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This study investigates the impact of cyberloafing on employees' social fatigue. The main goal of the research was to identify the relationship between these two variables and clarify the effects of cyberloafing on social interactions and employees' psychological well-being. To conduct this study, a content analysis method was used based on documents and scientific articles from both domestic and international sources. The findings revealed a significant correlation between cyberloafing and increased social fatigue, with employees who engage more in these behaviors showing a lower tendency for social interactions and experiencing greater feelings of isolation. These effects were more pronounced in organizations with bureaucratic cultures and complex structures. Additionally, psychological factors such as organizational cynicism and low psychological capital played a role in amplifying the negative impacts of cyberloafing. The results of this study align with previous research and highlight the importance of monitoring cyberloafing behaviors and improving organizational culture to mitigate its negative effects on employees' psychological and social well-being.

This study examines and critiques various interpretations regarding a verse from Khāqānī’s Tarsāʾiyyah (Christian Ode), specifically:"Be-pākī-ye Maryam az tazwīj-e Yūsuf / Be-dūrī-ye ʿĪsā az peywand-e Īshā/Ashyā/‛Īshā" In manuscript copies, the last word of this verse is commonly recorded as ‛Īshā or Ashyā, and commentators have diverged in their interpretations. Supporting the arguments of Akbar Ḥeydariyan and Sayyid Jawad Murtazāʾī (2017), I argue that both ‛Īshā and Ashyā are corrupted versions of Īshā. Furthermore, I demonstrate that many explanations provided by scholars—including interpretations such as "worldly attachments," "womb," "‛alaqah" (the embryonic mixture of semen and blood), "a modified form of Īshūʿ or Yashūʿ, meaning the pseudo-Jesus who was crucified," or "the name of a woman whom Jesus (PBUH) was accused of being involved with"—are neither substantiated nor well-reasoned. I also show that the earliest documented occurrence of the word ‛Īshā dates back to the 9th century AH and that Persian lexicographical works originating in the Indian subcontinent played a significant role in promoting this erroneous reading. By analyzing commentaries and lexicons compiled in India, I argue that ‛Īshā is a fabricated lexeme resulting from the corruption of the original Īshā. Among the interpretations proposed, the view of Ḥeydariyan and Murtazāʾī (2017) stands out as the most well-supported and convincing, identifying Īshā as the father of David (PBUH) and, according to the genealogy recorded in the Gospel of Luke, the grandfather of Joseph the Carpenter. Their reading of the verse suggests that in the first hemistich, Khāqānī absolves Mary (PBUH) of marital union with Joseph, thereby negating any paternal relationship between Jesus (PBUH) and Joseph. In the second hemistich, as a continuation of the same thought, he denies any genealogical link between Jesus (PBUH) and Īshā, the father of David and the ancestor of Joseph the Carpenter. In other words, the negation of a paternal lineage between Jesus and Joseph logically implies the absence of any ancestral connection between Jesus and Īshā (i.e., the lineage recorded in the Gospels). Despite its strong evidentiary basis, the argument of Ḥeydariyan and Murtazāʾī has been overlooked due to its convoluted and overly verbose presentation. Finally, while acknowledging their interpretation as plausible, I propose an alternative possibility: Īshā might be a rendering of the Biblical Hebrew term אשה , meaning "woman" (specifically a wife or consort). Accordingly, the intended meaning of the hemistich would be: "By the purity of Jesus (PBUH) from any marital bond with a woman or consort."

The purpose of this study is to identify the reasons and consequences of ‎experiencing violence in the lives of battered women. The research is qualitative and ‎based on the method of grounded theory. The target population of the research is the battered ‎women who refer to the social emergency of the Behzisti⸴s organization of Ilam city, and a sample ‎of 24 of them has been selected using the purposive sampling method. Data were ‎collected through semi-structured interviews and then coding. Findings indicate the role of familial factors such as learned violence, problematic ‎marriage practices; Social and Economical factors; and intervening factors such as mutual infidelity and deviancy have ‎been two-way. Women's reactions are mainly actions containing passivity, and the usual ‎perception of the role of a continuous victim for women is its consequence. The core category of ‎‎"domestic violence against women is the product of the interaction of women's experience of ‎economic deprivation and the social structure of men's idea of patriarchy" which is the result of ‎family management in the context of maintaining the functions of patriarchal culture along with ‎the structural transmission of violence in the cultural mechanism.

