سبک های تربیتی

Family is the first institution in which every human being is placed, and the foundation of his personality finds its true form in this institution. The formation of a person's personality depends a lot on the lifestyle of the family and, in line with that, the style of raising a person by the parents. One of the personality aspects of every human being is how he communicates with his creator and how each person obeys and obeys his Lord. This aspect also goes back to the parent's behavior and upbringing method to an extraordinary extent. According to psychological research conducted in the field of child rearing, there are four authoritarian, permissive, permissive and authoritative styles. Authoritative style is the most logical and appropriate style among the four known styles. The purpose of this research is to know a new style that can be achieved through the verses of the Qur'an and the words of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them). The closest educational style of the Qur'an to the authoritative educational style is the responsible style. This style considers horizons beyond the final goals of the four educational styles mentioned. Actualizing and flourishing children's talents in line with the main goal of his creation, which is the service of God, is one of the most important characteristics of this style. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical.

The purpose of the present study was to predict emotional self-regulation based on parenting styles and adolescent temperament. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study consisted of first grade male and female high school students in Tehran, which were 494900  students based on the statistics available in Tehran Education site during the academic year 2018-2019 According to Morgan table,384 students were selected by purposeful multistage cluster sampling method. Emotional Self Regulation questionnaires were used by Jijan Garnefsky (2006), Baumrind parenting styles (1973) and Bass and Palamin (1984). Multiple regression was used to analyze the statistical data. The results showed that positive cognitive emotion regulation was not predictable based on temperament dimensions. Negative cognitive emotional regulation was predictable based on temperament dimensions. Among temperament dimensions, only helplessness and anxiety positively and significantly predicted negative cognitive emotional regulation. Positive emotional regulation was predictable based on the dimensions of training methods. The authoritative training method positively and training negatively and significantly predicted positive cognitive emotional regulation. Negative emotional regulation was predictable based on the dimensions of training methods. Authoritative and facilitative training methods negatively, arbitrarily positively and significantly predicted negative cognitive emotional regulation. Positive cognitive emotional regulation was predictable based on temperament dimensions and training methods. The authoritative and authoritative training methods and helplessness significantly predicted positive cognitive emotion regulation. Negative cognitive emotional regulation was predictable based on temperament dimensions and training methods. Authoritative,authoritarian and arbitrarily training methods significantly predicted negative cognitive emotional regulation

Difference and diversity have existed since the formation of human society. Social tolerance is the foundation of democracy and civil society, and all modern societies require tolerant behavior by active citizens. Social tolerance can be defined as acceptance of differences in society. A tolerant person is one who refrains from throwing physical and language violence against those who are different. Social tolerance is one of the key elements in building a healthy and ethical society. When members of a society don’t accept differences, social solidarity will be challenged and society may encounter the risk of collapse. Several factors can be noted that affect the amount of social tolerance, including the role of the family, because it is where people spend a long time and develop their values and norms. Also, it has a vital role in shaping children’s attitudes and behaviors. Among the factors considered in the area of the family that affect children’s social tolerance, especial attention should be paid to different parenting styles (authoritarian, permissive and democratic), network of family and social relations and the amount of religiosity in family.

This study is conducted through survey method and data were obtained through questionnaire. Formal validity of the questionnaire was confirmed and for reliability Cronbach’s alpha was used.The statistical population includes Shahid Chamran University students, of whom 374 individuals were selected as the sample. Sampling method is classification stratified sampling.

The results indicate that only two variables of the amount of religiosity in the family and authoritarian parenting style have a meaningful relation with social tolerance and other variables such as permissive parenting style, democratic parenting style and network of family and social relations do not have a meaningful relation with dependent variable. The result of regression analysis also indicates that independent variables predict 38.5 percent of the variance of social tolerance. We recommend that the same research will be done on other samples.