فلسطین

This study examines the contemporary role of Palestinian women—known as “Murabitat Al-Aqsa” (Guardians of Al-Aqsa)—in defending Jerusalem’s Al-Aqsa Mosque against Israeli settler-colonial encroachment. Through “ribā” (a traditional Islamic concept of guarding frontiers), these women blend spiritual resilience with political resistance, anchoring Palestinian identity to Al-Aqsa. The article analyzes their strategies to preserve the mosque’s Islamic character while resisting Israel’s systematic efforts to fragment Palestinian life.

Usually, countries support different groups according to their interests. Since its establishment, the Islamic Republic of Iran has declared its full support for the resistance against the Zionist regime. This research aims to investigate the legality of this responsibility by analytical-descriptive method. The research question is what is the Islamic-Iranian model of supporting resistance groups? The result is that the Islamic model of protection is not related to political issues and these protections are carried out according to the doctrine of Islamic human responsibility. But the model of the Islamic Republic of Iran in supporting the Palestinian people has been in the direction of preventing the expansion of occupation and the development of virtual borders, which seems desirable. With this action, the Zionist regime can be limited to border problems so that the thought of encroaching on other countries does not come to mind. On the other hand, the virtual borders of our country have been developed, which can be considered useful for the country's security. Criticisms about allocating heavy budgets to these issues have proven with various statistics that such aid does not play a significant role in the current economic problems of the country.

Palestine is one of the most important issues in the Middle East and the world, which has involved many countries. The Islamic Republic of Iran has no escape from the Palestinian issue and has been exposed to this issue for more than 9 decades, and knowledge of Palestine has been imprinted in the society's memory. In this research, we are seeking to gain an understanding of the Iranian society's view of the Palestinian issue by using the theory of schemas, by exploring the perspective of Iranian activists in the field of Palestine. The fundamental method of this study is thematic analysis, the data of which was collected through interviews with popular activists in Palestine. Some of the important results obtained are: the human-Islamic nature of Palestine, the necessity of armed struggle and legal and diplomatic pressure against Israel, this is the Islamic Republic and Palestine, Iran's military, weapons, civil and political support for Palestine and the symbol of resistance and The courage of the Palestinians is in the mentality of the Iranians.Palestine is one of the most important issues in the Middle East and the world, which has involved many countries. The Islamic Republic of Iran has no escape from the Palestinian issue and has been exposed to this issue for more than 9 decades, and knowledge of Palestine has been imprinted in the society's memory. In this research, we are seeking to gain an understanding of the Iranian society's view of the Palestinian issue by using the theory of schemas, by exploring the perspective of Iranian activists in the field of Palestine. The fundamental method of this study is thematic analysis, the data of which was collected through interviews with popular activists in Palestine. Some of the important results obtained are: the human-Islamic nature of Palestine, the necessity of armed struggle and legal and diplomatic pressure against Israel, this is the Islamic Republic and Palestine, Iran's military, weapons, civil and political support for Palestine and the symbol of resistance and The courage of the Palestinians is in the mentality of the Iranians.

Stylistics is one of the braches of literary criticism that particularly focuses on the data of linguistics and rhetoric and deals with its text and structure to reveal inherent aesthetics in it and show the reader expressive patterns, leading to distinguish the works of writers. Sheikh Ahmad Al-Waeli is one of the contemporary poets who took an active style in his political poems, especially “Hadith Palestine”. He talks about the will of the people of this land in particular and the Arabs in general to defend their usurped rights. This study aims to analyze the ode at two levels i.e. semantic and rhetorical by taking into account the descriptive-analytical method, to reveal its inherent connotations and reach its wonderful aesthetics. The results of this study show that the poet employs tandem at the semantic level and contrast to understand ideas about the land of Palestine and Palestinian uniqueness and increasing sense of patriotism.  He applauds the Palestinian fighters who did not leave their resistance on the occupied land. In terms of rhetoric, the poet uses verbal repetition in a special way to alert the addressee that the concept presented through repetition needs more caution and awareness. The dialogue that takes place in the ode by asking questions from a child and answering by his father, prepares the reader to reflect about the right of the Palestinians to demand and the invalidity of the occupiers. Although the father, while answering to the child, expects the good and success in the future for his country, to not forget the depression weighing on his shoulders, which is racist and hateful on the part of the Zionists who try to promote it from time to time that the Arabs are not equal to them.

