مواد مخدر

Addiction and depression are the problems of today›s society, and students involved in addiction endanger individual, family, and social health with harmful behaviors and destructive consequences. The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of spiritual therapy on improving depression, social anxiety, and preventing drug use in students.

The research method was a semi-experimental applied research conducted using a qualitative-quantitative method. The statistical population of the study included all 12-7 year old female students in Isfahan city in the academic year 1402-1401, of which 40 were selected through cluster sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. After designing a spirituality treatment package based on positive psychology,. To collect data, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Spielberger Inventory (STAI), and to measure anxiety, the Addiction Propensity Questionnaire (IAPS) were used before and after treatment. The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of positive psychology-based spirituality group therapy, while the control group did not receive any treatment.

The findings showed that spiritual therapy based on positive psychology is effective on depression (p<0.001), social anxiety (p<0.001), and prevention of drug use (p<0.001).

The results of the study showed that spiritual therapy based on positive psychology can be effective in improving symptoms of depression and social anxiety and preventing students from using drugs.

Currently, many organizations are responsible for the prevention, fight, and treatment of drug addiction. It can be said that all the responsible organizations, especially Faraja and the welfare organization, are interacting with each other in the management of this issue and are experiencing challenges due to the existence of selective measures. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of identifying the interactive challenges of Faraja and the welfare organization in controlling drug addiction.

The current research was an applied research in the framework of a qualitative approach and was carried out using thematic analysis method. The participants of the research included 14 experts from the Faraja Anti-Narcotics Police and the Welfare Organization in Greater Tehran, who were selected as participants in the research through a purposeful judgment method. The researcher achieved theoretical and thematic saturation in the 13th person. To calculate the reliability of the interview results, reliability method between two coders and Cohen›s kappa reliability coefficient were used. In this research, MAXQDA software was used to analyze qualitative data.

It showed that the total number of identified challenges was in the form of 55 themes, which were finally reduced to 10 organizing themes and 4 inclusive themes in the axial coding process.

According to the obtained results, the identified challenges were presented in the form of prevention and treatment challenges, service challenges, confrontation and struggle challenges, and culture and education challenges. Implementation of joint and coordinated advertisements and trainings, production and distribution of appropriate and targeted content that can cover the needs of both organizations, design of applications in virtual space by both organizations and appropriate and coordinated implementation of consulting programs. and individual treatments were among the most important suggestions of the present research in order to solve the challenges.

The purpose of this research is to explain the concept of narcoterrorism as an important and organized international crime and its effects on crimes such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and terrorism financing, as well as to explain new methods of money laundering by narcoterrorists in order to legitimize income from drug trafficking.

This research is of an applied type and is carried out by descriptive-analytical method using library sources such as books, articles, and theses.

The findings show that drug terrorism is a new concept and the result of the connection between drug trafficking and the activities of terrorist groups, which is related to some crimes such as money laundering and terrorism financing and causes their expansion; on the other hand, drug trafficking as one of the illegal economic activities has a huge income, for the purification of which they resort to the crime of money laundering and use various methods to legitimize the income from the sale of drugs.

The results of this research indicate that narcoterrorism as one of the organized crimes has widespread effects on society and national security. Narcoterrorism not only leads to the expansion of drug trafficking but also contributes to the formation of complex networks of money laundering and corruption. Drug traffickers use various methods to launder the proceeds from the sale of drugs. One of these methods is the purchase of real estate, which allows them to convert their illegal income into legal assets. Also, the purchase of works of art and investment in financial markets, especially digital currencies, are other common methods of money laundering.

Urban regeneration is an effective tool for reducing drug-related crimes in dilapidated areas. The Gajil neighborhood of Tabriz, due to its defenseless urban spaces and inadequate infrastructure, provides a suitable environment for the growth of drug-related crimes. The main goal of this research is to analyze the role of urban regeneration in reducing drug-related crimes in the dilapidated spaces of the Gajil neighborhood of Tabriz, relying on the perspectives of experts using structural equations.

This research has been conducted using a quantitative approach and field observations. The main tool for data collection was a questionnaire, and the statistical population of the research includes experts in the field of urban planning and law enforcement. Due to the lack of an accurate statistical population, Cochran›s formula was used to determine the sample size in unlimited population conditions, and the sample size was calculated to be 120 people. This number was considered appropriate given the nature of the research and the need for sufficient data for analysis. The data were analyzed using SmartPLS software and the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method.