The present research was conducted with the aim of qualitative analysis of the concept of development in Golbaf city, focusing on the activities of the development house of this city and relying on the grounded theory method. The participants in this study were 28 members of clubs and executive agents and project informants who were selected using the purposeful sampling method. Data were collected using in-depth interview technique and three-step coding was used for data analysis. The findings indicated the failure of the Golbaf Development House project. In this context, 16 categories were discovered, which include: the formation of a spirit of comfort, lack of understanding of social shared fate, internalized contentment, personal and native self-loss, generalized frustration with government officials, development as a victim of hidden goals, neglect of process-oriented control, weakness in foresight, the conceptual paradox of development, hegemony of traditional beliefs, changes in social and cultural construction and the missing link of marketing and distribution, tendency to non-productive and false jobs, the gap in people's trust in government officials, intensification of poverty and indebtedness, frustration and social indifference. Based on the results, the overarching factor in the underdevelopment of Golbaf city was, in the first place, the rule of tradition as the only driving force of social life, and in the next stage, culture, values and beliefs separated from it, which somehow tried to preserve its existence and failed to successfully integrate and accept new and progressive ideas of development.

Urban advertising, as one of the important tools in city management and development, has a significant impact on the socio & cultural changes of citizens. Specifically, this research aims to identify the role of advertising in promoting civic culture, increasing social participation, and improving the behavior of the citizens in the city of Isfahan. The study also seeks to provide solutions for more effective use of urban advertising to strengthen social norms. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the data were collected through observation and document analysis, with the relationships between variables explained using analytical methods. The research findings indicate that urban advertising, especially environmental advertising, plays a crucial role in promoting civic culture, increasing social participation, strengthening civic norms, and improving social behaviors. Moreover, the influence of advertising on elements such as social responsibility, interpersonal trust, adherence to laws, and altruism has been confirmed. These results suggest that urban advertising can serve as an effective tool for institutionalizing desirable social and cultural behaviors in urban communities. However, improper and unplanned use of advertising can have negative consequences, such as reducing the sense of social participation and neglecting public culture. This study particularly recommends that urban planners and managers take effective steps toward improving social and cultural behaviors of citizens through targeted and well-planned advertising to enhance the quality of urban life.

Introduction and statement of the problem:

 Dormitory culture as a subset of university culture is a very important subject, because it directly affects the personal and social life of students. Despite the importance of this issue, higher education policymakers have not paid much attention to it in our country. For many of our young people, the student dormitory is an inappropriate substitute for a safe family environment. Having support and living with the family is an important psychological, emotional and social need in all age groups. Many studies have shown that the prevalence of emotional and mental disorders in students living in dormitories is higher than in students not living in the dormitories. Being in a dormitory, in addition to being away from one's family and former relationship network, also living in it may impose problems on a person; On the other hand, there is a possibility that the dormitory environment is a source of support for a person due to the presence of peers and the scientific atmosphere that dominates it. Despite this, dormitories often focus only on physical aspects such as providing sleeping space and basic facilities without considering the social needs of students. However, many studies have shown that students are not satisfied with the physical facilities of the dormitories. Therefore, the issue of dormitory culture for female students is more sensitive than for male students, and due to having more restrictions, it seems that living in student dormitories is associated with more harm for them. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the experiences of female students in facing the dormitory life.

In this research, according to the nature of its subject, qualitative method and phenomenological approach have been used. The statistical population in this research are female students living in student dormitories in Urmia University. The statistical sample in this research was 10 people who were selected in a purposeful way from among the female students living in the dormitories of Urmia University who had at least two semesters and at most five semesters of attendance in the dormitories. Getting first-hand experiences or lived experience can only be done by interviewing people who have had this experience themselves. For this purpose, a semi-structured interview was used in this research to collect data. In the interviews, the students were asked to express their experiences of living in the dormitory. The method of data analysis in this research was done using the Colaizzi's method. The credibility of this research has been achieved by using the components of reliability, originality, transferability, reliability and verifiability, as well as presenting the research results to the participants and recording the research process accurately. In determining the validity of the research, the strategies of confirmation of the participants, involvement of the researcher with the investigated phenomenon, evaluation and consensus of other researchers on the determined concepts and categories have been used.Discussion of the findings and