the islamic feature of islamic revolution in iran which indicates the cross - border of religious belief is reflection of its effects in the world and other muslim countries in the west asia in different layers ; a prominent example of which is the support of palestine with the aim of reviving the identity of the palestinian state . this investigation is considered by examining the subjects of the islamic system in order to realize that the liberation of Palestine from the yoke of Zionism in modern modern geometry is central to the thought of islamic revolution leaders . the aim of this paper is to explain and analyze the performance (ا and programs) that are based on the thought of the leaders of the islamic revolution of iran and the aim of supporting and achieving the cause of resistance and sovereignty of the Palestinian people . the results of the study are based on the principles and nature of islam in confronting the enemy (rule of سبیل) and the necessity of supporting the oppressed with regard to the economic , material , geographical and defensive capacities and the necessity of supporting it in the new world geometry with the decline of the American and Israeli powers … which is expressed in qualitative method and descriptive - analytical technique .

The Palestinian issue has been one of the most significant events in the Middle East in recent century, engaging almost all countries worldwide and especially the regional players. Iran has been no exception in this regard and has endeavored to determine its role in the wake of the establishment of Israel. The Iranian government's stance and discourse at that time could be defined as one of ambiguity and cautious approval. This article makes a survey of Pahlavi regime's discourses in order to explain the whys and the wherefores of its recognizing Israel and the background and framework of this recognition by using practical discourse analysis method.

In humanities, the concept known as "soft power" is used to describe the ability to indirectly influence the behavior of others through the means that contrast with the so-called "hard power". On the national level, soft power is defined as the capabilities of a state to influence the prevailing behavior patterns by employing certain tools. Culture is a potential source from which these tools originate. Cinema as a popular medium of mass communication is a significant cultural tool of exercising soft power. "Resistance Identity", on the other hand, is a concept that explains a certain type of relationship between identity and power. Resistance identity is promoted by the actors who find themselves in a situation of being devalued by the dominant norms. Promotion of resistance identity is mainly aimed at constructing a defensive identity against the dominant social institutions and at emphasizing the lines of distinction. This research begins with explaining the concept of soft war as viewed by Joseph Nye and the concept of resistance identity as viewed by Manuel Castells. It then proceeds with studying the historical development of the cinema of Palestine in order to analyze the process through which cinema evolved into a resistance identity and a tool of soft power for the state of Palestine. A study of the various periods of the Palestinian cinema shows how Palestinian filmmakers have employed cinema as a tool to resist the hard power which thereafter turns into a tool of soft power thanks to the success of the Palestinian filmmakers on the international arena.

The archetypal literary criticism based on psychoanalytic literary criticism is one of the main approaches of contemporary literary criticism to discover the nature and the characteristics of mythology and archetypes, along with their roles in the literature.
This study aimed to investigate the archetype “death and rebirth” in the poetry of Mohammad al-Qaisi, a contemporary Palestinian poet, as well as the way this aspect of human beings’ collective unconscious has been reflected in his poems. It was hypothesized that the poet was aware of the collective unconscious of mind and the archetypes. In order to deepen the meaning of his poems, al-Qaisi was inspired by different texts such as those Islamic attempting to defamiliarize mythologies and archetypes. This study was an attempt to answer the question whether it is possible to scrutinize the poems of al-Qaisi through the perspective of archetypes – more specifically the archetype “death and rebirth”. The findings of this study show that the poems of this poet can be analyzed in terms of psychoanalytic criticism especially the collective unconscious, mythologies, and archetypes. Employing the archetype “death and rebirth” is one of the approaches of the poet to describe the pains and misery of the Palestinian people and the future of this people

Contemporary poets have enjoyed the effect of colour on man''sspirit and used them to express their feelings about social and political matters. FadavaToghan as an influentialPalestinian poet has used colours in her poems to reflect people''s pains، wishes and hopes. Woman''s feeling and the delicate spirit of the poet on the one hand and political and social situations dominated on Palestine land on the other hand have urged her to use colour. In this research، an analytical-descriptive method was applied and the most frequent concepts of colour have been extracted from her poetry book. The findings show that black، green and red have been the most frequent colours. In her works، green would stand for happiness، hope، beauty، movementand/or Palestine and the nature of the country. Black would stand for sadness، hopelessness، oppression، and the presence of Zionists. Red would mean martyr''s blood، national rise and movement.

Palestinian women have not only collaborated with men in issues such as social, political and cultural affairs but also in literary fields. They have even been pioneer in some fields. A number of senses of contemporary Palestinian poetries have been considered by both genders which include different types of sentimental poetries such as ghazals and love poems. Although ghazal has been among the most important types of Palestinian poetry for long, there are certain differences between female ghazals and the male ones, which is an indication of physical and psychological differences between them. This research tries to study those differences and to find out the reasons. The research methods have been documentary and library methods. As a result women, in their poems, pay less attention to physical and beauty attractions in their love poems. Instead, sentimental symbols have been considered by female poets and they use more codes and metaphors compared to male poets.

