نقد

Despite the unparalleled scholarly stature of Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī, a sufficiently rigorous effort to revive and properly present his valuable works has yet to be realized. Many of his writings remain unpublished in the form of reliable critical editions. This article offers a critical review of the edited collection of Ṭūsī’s writings and correspondences published under the title Ajwibat al-Masāʾil al-Naṣīriyya, edited by the late Shaykh ‛Abdullāh Nūrānī. Major shortcomings of this edition include the neglect of multiple reliable manuscripts, incorrect readings, omissions, and typographical errors. The edition fails to adhere to established principles of textual criticism and consequently presents texts replete with various inaccuracies, rendering the edition of limited academic credibility and trustworthiness.

The most recent edition of the Dīvān of Abū al-Faraj Rūnī, prepared by Dr. Maryam Maḥmūdī and based on four manuscripts, was published in 2019 (1398 SH) by Sokhan Press. At the end of the volume appears a section of annotations followed by a 14-page, double-column glossary of difficult words and phrases found in the Dīvān. Such end-of-text glossaries are valuable tools for lexicographers, editors, and scholars interested in linguistic and philological studies. However, in an age where smart indexing tools are widely available, publishing a glossary without page numbers can be seen as a shortcoming. This article briefly addresses several flaws in the edition and critically examines some issues in the glossary. In addition to textual misreadings that have found their way into the glossary, certain definitions seem inconsistent with the poetic context in which the words occur—suggesting that the compiler relied solely on dictionaries without sufficient attention to contextual usage. The glossary could be significantly improved in future editions by including additional entries and cross-references.

Criticism of subject education in educational systems is important from two aspects; Both from the genealogical aspect and the historical evolution of the subject, and from the perspective of the ruling concepts of anthropology and the understanding of internal and external contradictions and inconsistencies in presenting this desirable image, which can in practice carry a hidden subject or subjects that even Sometimes it takes a different path with a desirable and explicit subject.Regarding the ideal subject and human being and the style of Iran’s educational system, which is specified in the upper level documents, it should be said that these documents seek to educate a faithful human being who, while having a religious orientation throughout his life, considers his desired goal to be close to God, serving God and living a good life, but, many academic, moral issues, social damages and indifference to religious and national values ​​that have made the society’s mind pessimistic about the outputs and performance of the education system, show that this system has not been able to find students in To guide a clear and consistent image of how to live and relate to oneself, society, culture and history, religion, ethics, modernity, etc.In finding the root of the above problem and reviewing and criticizing the upper level documents of the educational system, it seems that these documents, which came out after solving the problem of “ being imported” of the educational system, have some ambiguities and internal contradictions in compiling and including the requirements related to human beings, which causes confusion And increases his indecision.The purpose of the current research is to review and criticize the upstream documents and find points in them that can generate ambiguities and contradictions that often cause the subject’s confusion and have angles and differences with the subject’s inherent capabilities, and therefore, will figure reactions contrary to the expectations of the educational system in the subject Therefore, we seek to answer this question: “What kind of subject is supported by the documents and discourse governing Iran’s education system and which criticism is there on this subject?”

The current research has been conducted with a qualitative design and its data collection is done by referring to educational documents such as the theoretical foundations of the fundamental transformation of education, the fundamental transformation of education, the national curriculum document as the main documents, as well as other contents and researches in Access to the state of the human education system or its desired subject and its criticism has been obtained.The main approach of the research is a critical approach and using the method of negative or internal criticism as well as external criticism, and in this regard, the inductive qualitative content analysis method has also been used.

The findings of the present research lead us to the issue that although the desirable person of the educational system and its explicit image in the documents is a “faithful subject” and transcendent, but due to the inadequacies, contradictions and inconsistencies in the text of the documents, the outcome and output It will not be a believing subject (with all its belongings), but a human being who has a kind of “suspension” or in other words a “suspended subject”.The suspension of a subject who is surrounded by ambiguities and the lack of clarity and explanation about himself, the current realities of life and the feeling of non-self in the school discourse, and a child who is not the target of documents and therefore becomes a means of realizing ideology and does not have a full existence.This suspense and ambiguity is the result of the attitude and performance of the educational system, and although a small group of people, due to the favorable environment of religious life and the internalization of teachings and the adaptation of religious and mystical experiences to what they have reached their rational understanding, can manifest the subject and Be religious, but a large number of people, as a result of the continuation of the suspension, engage in active and passive resistance, and both forms of resistance are forms of the forced reaction of the subject due to his inherent agency and his desire to act and rebel against limitations and excesses.