The findings of this research show that living in student dormitories for female students comes with many challenges and opportunities. The challenges of dormitory life from the point of view of female students are: lack of privacy, irregular sleeping and waking hours, personality instability, lack of dormitory facilities, mental-psychological pressure, and studying on the sidelines. Besides these challenges, students have also mentioned the opportunities of dormitory life. Opportunities such as individual independence, personality development, gaining social life experiences, self-management of life and strengthening the spirit of cooperation were part of the most important opportunities mentioned by the students. Therefore, based on these findings, the culture of student dormitories, along with the challenges and problems they create for students, can provide opportunities and fields to improve students' ability and social life skills to lead to personal growth and Students become social.If there is one point to be discussed as the final result of this research, it is that the dormitory culture, although within itself, brings opportunities and positive consequences; But its challenges and negative aspects are more in our country. The paradigm model of this research clearly shows this fact. However, the dormitory management in our country has been wrong from the beginning and no plan has been presented for this part of university culture. The dormitory is only a four-walled one with minimal facilities and has been prepared for students to sleep. It is not important for the university authorities what kind of relations and problems exist within these four walls. This method of management has been until today and along with other factors, it has caused the deterioration of academic culture and the reduction of the quality of universities in Iran. It is on this basis that the expression "eclipse of academic culture" is used in Iran for the situation.

 Population growth, the knowledge and information revolution, changing cultural and social realities, economic globalization, the rise of new technologies and materials, increased environmental awareness and warnings, urbanization and migration pressures, etc., pose unprecedented challenges to our lives and professions. In the 19th century, industrial progress, science, technology, and the growth of urbanization in the West caused fundamental changes in the social organization and culture of the people of the world. Alongside this progress and technology, the story of today's Iranian architecture is the story of the diminution of cultural and civilization-building values ​​and concepts hidden in a deep-rooted and dynamic architecture. For a long time, in the traditional architecture and urban planning of Iranian cities, the factor of culture has been considered as a special category in design. In any case, the cultural life of the country is in serious proportion to cultural events. However, it cannot be claimed that the capacity of cultural events is optimally utilized and the productivity of these measures is at the desired level. This weakness and lack of productivity stems from various causes, one of which is undoubtedly the lack of systematic design and implementation processes for cultural activities. A set of cultural, political, natural and historical factors have worked together to make the behavior and morale of people in different parts of Iran different. People who communicate with each other with equal value and respect and without aggression or humiliation and form a peaceful society called Iran. The cultural characteristics of each era can be recognized in its architecture, because when architecture is created under the influence of different conditions of an era, such as political, social, economic and cultural, etc., as soon as it is created, it can be recognized as independent and alive and take on special characteristics.When the effects that created a work (architecture) disappear, that architecture may continue to live. If the factors that create it are in accordance with cultural demands, that architecture will take deep root, and if those factors are unstable, that architecture will lack life and new factors will destroy it. The geographical location of Gilan, dense vegetation, humidity, access to the sea, and countless climatic factors have made the people of this province lively, cheerful, and with a different spirit from other parts of Iran. Therefore, it is essential that the architecture of the future be formed in accordance with the customs and culture of this province. The present study aims to study the future of the architectural developments of Gilan province based on the influential cultural components.Accordingly, the main question of the research is stated as follows: To what extent will cultural criteria be effective on the future architecture of Gilan province? Based on the explanations presented, the focus of the present study is not "culture" in the general sense, nor simply solving a cultural problem and providing solutions for it, but rather a study of future architecture based on culture and its formulation. Thinking about the future is essential for the current actions and actions of man. Humans have been eager to know about the future since ancient times. Prophets and soothsayers are examples of those who in the past tried to somehow respond to this eagerness in the eyes of the public and the private. The first serious signs of human interest in the future can be seen in the Age of Enlightenment, a time when humanity believed that science would find a solution to everything. Newton's laws of motion made it possible to understand and analyze many phenomena. As a result of the rapid growth of science during this period, thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment had truly concluded that it only takes time for all the laws and regulations of society and the environment surrounding humanity to be known and revealed. The foundations of this research are valid research and experienced models in the field related to the problem. Research conducted in the field of the future of architecture has all cultural, social and economic dimensions, either separately or together. Therefore, the present research has attempted to carefully examine the impact of culture on the future of architecture in Gilan province. Due to the multidimensional nature of the concept of development, it is necessary to pay attention to a range of main variables of different economic, social, cultural and environmental sectors.This research is applied in terms of purpose and method, mixed with an exploratory approach to the future. The statistical population of this research at all stages are experts who have worked in scientific environments and in the fields of architecture, urban planning and sociology. This research was conducted in three stages; in the first stage, in order to identify the drivers, in-depth interviews were conducted with 28 experts, which were the basis for designing the interview protocol, using literature review, Postel technique and W1H5 questioning technique, and sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Max QDA software was used to analyze the interviews. Interview documentation, returning the coded interviews to the interviewees for confirmation, and using a secondary coder to check the degree of code compliance (code similarity) were carried out. In this research, with the participation of experts, the best capabilities for developing the province and building a desirable future were selected. Among the three scenarios given by the Scenario Wizard software, scenarios number one and two were the desirable scenarios, and scenario number three was the undesirable scenario. Among the two desirable scenarios given, scenario number two, due to its higher score (186), is the desirable scenario in which special attention should be paid to cultural changes, climate change should be given more attention, users' needs and awareness should be given more attention, and special attention should be paid to immigrants. However, in the undesirable scenario, if cultural changes, climate change, user needs, disregard for immigrants, increased globalization, and construction barriers are not removed, we will witness undesirable architecture in the future.

