رکود اقتصادی

The Chaleshtor region in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province is considered one of the major centers of rug weaving in Iran. The Kheshti rugs of this region are globally recognized for their unique designs, patterns, and colors. However, in the past two decades, the sales of these authentic and beautiful rugs have significantly declined. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors contributing to the stagnation of Kheshti rugs and proposes solutions to preserve and sustain this indigenous art. The research seeks to answer the question: What are the factors influencing the economic decline of Kheshti rugs in Chaleshtor, and what measures can be taken to overcome it? The methodology employed in this study includes library research and, more importantly, ethnographic field studies in the Kheshti rug markets of four cities: Chaleshtor, Shahr-e Kord, Sureshjan, and Farsan. The findings indicate that several factors have contributed to the economic downturn of rug weaving in this region, including the shortage of skilled weavers, the closure of rug weaving and dyeing workshops, economic and social challenges, inadequate governmental support, lack of systematic training for new generations, market fluctuations, and changing consumer preferences.To revive and develop the rug weaving industry in Chaleshtor, a multifaceted approach is necessary. This includes organizing training courses, increasing governmental support, and facilitating better market conditions for rug sales. Additionally, establishing cooperative networks among weavers, advancing modern dyeing technologies, and improving weaving techniques can help enhance the economic viability of this art-industry.

Statistical facts show that despite the declining trend of death rates for populations across the developed countries as well as for non-white Americans, the death rate among middle-aged white Americans without a college degree has increased since the beginning of the 21st century causing a decrease in life expectancy in USA. The increase in deaths among middle-aged whites has been attributed to suicide, drug overdose, and alcohol-related liver disease. This phenomenon has been labeled deaths of despair. The original causes of deaths of despair in American society are a long economic stagnation and the way they as a nation have dealt with it. The original causes have raised competition in the market of low-skilled jobs. Subsequent rise in unemployment rate among lower-skilled whites has accelerated deaths of despair. In the past few decades, Iran has faced the problem of economic stagnation or very low rates of economic growth, thus experiencing a high unemployment rate. Therefore, deaths of despair are a potential threat for Iranian society. In order to prevent and mitigate such deaths in Iranian society, a national consensus seems to be vital to put sustainable and long-term economic growth as a top priority in public policy.

This paper studies the relationships between through four theoretical approaches: psychological stress, the cost of divorce, and combined and individual liability (selection) ones. We analyzed data of forty years from 1966 to 2006 to study how the unemployment and the divorce rate related in Iran by using time series analysis. The results show that there is a long-run relationship between divorce and unemployment but not for short-run one. This supports the psychological stress perspective which emphasizes on the lag effect on unemployment on divorce.