In recent years, the editing of classical texts has captivated many enthusiasts. However, like all endeavors, this task requires certain skills and qualifications that not everyone possesses. Consequently, many ancient texts presented today as "editions" are riddled with serious errors and contribute to cultural and intellectual losses. Among the recently published works is "The Divan of Mahmoud Bakrani" and "The Divan of Rukn Bakrani," which the editors have unfortunately filled with glaring and numerous errors. In this article, we highlight some of these numerous mistakes.

The global rise of K-pop has blurred cultural boundaries, attracting a massive international following. One such group, BLACKPINK, has gained immense popularity with music videos featuring young women and a singular gender perspective. This article employs a feminist rhetorical framework to analyze three of their most-viewed videos: "Shut Down" (2022), "Ddu-Du Ddu-Du" (2018), and "Boombayah" (2016). By examining these videos as cultural artifacts, we aim to investigate how the rhetor employs Identifying Strategies of Disruption -Generating Multiple Perspectives, Cultivating Ambiguity, Reframing, Resourcement, Enacting, Juxtaposing Incongruities-to challenge hegemonic gender norms. Analysis of the videos' textual and visual elements revealed the use of strategies such as Generating Multiple Perspectives , reframing, enacting as well as Juxtaposing Incongruities. The primary themes in Boombayah, Ddu-Du Ddu-Du, and Shut Down are obsessive love, female autonomy, and resilience and progress, respectively. Furthermore, this rhetorical analysis of BLACKPINK's music videos succinctly demonstrates a shift in frames through the subversion of existing gender norms and an attempt to establish new values of femininity. Power feminism is a prominent feature of these videos, which actively challenge the notion of victimhood. The underlying presence of lesbian feminism suggests a resistance to gender inequality, while elements of girl feminism complete the puzzle of diverse feminist representations within these artifacts. Furthermore, from a sociological perspective, BLACKPINK can be attributed three primary functions: identity, economic, and political. Their music videos are imbued with power feminism values that often clash with dominant gender norms in societies like Iran. Traditional gender roles and values remain prevalent in Iranian families, even in those with democratic structures, perpetuating a notion of compliant femininity. Consequently, adolescent girls who embrace these resistant feminine values can create tension within their families. Moreover, the identity-forming function of these music videos and the cultivation of a counterculture extend beyond challenging gender norms. Their anti-hegemonic nature has the potential to challenge other dominant values as well, suggesting a capacity for collective action. The third function, the economic role of groups like BLACKPINK, is particularly evident in their recent music videos. By cultivating a large fanbase and serving as brand ambassadors, these groups transform fans into consumers. In countries like Iran, access to luxury brands requires significant financial resources, which can be challenging given the current economic conditions. Consequently, many Iranian adolescents and young adults experience a sense of relative deprivation. This heightened sense of deprivation can escalate the potential for collective violence. Such potential may manifest as aggression directed towards others or may result in feelings of frustration and social depression among young people.

The book "Topics in Advanced Organizational Behavior Management" is authored by Dr. Gholamreza Malekzadeh, a respected member of the Faculty of Management, Faculty of Administrative and Economic Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. This book, which is the second edition was printed and bound by Esfand Publishing House and Printing Affairs of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. This book is arranged into eleven chapters and it is a good example of how the central features of organizational research are affected by changes in the structures and features of contemporary organizations and what kind of dynamics and features are emerging in the new research fields are also explained. Considering the importance of case studies for a better understanding of course materials, it is necessary to address this topic. The purpose of this article is to review and criticize the book on advanced organizational behavior management. The method of evaluating and criticizing this work is documentary-analytical and in accordance with the proposed model of the Council for the Review of Texts and Books of Human Sciences in the framework of the general introduction, examining the form and content of the work. The most important part of the review of any book is its content evaluation. From this point of view, examining the strengths of this book, it is possible to mention that the learning objectives provide a summary and questions for self-examination at the beginning and end of the chapters, use the model in practice, and analyze the topics of organizational behavior management. Presenting related materials and practical questions in line with discussion and consensus in the class, closing the gaps in the discussed theoretical topics by referring to the real events in the environment of organizations, and using logical order in the order of placement of the researched items are all among the positive points of the book. Pointing out the weaknesses, the non-compliance and coverage of the presented headings with the headings approved by the Ministry of Science, neglecting the use of the list of figures, diagrams, and tables, the lack of a list of terms and keywords (glossary), the non-use of up-to-date Persian and Latin sources and the lack of mentioning some of the sources inside the text in the list of sources can be enumerated. In the end, it can be said that by adding new topics and new sources, fixing editing and writing points, and mentioning the excavations of Iranian organizations, we can add value to the richness of this book.