This study aims to examine the social and cultural components influencing employee behavior from an Islamic perspective. The research focuses on three types of implications derived from the narrations of the Maʿṣūmīn (peace be upon them): direct implication (dalālat al-muṭābaqa), included implication (dalālat al-taḍammun), and necessary implication (dalālat al-iltiẓām). The research method was analytical-inferential. The findings reveal that the mindset of Islamic managers reflects a belief in the human dependency on Allah as the Creator of the universe and the necessity of aligning life plans with divine teachings. Beliefs and convictions are fundamental elements in shaping the cultural behavior of employees. Accepted norms among Muslim employees form the framework for their cultural and social behavior. By adhering to values, employees exhibit acceptable behaviors. Islamic ethics and customs can also contribute to enhancing organizational effectiveness through the transformation and correction of employee behaviors. This is achieved through moral training, improving interpersonal interactions, and preserving and reforming proper traditions within society. Muslim employees, guided by Islamic social and cultural teachings, should strive to avoid influences from famous individuals whose behaviors conflict with religious standards and should adopt Islamic behavioral models. Building organizations aligned with Islamic society requires attention to the social and cultural components emphasized in Islamic teachings. Managers in an Islamic society can strengthen “beliefs” and “values” through enhancing “cognition” and effectively fulfill their “social responsibilities” by observing “Islamic ethics” and “manners,” thereby influencing worthy individuals in “social interactions.” In this state, the organization will successfully achieve its valuable objectives.

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of socially discourse-oriented relationships on the development and improvement of ethics and urban culture. The research methodology combines descriptive and applied analytical approaches. The findings revealed that citizenship and civic culture are the result of multifaceted commitments. Citizens are dynamic and mobile components of society, actively participating in various societal spheres. Achieving this requires a dual movement: one from top to bottom in the form of empowerment and engagement within macrostructures, and the other from bottom to top, reflecting the active social participation of citizens, particularly in the public sphere. The religious, cultural, and civilizational values of Islamic Iran encompass teachings that embody civil and collective virtues and ethics. The fundamental philosophy of these teachings is the belief that behavioral changes must begin with individual awareness and attitudes. Considering the impact of religious beliefs on adherence to civil culture, these values offer a suitable foundation for citizens to acquire necessary skills for participation in political, social, cultural, economic, and religious arenas. Religion, as one of the most significant sources of fostering civic culture, necessitates special attention to religious adherence and beliefs in encouraging commitment to civic ethics. Furthermore, civic teachings should be tailored to meet the social, religious, and cultural needs of society.

