روش شناسی سیستم های نرم

Given the increasing importance of data in transparency, accountability, and economic opportunities, designing a private sector data governance system is crucial. This paper studies the Iran Chamber of Commerce, Industries, Mines, and Agriculture and uses Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) to design a data governance system. The seven stages of SSM, from describing the problematic situation to implementing reforms, were executed. Data collection involved document analysis and 19 semi-structured interviews with experts. The study combines the macro framework of data governance with the four pillars of business intelligence to create a comprehensive picture of the data governance system. The findings indicate that realizing the data governance system, especially in connecting to national data repositories, depends on establishing e-government. Ideally, with e-government and smart government, data and information of all executive bodies fall under public ownership, necessitating revised laws and regulations governing data and information in the country. However, issues such as segmented data management laws, inadequate key data repositories, lack of cooperation among agencies, and data ownership challenges disrupt data system integration. The research suggests the Chamber of Commerce pursue bilateral and multilateral agreements with related agencies to accelerate the establishment of the data governance system in the private sector. The study highlights the importance of overcoming existing challenges and fostering cooperation among different agencies. While the full establishment of e-government is a long-term goal, interim measures such as strategic partnerships and agreements can significantly improve the data governance landscape, benefiting transparency, accountability, and economic opportunities within the private sector.

Human trafficking is one of the most heinous and dangerous crimes that human beings have committed against their fellow human beings throughout history, in fact, behavior against human dignity and its commission is a violation of human rights. Due to the importance of the subject, the present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a model for combating human trafficking using a soft system approach.

The present research is applied in terms of nature, descriptive-analytical and qualitative in terms of method. The participants in the study are academic experts who were selected as sample members according to the principle of theoretical adequacy and purposeful sampling. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview whose validity and reliability were confirmed using CVR and Kappa Cohen coefficient. On the other hand, a soft system approach has been used to analyze the obtained data

The findings indicate that using the soft system approach while providing root definitions of the phenomenon of human trafficking; Its conceptual model was also described. The results also show that the revision of laws and regulations, intelligence of the police, relevant institutions and organizations are important strategies in the fight against human trafficking.

Human trafficking is one of the most dangerous crimes that human beings commit against their fellow human beings. Therefore, rooting it, developing an appropriate model and also providing desirable solutions can be an important and effective step in reducing this social problem.

Increased trafficking in society has caused many harms to youth and the economy. The police force is one of the most important organs of the Islamic society that takes steps to maintain the security and excellence of the society. Due to the importance of smuggling prevention, in the present study, a soft systems management framework for the prevention of smuggling of goods has been presented.Research

In terms of purpose, the present study is an applied research with a descriptive-analytical approach. In this regard, using the opinions of experts, the seven steps of soft systems have been implemented.

In the present study, while recognizing the issue of smuggling as an important issue within the society, by determining the root definitions, developing a conceptual model, comparing the real world with the conceptual world and determining solutions, formulating a management framework with a soft systems methodology approach to deal with existing issues. .

The use of soft systems methodology provided a comprehensive framework for managing the prevention of smuggling of goods in the police force, and based on it, a new concept of worldview, customers, processes, owners and constraints was presented.

Entrepreneurship is a complex and multilevel phenomenon, based on critical realism, complex phenomena such as entrepreneurship occur in open systems and act at different levels of reality; in order to study of the exact nature of such phenomenon, it is necessary to use the appropriate methodology. The core of entrepreneurship is new venture creation, which could be defined as a dynamic process and an open system; that phenomenon drived from interactions of individual, organizational, and environmental elements, and are affected by various factors. The purpose of this research is to introduce and present a combined systemic methodology for entrepreneurship researches and especially studies related to new venture creation, that done by narrative reviewing systemic methodologies in the field of business. Since entrepreneurship involves both mental aspects and visible and measurable aspects; therefore, to studying it, can not only use soft systems thinking and soft system methodology, or hard systems thinking and system dynamics. Thus in entrepreneurship researches, for the modeling of the entrepreneurship process in the form of a dynamic system, can use the soft systems dynamics methodology that has developed from the combination of the soft systems methodology and system dynamics in recent decades.