The present study criticizes the book “Foundations of Curriculum Planning of Elementary Education” by Musapour with a descriptive and analytical approach in two dimensions of form and content. In order to analyze, the method of criticism was used which is based on the "guidelines for preparing critical articles for scientific research publications, critical research papers of humanities texts and programs". After the general introduction of the work, in the first step, the points and shortcomings of the book's shape and form dimensions were pointed out. In this context, the book's cover and design, the analysis of the book's editing and writing rules, and the list of sources and sources were examined respectively. In this context, respectively attention was paid to the description, analysis, and content criticism of the book and the strengths and weaknesses of its content dimensions. In this context, respectively the appropriateness of the title and table of contents with the content of the book, the separation of the chapters of the book, and the organization and coherence of the content and presentation of the content were investigated. It was also analyzed for its novelty and applicability of the content. In the end, it can be stated that the content of the book failed to meet the reader's expectations by emphasizing the three features of the basics of lesson planning, familiarity with the lesson planning of elementary education, and practicality, and it has provided suggestions to improve the work.

One of the works of Allāma Mīr Hāmed Hussein is his first Manhaj known as "Abaqāt," recently, the section containing the verses of this Manhaj has been researched, edited and published by Mohammad Javad Rajabzadeh. This writing provides a critical examination of the conducted research and highlights some shortcomings in the adopted research methods. Numerous errors in reading the text of the manuscript, lack of precise comparison with existing manuscripts, failure to observe fidelity in reflecting the text of the manuscript, and insufficient comparison of many citations with sources are among the deficiencies of this research. Although it is rare to find a research free from these flaws, what has happened in the mentioned research, and what we seek to prove, is the multiplicity and diversity of mistakes related to the mentioned issues. In this writing, after explaining the shortcomings and some of their reasons, we present 65 pieces of errors from the edited text as a handful of examples. In the course of discussing the shortcomings and their solution, in addition to proving the need for a critical review of the first Manhaj of Abaqāt, practical insights and points for those interested in the field of manuscript edition will be addressed.

Following the publication of the translation of the Quran by Mohammad Ali Kusha, Mr. Ali Zahidpour introduced and criticized this Quranic work, and his detailed article was published in the 199th issue of the "Ayeneh Pajhuhesh". This article is a response to Mr. Zahid's review of Mohammad Ali Kusha's translation.

The present article introduces, reviews and critiques the book Classics of organization theory: by GM Schafritz and  Steven Ott, translated by Dr. Ali Parsaian which has been published by Termeh Press. The research method is qualitative. This book has been reprinted for the fifth time by Termeh Publications in 2017 and has 1054 pages. The book is in a good condition in the appearance, page layout and page quality. This book includes articles from management figures  such as Fayol, Taylor, Simon, Follett and so on which distinguishes it from other books in the field of organizational theory. In this book, the presentation of generalities at the beginning of every chapter by Schafritz and  Steven Ott along with  the presentation of related articles in every viewpoint  and  presentation of the sources in the end of every article will help to better summarize the content for readers. The disadvantage of translating the book is that its references  were from 1896 to 1990. The newer editions of the English book is available and although two chapters and a collection of articles have been added to the new edition, the  translation of the book needs to be updated.

The present article criticizes the "descriptive glossary of inlay" by Nasrin Tabatabai with a critical descriptive approach. The book was written in 2003. In this regard, the formal and structural aspects of the book in terms of observing the principles of scientific writing as well as content in terms of the importance of the content and what it is have been studied. In a situation where library studies on inlay  are few and with ambiguities, the writing of sources, although with shortcomings, have spiritual values for inlaying. In this book, the author has been able to collect and describe the specialized vocabulary of inlay for the first time, which is valuable and admirable; but at the same time, there are shortcomings in the presentation method, , insufficient and incomplete descriptions in the definitions of specialized words and terms, and the lack of some necessary words. Formally, in terms of writing style, citation system, non-Iranianization of some words, etc. can be seen in the book. Also, in terms of content, there are problems such as the lack of a precise demarcation between the definitions of some entries, the presentation of some short and incomplete definitions, the lack of some necessary words, the lack of proper references and the lack of a list. This research, in addition to explaining the deficiency, has also tried to redefine the words.

Divan Khaqani is one of the texts that requires mental effort to understand; the difficulty of Khaqani's poetry on the one hand and its teaching in different courses of Persian language and literature on the other hand has made commentators interested in its description, and several descriptions and excerpts have been published. One of these books is a book called "Saghar-e Bolourin". This book was written by Mr. Ahmed Ghanipour Malik Shah and Tirgan Publishing published it for the first time in 2019. In addition to the good aspects of this book, there are some problems, and a detailed and complete review of all of them does not fit in one article. Therefore, the most important items have been selected and reviewed here. Semantic problems of some verses, numerous uses of other people's works without referring to them, writing problems, incorrect references, unjustified changes in the text of poems, not following the precise and scientific method in writing and documenting and introducing the list of sources, not introducing the description method, and other requirements of writing a book are among the things that are included in the list of the book shortcomings. While carefully examining the mentioned problems, finally, by showing many inaccuracies in the book, we come to the conclusion that the book needs serious editing and these problems noticeably cast a shadow on the scientific position of the book.