Work-life balance is a common interdisciplinary concept in the social sciences, psychological sciences, and management sciences. The aforementioned equilibrium is more significantly jeopardized among knowledge workers. The telecom industry, which is at the forefront of technology and is integral to the daily lives of millions of individuals, is susceptible to the simultaneous intensification of social, group, psychological, and organizational pressures. Consequently, it is an appropriate example for investigating the process of change in this balance.In this research, the sociological perspective was employed to investigate the methods by which 18 technical employees manage their work-life balance through in-depth interviews and qualitative methodology.The research results indicate that the employees of this organization's approach to work-life balance is influenced by three categories of factors: job characteristics, organizational culture, and personal meaningful attitudes. More specific factors can be identified within these general categories, including: the organization’s result orientation, the organization’s constant stress and conflict with crises and disorders, the long working hours, the destructive competition between employees, the conservatism of managers, and the interest in the job and the organization.The research findings indicate that despite its size and technological sophistication, Iran’s largest organization maintains a conservative organizational culture and is result-oriented. The organization’s responses to the circumstance of a lack of work-life balance have not been based on organizational knowledge, but rather on recreational and welfare facilities. Therefore, employees have adapted their personal characteristics and meanings, such as their passion for service and interest in the company, as a response to the stressful work conditions.

Many highly-educated women in Iran are constantly migrating abroad to access excellent facilities and take advantage of appropriate educational amenities. Considering that women are part of the useful human resources, their migration can have consequences for Iranian society. In this article, using the qualitative method and the phenomenological approach, we examined the underlying factors for the migration of women to the United States. The sampling method is purposive or criterion-based. In a phenomenological research, the purposive sampling strategy is used to select the desired samples and units. The seven-step Claizzi (Claizzi) and Diekmann analysis methods, which are used in the interpretive phenomenological approach, were employed in this study. Identifying the lived experiences of Iranian female students about the advantages of studying and working at universities in Boston, the push factors for living, working and studying in Iran, and generally discovering the lived experiences of Iranian female students are among the main objectives of this research. In this study, we intend to find the meanings that migrant and educated women give to studying at universities in Boston, and especially the diverse lifestyles in that country. The interviewees, emphasizing their high education in Iran and familiarity with the liberal culture of the West, mentioned categories such as patriarchal stereotypes in Iran, the dominance of the traditional lifestyle, and the dominance of politics over the public sphere as obstacles to their self-expression. During the interviews, they insisted on the prevalence of this neo-patrimonial culture in Iran and considered their migration as an outcome of this culture.

Dariush Shaygan (1935-2018) and his reflections and Ideas are actually one of the capacities of Iranian culture in facing modernity. Dariush Shaygan is an outstanding intellectual figure who is familiar with the traditional heritage and culture of Iranian society, and has a relatively complete knowledge of modernity and its philosophical foundations. However, what have made his thoughts remarkable are the gradual changes that have taken place in his attitude towards modernity during his intellectual life. During his five decades of intellectual life, on the one hand, he took a serious position against anti-modernists and proponents of cultural relativism, and as an Eastern individual of the third world who experienced the danger of losing enlightenment values in his lived experience, he defended the civilized-social order and the achievements of modernity. And on the other hand, due to the recognition of the lack of meaning and spirit in the body of the western modernity experience, he thinks in the struggle between these levels in the model of the planetary man he wants. Philosophical developments of the post-modern movement, the spread of post-secular ideas of people like Vatimo and the project of fragmented ontologies and weak.

Women's entrepreneurship encompasses cooperative and independent self-employment, employer involvement, as well as single-ownership and new business endeavors.The study employed a quantitative meta-analysis approach, utilizing purposive non-probability sampling to gather data from 2011 to 2022. Fifty documents out of a total of 87 studies comprised the statistical population. Documents were selected based on entry and exit criteria, which encompassed factors such as sample size, significance level, correlation coefficient, and research validity and quality.The results indicate that cultural elements (such as way of life, religious convictions, support for gender equality, participation in social networks, cultural poverty, cultural capital, patriarchal culture, collaborative culture, culture, and work ethic); psychological elements (including self-assurance, courageousness in undertaking risks, self-esteem, sense of social adequacy, perception of social discrimination, motivation for independence, aspiration for success and advancement, educational aptitude, and innovative and creative thinking); The research findings indicate that contextual factors exert the most significant influence on the entrepreneurial endeavors of rural women, as evidenced by an effect coefficient of 0.300. Findings Women's entrepreneurship is a subfield of entrepreneurship that, in addition to economic profit, seeks social and cultural benefits; it facilitates the identification of cultural, social, and economic contexts of society, the identification of social needs, and community recognition.