The findings show that urban security, with a path coefficient of 0.75, has the strongest direct statistical relationship with the reduction of drug-related crimes. Spatial and infrastructural factors, with a path coefficient of 0.72, indicate the role of regenerating public spaces in reducing gatherings of vulnerable individuals. Also, socio-cultural factors, with a path coefficient of 0.65, play an important role in this area by strengthening social interactions and cultural programs. Economic and public health indicators are also indirectly effective in reducing crimes, with coefficients of 0.62 and 0.55, respectively.

The results show that urban regeneration, especially through strengthening security, improving infrastructure, and increasing social interactions, can play a key role in reducing drug-related crimes. These results are based on statistical analysis and emphasize identifying meaningful relationships between variables, not definitive causal relationships.

Addiction is one of the most important and biggest social problems in Iran today. It is noteworthy that addiction and drugs cannot be studied alone because these cases also bring other harms with them. For example, drugs can never be studied without considering the terms trafficking and economic corruption. In this regard, this research was formed with the aim of studying police mechanisms in combating and preventing drug trafficking. The word police in laws and regulations as well as in public opinion has generally been associated with the concept of suppressing crime and punishment, but since the beginning of the 1970s, with the acceptance of the institution of prevention as a new realm of criminal policy alongside its traditional realm of suppression, a new vision of the police mission in society has emerged. The results of the research show that the police currently have a variety of mechanisms to combat and prevent drug trafficking, but the use of these mechanisms faces some obstacles with administrative and legal problems. In this regard, it is suggested that the legal system supporting police mechanisms be reviewed and the obstacles facing these mechanisms be removed.

Alcohol and other drug use impose significant costs on society, with an estimated annual cost of $185 billion for alcohol and $181 billion for drug use and its consequences in the United States. Drug use not only has negative effects on public health but also on human development. Family socioeconomic status is associated with drug use, but there is little consensus on how this relationship works. A variety of effects on children and adolescents, including cognition, health behaviors, antisocial behaviors, and educational achievement, have been linked to family SES. In this article, we examine the relationship between youth socioeconomic status and drug use during adolescence, when drug use peaks. Using a study uniquely suited to providing field data obtained from youth and reports of substance use, we examine how family socioeconomic status can help explain who is at higher risk for substance use in youth. and it can be useful to solving the problem

Globally, there is emerging evidence that narcotics policing is moving away from traditional enforcement interventions toward a greater focus on harm reduction. Signs of this change include alternatives to criminalization in the form of diversion programs wanted by the police. This article examines the extent to which the new orientations in the narcotics police are reflected in the change of the police culture. The key change is to help the police from criminalizing people who use drugs. Another goal is to advance theoretical discussions about factors affecting cultural change in the police organization. According to the extensive qualitative study of the challenges, innovations and reforms in the anti-narcotics police, these findings show the transformative effect of some experiences on the values that police officers have and how to understand and recognize the harmful effects of drugs. Their role and effect is in deviating some statistical crimes in the anti-narcotics law, including drug use. These findings also show how the change of ideas and approaches in the field of police has strengthened and facilitated the changes in the culture and performance of the police. The estimation of this study is that cultural change can give critical reflection to police training through experiential learning and practical approach.

Addiction and substance abuse are among the most significant challenges facing human societies. Various programs have been designed and implemented worldwide to reduce consumption and treat this condition. One such program, with over two decades of relatively successful application in Iran, is the Narcotics Anonymous (NA) program. Acceptance and implementation of its twelve-step program transform a helpless and suffering addict into a committed recovering addict. Although this program envisions a promising perspective where participants develop a satisfactory connection with God and dedicate their entire effort to fulfilling God's will in their lives, it may, despite initial substance control, cause detrimental effects on participants' religious knowledge and beliefs, potentially leading to relapse and renewed addiction. These adverse effects, rooted in the program's humanistic and secular foundations, might result in participants becoming indifferent or even antagonistic toward social values and religious culture. This study, adopting a positive view of the twelve-step program, aims to intervene in its delivery by integrating Iranian-Islamic values to enhance participants' steadfastness, deepen their connection with God, and consequently reduce relapse-inducing temptations. The research is based on the author's ten years of lived experience in various NA programs. Data were collected through documentary and field methods and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The findings suggest that incorporating concepts such as self-awareness (nafs-shināsī), reliance on God (tawakkul), self-accountability (muḥāsabah al-nafs), submission and humility before divine commands, continuous observance of piety (taqwā), meticulous attention to others' rights (ḥaqq al-nās), and encouragement to spread goodness can significantly prevent relapse, substance reuse, and moral and ideological deviations among NA members.

The objective of this study was to design a model for the social reintegration of males with drug-related offenses in Kerman Prison.