Every country needs a grand model for its progress to transition from the current situation and problems and move towards the desired situation in the future. Therefore, in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the design and approval of the Iranian Islamic model of progress is of strategic importance. The horizon of progress is considered in the basic Islamic model of Iranian progress, the new Islamic civilization. But one of the drawbacks of the basic Iranian Islamic model of progress is that it is not designed and developed based on a civilized approach. In other words, the role and influence of modern Islamic civilization as a horizon of progress in designing the principles and measures of the model has not been seen. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to critique the basic Iranian Islamic model of progress based on the civilization approach using the analytical method. Presenting a conceptual framework based on the civilization approach in order to design the final Iranian Islamic model of progress is one of the results of this study.

Academic textbooks should be written in a way that meets the needs of the audience in various related scientific and research fields. To this end, critical evaluation of academic texts is a vital step in the consistency of any discipline and its curriculum. This need is especially felt in the recently established field of Folklore literature. The books that have been written so far about the basics of this newly established discipline are not more than a limited number, but these studies are expanding day by day, so it is vital to criticize these sources in order to improve the quality of the books. Undoubtedly, every written text has useful and significant aspects, and it probably has some issues that reminding and solving would result in the work`s edition. With this description, in order to achieve such a goal, the present article, with a descriptive-analytical method and a critical approach, reviewed one of the most important books in the field of Folk literature, namely "Folklore Culture". The most important results of this research are shortcomings such as not addressing the research background of the issues raised, generalization in some cases, purely descriptive approach, lack of organized connection between theory and other parts of the book, etc., as well as finding the advantages and innovative aspects of this book. This work, with minor modifications, can be valuable work for researchers in the field of Folk literature.

“Kelileh va Demneh”, translated by Abul Maali Nasrullah bin Muhammad Munshi, is one of the valuable and lasting works of Persian prose of the 6th century, which has been edited and published many times in Iran and abroad. Undoubtedly, the revised edition of Mojtaba Minavi in 1343 in Tehran is the best of them. Among the other corrections and explanations of this book, which researchers do not need to refer to when reading the text of “Kelileh va Demneh”, the correction and annotations are by Ayatollah Hassan Hassanzadeh Amoli, who published the sixth edition of it in 2019 from Bostan publisher. Although Ayatollah Hassan Hassanzadeh Amoli prepared this work from several manuscripts and with Arabic “Kelileh va Demneh”, and he also reminded me of the misreading, distortions, and other defects in the printed documents, the author has found errors and slips in the correction, research, and annotations of Ayatollah Hassan Hassanzadeh Amoli of “Kelileh va Demneh”, which he criticizes and evaluates some of them by comparing the printings of Minawi and Gharib as well as some other manuscripts in this essay.

Although researchers generally agree on the nature and importance of strategic entrepreneurship (SE), various definitions have created confusion. Also, most exiting measures do not take into account the unique characteristics of this construct. The purpose of this paper is to criticize and redefining SE and its measures. By conducting a systematic review of previous research, we identify similarities between definitions of SE. Balancing is the core of SE concept and successful SE capabilities stressed on balance between corporate entrepreneurship and strategic management, opportunity exploration and exploitation, and radical and incremental innovations. In this way, the main section of the papers which are published in the Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal (SEJ) has paid attention to balance strategy and entrepreneurship. This paper reviews three questionnaires that were developed to measure SE. However, only a few studies have used these questionnaires and further studies should be conducted to develop instruments to measure SE.

The book "Poets of Khorasan Literary Field" is one of the literary excerpts written by Dr. Nasrollah Emami for a course of the same name in the undergraduate course of Persian literature. Given the author's background in academic excerpts, the reader expects a well-groomed book to increase students' enthusiasm for further study of one of the most important areas of Persian poetry, but this expectation is not met. In the present article, the most significant drawbacks of the mentioned book include: not so suitable notes for poems, incomplete selection of poems, incorrect explanations for some verses, changing the tastes of words from poems without any explanation about them, deleting some of the sources referred to in the book description, inadequate, inaccurate or unnecessary description, and editorial and writing flaws have been examined. By presenting these problems, the author hopes that the authors of academic literary excerpts will pay more attention to their writings and dress up the book from the mentioned problems in the subsequent editions.