Child labor refers to children under the age of 18 who engage in various forms of work, such as street vending, workshops, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, domestic services, and other exploitative activities, to contribute to their own or their families' livelihoods. The International Labor Organization (ILO) defines child labor as work that deprives children of their childhood, potential, and dignity (ILO, 2021). Such work is harmful to their physical, mental, social, and moral well-being, limiting their educational opportunities and often leading to early school dropout. Worldwide, child labor manifests in multiple forms, ranging from agriculture and construction to waste collection and begging. These activities are often the worst forms of child labor, subjecting children to exploitation, violence, and severe risks to their well-being (UNICEF/ILO, 2021). In Iran, although precise statistics on child labor are unavailable, estimates suggest approximately 70,000 children are engaged in labor, with 12,000 to 15,000 working in the streets (Mehr News Agency, 2022). However, the actual number could be 2.5 times higher. In Tehran, it is estimated that 30,000 children work on the streets, with 20,000 working in subway stations during the winter months and 1,870 at traffic intersections. A significant majority of these children are non-Iranian, primarily from Pakistan and Afghanistan, while Iranian children represent a smaller proportion of the street-working population.
Several factors contribute to the persistence of child labor, including economic, social, family, and biological-psychological factors. Economically, high unemployment, poverty, inequality, and limited job opportunities for adults push families into situations where children must work (Bhat, 2010). Socially, positive societal attitudes toward child labor, overpopulation, unplanned migration, and a lack of protective legislation perpetuate the problem (Afshani et al., 2013). Family dynamics, such as large family sizes, parental conflicts, addiction, or criminality, often push children into labor as a means of survival. Furthermore, biological and psychological factors such as identity crises, adolescent crises, and behavioral issues like running away from home or school contribute to children entering the workforce (Okyere, 2013).
This study seeks to explore the demographic and economic characteristics of working children in Tehran, the discrimination they face at the micro and macro levels, and how policy and social changes could help reduce these inequities. The research employs several sociological frameworks to understand the systemic issues surrounding child labor. According to functionalism, social inequalities arise from roles assigned by society, each serving specific economic and social functions (Giddens, 2006). Giddens emphasizes that power dynamics and unequal access to resources lead to discrimination and inequality. Bourdieu’s theory of cultural, economic, and social capital suggests that limited access to these forms of capital among child laborers perpetuates poverty cycles and inequality (Bourdieu, 1393). Elias highlights how power relations between stronger and weaker groups contribute to inequality, with dominant groups using resource control to maintain their power (Elias & Scotson, 1965). Finally, Lewis's "culture of poverty" concept suggests that poverty is perpetuated by behaviors and beliefs resulting from poor living conditions, such as distrust in institutions and the inability to plan for the future, behaviors that are often passed down across generations (Lewis, 1966). By understanding the multifaceted nature of child labor through these theoretical lenses, the study advocates for systemic changes in legal, economic, and social structures to address the root causes of child labor and improve the lives of working children.

culture of learning tools; The symbol has special meanings and concepts that make people think in the context of that learner; how to organize your thoughts; They unconsciously ignore some aspects of things during the process of thinking and in other words see them. Learning culture can be different aspects such as student learning; employee learning; faculty members; researchers and administrative staff; The organizational learning of the university should be focused

The research approach was qualitative and meta-composite technique. The statistical community included studies in the form of articles from 1396 to 1401 and 2016 to 2022 in the field of effective components of learning culture, which were searched with the keywords determined in reliable scientific databases. and it was gathered that a total of 169 studies were reviewed after several stages of review and screening, finally, 30 articles were selected and the data were analyzed by coding and content analysis.

research findings in open coding, 227 components of learning culture were extracted, which were divided into three categories including individual learning culture, collective learning culture, and international (global) learning culture in axial coding, and finally, the results of the selective coding stage The obtained components were classified in the form of causal, contextual, strategic, intervention and consequences

The aim of this study was to determine the role of research culture and research self-efficacy in the prediction of research anxiety among graduate students. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study included all graduate students of Yasouj University in the academic year 2020-2021. 343 graduate students were selected as the sample group by available sampling method. Data collection tools included Researcher-made Questionnaire of Research Culture, Biocosturk Research Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (2011), and Research Anxiety Questionnaire of Borang et al. (2017). Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient test showed that a significant relationship was observed between research culture and research self-efficacy with research anxiety. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that 33.3 percent of research anxiety variances can be predicted with research culture and research self-efficacy. Therefore, in order to reduce the level of research anxiety of graduate students, it is recommended to take the necessary interventions in the field of research culture and research self-efficacy.