This study was qualitative based on a grounded theory approach. The study population consisted of all university professors, judges, judicial experts, police, prison administrators, and Addiction treatment centers affiliated with medical sciences and the welfare organization of Kerman city. Twenty-one participants were selected through purposeful sampling and data saturation technique. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews, and analysis was conducted using thematic analysis.

The results revealed 77 initial codes categorized into 11 main categories: building public trust, economic support, creating protective shields, creating sustainable employment, social and psychological support, creating motivation, improving social relationships, environmental improvement, monitoring and follow-up of inmates, achieving relative independence, and creating a sense of life satisfaction.

Successful social reintegration can be considered a significant economic, social, and cultural issue to deter young people from substance use and reduce criminal motivations in society.

The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the methods of influencing and neutralizing peer pressure in students' drug use.

The research employed a qualitative approach based on phenomenology. The research population consisted of students residing in the dormitories of Larestan Higher Education Complex during the academic year 2023-2024. Thirty individuals were purposefully selected using data saturation technique. Data collection was conducted through in-depth semi-structured interviews, and data analysis was performed using the Colaizzi's method.

Following the analysis of the interviews, four main categories were identified: absent peer influence, passive influence methods, active peer influence methods, and effective coping methods. The most significant coping strategy was the utilization of time perspective concerning career, education, health, and the fear of drug addiction.

Given the efficacy of coping strategies in managing peer influence, these methods can be utilized to educate individuals on how to resist peer pressure. This discovery highlights the importance of implementing strategies to address peer influence in the agenda of university health officials.

The aim of the current study was to assess the feasibility of implementing a growth-oriented prevention model to address the tendency to use narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs among children of England in Iran.

The research methodology involved a combination of review and Delphi analysis. The study's statistical population comprised 16 criminology experts. Qualitative analysis was conducted using thematic analysis, while quantitative analysis utilized statistical measures of central tendency.

Data analysis through item analysis revealed four key areas of growth-oriented prevention at the individual, family, social, and school levels, defined by 42 sub-criteria. The results of the analysis of experts' opinions showed that growth-oriented prevention at the family level in Iran is more important than at other levels. Additionally, growth-oriented prevention at the school level ranked second, at the social level ranked third, and at the individual level ranked fourth.

Lessons from developed countries in crime prevention can be adapted with minor adjustments as effective strategies in countries like Iran.

The purpose of the present study was to explain the methods of socialization in the fight against drugs in Iranian society.

The method of this research was qualitative and thematic analysis. The statistical population of the present study was the executive or staff officials in the specialized anti-narcotics police of Faraja, the anti-narcotics headquarters, and the professors of the Department of Social Sciences of the University of Police Sciences, from whom 15 people were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews, and thematic analysis was used for data analysis.

Following the data coding process, 42 basic themes, 38 mediating themes, and 12 overarching themes were identified during the open coding stage. According to the results, the platforms of the fight against drugs included knowledge and capacity building, trust and social responsibility and effective elements such as social institutions (family, schools, neighborhoods, non-governmental organizations, and religious institutions) and social groups (occupational, sports, and reference groups). It can be implemented through family-oriented, education-oriented, neighborhood-oriented, non-governmental, economy-oriented, health-oriented, and culture-oriented activities. Faraja participation is effective through preventive supervision focused on education.

Strengthening the platforms of socialization, appropriate planning for social groups with the capacity to participate, preventive supervision based on education and strengthening all-round education in Faraja are crucial socialization measures in the fight against substances.

The aim of this study was to compare impulsivity and craving among stimulant dependents, opiate dependents, and individuals susceptible to addiction.

This research was causal-comparative. The statistical population of the study included all opiate-dependent and stimulant-dependent men who sought treatment at outpatient addiction treatment centers in Tabriz, as well as students from Tabriz Payam-e-Noor University. Among these, 150 individuals were selected using convenience sampling: 50 opiate-dependent individuals, 50 stimulant-dependent individuals, and 50 students with high scores on the addiction readiness scale. They completed the Barratt impulsivity scale, the craving beliefs questionnaire, and the addiction potential scale. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).

The findings revealed significant differences in impulsivity and craving among the three groups. Stimulant and opiate-dependent individuals exhibited higher levels of impulsivity and craving compared to those prone to addiction. Moreover, stimulant-dependent individuals showed higher levels of impulsivity and craving than opiate-dependent individuals.

The elevated impulsivity and craving in substance-dependent individuals compared to those prone to addiction underscore the cognitive challenges associated with addiction. The heightened intensity of craving and impulsivity in stimulant-dependent individuals compared to opiate-dependent individuals may be attributed to the pharmacological properties of these substances.