The Mandaee Saebeen, with a deep historical background, was among the known groups in Islamic culture and civilization. The Quran has placed them among the People of the Book. The historical events related to the Saebeen's religious and social life in the Palestinian territories that are mentioned in the oral tradition and Holy Scriptures of Mandaee Saebeen shows that the Palestinian territory was their early origin. Their migration toward Mesopotamia had been under the influence of external factors – foreign invasion– as well as internal factors – the conflict with the Jews. The religious tolerance of Achaemenid and Parthian governments was effective in the continuity of religious life of Saebeen in Mesopotamia as a part of Achaemenid to Sassanid Empire and ameliorated their immigration to the south-west parts of Iran, Khuzestan. Saebeen, from their first entry to the geographical domain of Iran in Khuzestan up to now (2010 AD), have experienced religious and social ups and downs with hardships and openings. However, in recent years, with the declaration of Ayatollah Khamenei that they are among the People of the Book, there opened a new chapter of Saebeen's historical presence in Iran and provided an easy course to their religious and social life. This study, with a purely historical approach, and with a consideration of historical sources, tries to give a clear picture of Saebeen and differentiate them from star-worshippers.

In the eyes of contemporary Palestinian poets the Occupied Land illustrates a sweetheart boasting an endless number of ravishing names. The poet gets their way through to their sweetheart (homeland) by a figment of their imagination and takes a specific and different look at it. After the start of hardships in Palestine and its occupation at the pinnacle of crises, the “woman” was looked at as a symbol to express feelings and show the strong love of homeland. For this very reason, in order to motivate their hopeless citizens, they have pictured Palestine allegorically as a beauty incarcerated and the youths struggle to set her free with bestowing their lives. The gender of Muslim Palestinian poets has definitely been affective on quality of the way of they utilize the symbol and their opinion towards it. This study seeks to find the symbolic points of views of Palestinian poets through the works and ideas of two prominent poets of that land: Fadavi Toqan and Abou Salma.

Palestinian woman poets have frequently used mythical concepts, especially those of God's messengers, in their poems, and they have sometimes been inspired by these myths. Although myths have ancient origins, they endow the contemporary poet's thoughts with a deep scope, while, at the same time, the poet reprocesses them and give them the present day flavour. Therefore, most poems by Palestinian woman poets are full of teeming with mythical beliefs and teachings; beliefs that begin from the earliest moments of the dawn of creation and continue up to the last moment of the poet's life. The present study deals with the mythical worldview in the poems by Palestinian woman poets and how they have utilised the myths of God's prophets in their poems.

If we study the contemporary Palestinian poetry of the last century we will find that the theme of nationhood and motherland dominates it. One reason is the fact that during this period Palestine has been through such events that has ignited a sense of patriotism, a wish to defend of the motherland and the Arabic origin of the Palestinian people. Since the Balfour Declaration, the endeavour to enforce it and the repression of the Paletinians during the uprisings of 1936-1948, and especially after the 1967 war, have contributed to the cause of Palestinian nationalism. It is natural therefore that contemporary Palestinian poetry should be in tune with popular aspirations in promoting the spirit of patriotism

A group of Palestinians became refugees in neighboring Arab countries after their homeland was occupied by Israel. Other part of the population continued to reside in the occupied country at Karate Gerbil and Ghazi, but they have lost the peace, and the political stability and establishment. Consequently, this disordered situation affected Palestinian poetry.Refugee status, exile, massacre, pillage, confiscation of the land and the property, demolition and destruction, etc caused the Palestinian poets to reflect their compatriot's endless sufferings post 1948. This has strengthened the Palestinians’ adherence to their national poetry. Thus, the spirit of the resistance and the liberation of the occupied homeland have become the main goal of the Palestinian Mojahids to promote and support the National Palestinian Movement

On April 14, 2002, Israel decided to construct a separation barrier in the Western Bank of Jordan river. The social, economic and human implications of this decision for the Palestinian people drove the UN General Assembly to file a case for the issue at the International Tribunal in December 2003 in order to seek judgement about the consequences of the action. This was issued on July 9, 2004. This article intends to examine the problem from the point of view of the UN Charter, UN Resolutions, International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights and then explain the legal consequences of the breach of international law as a result of the construction of the wall as viewed by the Tribunal in regard to Israel, third parties and the UN.