This study discussed the designing and presenting a model for development of political culture in Islamic Communication & culture organization. the statistical sample in the qualitative section included all university experts and experts in the field of cultural management and political fields, which was equal to 20 people. The research instrument consisted of researcher-made coding sheets whose validity was confirmed by Delphi group members and its reliability was calculated by P-Scott criterion of 0.95. Findings showed that the factors related to the development model of development of political culture in Islamic Communication & culture organization were identified in the form of 12 categories. And pivotal: Clture of development of political culture, enhancing factors, shaping factors, impedimenta of shaping factors and consequences. In the second study, the sample size was estimated as 387 people based on Cochran formula and after data collection, the statistical analysis of survey data was performed in two descriptive levels using statistical parameters (such as frequency, percentage, elongation , mean) and inferential statistics (Levin test, t-test), confirmatory factor analysis using Spss 22 , Lisrel8.54 and Excel. Significant coefficients and parameters of factors, pivotal: development of political culture, enhancing factors, bedder factors, impedimenta of shaping factors and consequences.showed that all of the coefficients obtained are significant

Political socialization plays an important role in the survival of a generation and transmits the political culture of society to newer generations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of power building on the family and political socialization. The research method is survey and descriptive correlation. The statistical population is all women working in Andimeshk city offices. According to Cochran's formula, the sample size was 284 statistical samples. In the data collection tool, a questionnaire was developed. After collecting the data, the data were analyzed based on descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS software.  Descriptive findings show that the average power building in the family was 1.92 and the average political sociability among individuals was high (2.08). The level of political socialization was between 25% low, 41.2% medium and 33.8% high. Pearson correlation coefficient between the rate of power building in the family and political sociability is equal to 0.252. The results showed that there is a positive, direct and significant correlation between power building in the family and the level of political sociability of married women working in Andimeshk. The more power-building in the family, the greater the sociability of politics. The variable of power building in the family and its dimensions explain and predict 11.8% of the variance and changes in political socialization. The values of regression coefficients show that the dimension of all-round symmetric construction has a greater effect on political socialization.

The culture of poverty is an important anthropological concept that has permeated the various fields of social sciences, economics, development, sociology, as well as public discourse and the media. This concept was first coined by Oscar Lewis; It is a semantic, subjective and normative system - a value that leads to the creation and spread of a sense of poverty among individuals, and if internalized, this process is constantly reproduced. Reproducing a culture of poverty is one of the major obstacles to sustainable development. The present study identifies and analyzes the characteristics and components of the culture of poverty among women in Kermanshah with a qualitative approach and content analysis method. Participants included 16 women aged 15 to 59 years in Kermanshah who were included in the study by purposive sampling method and were interviewed face to face and semi-structured. Based on the findings and results, five main components of the culture of poverty were extracted: economic disorder, local belonging, family indifference, social indifference and despair.

Teaching culture in English language instruction is an issue that has long been debated. The cultural component of language gained importance in 1960s when the sociology of language was developed; hence, varied perspectives were presented regarding the topic of teaching culture in English language instruction. Despite a number of research on the role that English language culture plays in curriculum and language instruction in various educational settings, it appears that the existing discussions have ignored the primacy of this issue in general English language classes offered to undergraduate university students. The current study looked into how instructors and students approached the subject of culture in general English language courses. For this purpose, ten students who successfully completed their general English language course and six course instructors were sampled. A qualitative research approach was adopted; all participants attended semi-structured interview sessions. Thematic analysis of the interview transcripts demonstrated that the instructors’ arguments for and against teaching culture in general language classrooms are based on how they define and view the concept of culture. On the other hand, it was found that the students’ attitudes towards dealing with culture in general English language classes are influenced by a number of factors, including their religious convictions, the impact of media and social networks, and their reliance on culture and mother tongue. The results of this study can help policy makers and instructors figure out whether to teach or not to teach culture in English language classes.