The aim of this study was to propose a management model for socially preventing women's substance addiction.

The research method employed was qualitative and involved thematic analysis. The statistical population consisted of experts and specialists in police management, drug control managers, and university professors. Sixteen individuals were purposefully selected for the study. Data was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews, and thematic analysis was used for data analysis.

Following the data coding process, 63 basic themes were identified in the open coding stage, along with 3 organizing themes related to growth-oriented, community-oriented, and environmental prevention components. Additionally, 3 overarching themes were derived. The research findings at the macro level indicated that implementing strategic and comprehensive social prevention programs focusing on addressing economic issues, raising awareness, promoting cultural values, and fostering collaboration between civil institutions and government agencies were effective in preventing women's addiction. Furthermore, at the intermediate level, measures such as targeting vulnerable areas, enhancing social support, and implementing screening and treatment, and at the micro level, providing individual skills training, empowerments, and reinforcing religious beliefs, were identified as hopeful strategies for preventing women's addiction.

The study results emphasized the importance of considering three levels—macro, intermediate, and micro—in formulating an effective model for preventing women's addiction. Recommendations include revising policies and programs, implementing cultural, educational, and economic initiatives, highlighting the role of the family institution, empowering vulnerable women, and prioritizing prevention over treatment to address women's addiction effectively.

Repeated drug use is one of the most common problems faced by people with addiction. Repeated relapse into drug use causes various harms to those around the addict and also discourages the addict. Present study aimed to investigation the role of criminological factors of repeated addiction of women after treatment during – 2012 2019 in East Azerbaijan. The approach of this paper was the investigation of addicted women in female rehabilitation center in East Azerbaijan province.

The research method is a survey and the data required to test these hypotheses were collected through a questionnaire along with interviews and by sampling method available from 140 addicted women in the Bagh Fereshteh Center in Tabriz and Athar Maragheh who have referred to the centers more than twice and 140 people from the control group who have been stable for more than two years. The questionnaire was validated through content validity and the Cronbach›s alpha technique was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire. Krams and gamma correlation coefficients and linear multivariate regression were statistically analyzed using SPSS software.

results of study showed that access to drugs, communication with addicted friends and peers, labeling from society and presence of an addicted person in family have effect on restoration of women to drugs.

regarding to physiological differences, it is necessary that a compiled programs are developed and women addiction took seriously and precisely, so it will prevent women’s resorting to substance abuse for right steps in treatment scope.

Abstract Considering that Faraja can be successful in order to deal with drug crimes by adopting appropriate policies and strategies in the field of management, for this reason, the purpose of the present research is to analyze the performance of police disciplinary measures in dealing with drug crimes.This research is among applied researches and in terms of descriptive-analytical methodology, it was done on a mixed basis. The statistical population in the qualitative and quantitative part of the present research consists of commanders, managers, deputies, heads of departments and external organizations involved in the fight against drugs. Also, spss25 software was used for data analysis. In this research, the performance components of police disciplinary actions in dealing with drug crimes were investigated.Based on the results, it can be concluded that the difference between the ranks is significant. Among the policing measures, "sealing and destroying places and hangouts of drug use" had the most impact on the performance of policing measures of the police in dealing with drug crimes. Conclusion Analyzing the performance of law enforcement measures in dealing with drug crimes in the current situation where society's demands are increasing day by day, is very important and fundamental, and it is necessary to organize and modify executive action planning and in the field of increasing drug detections. in North Khorasan province to provide a suitable platform to achieve this goal.

One of the social problems of today's world, which severely affects the social security of societies, is the problem of narcotics and its increasing influence in the society. This research aims to determine the impact of drug-related crimes on the sense of security of the people of Tehran.

The current applied research has a survey nature that was carried out with a quantitative approach in 1402. The statistical population of the research includes all citizens over 18 years of age in Tehran and the sample size according to the Cochran formula is 392 people. Random sampling was done in the 17th district of Tehran. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire with 3 dimensions and 18 items, whose face and content validity was approved by experts and its reliability was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha of 0.953. Data analysis was done using SPSS software and single-sample t-test and Friedman's rank test.

The significance level of the test of all the research hypotheses is equal to 0.00 and less than the error level of 0.05, and all the research hypotheses were accepted.

Drug crimes have an impact on the sense of security of the citizens of Tehran, and the components: drug production, drug buying and selling, opening a place, drug use, production of drug use devices and drug storage, respectively, have the greatest impact on the citizens' sense of security. They appropriated the city of Tehran.