همسرگزینی

In recent decades, many values and social norms in Iran have undergone changes and transformations in parallel with widespread changes around the world. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of developmental idealism beliefs on styles the spouse selection among youths. The research method is based on a survey and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. As a matter of fact, the data was collected through a survey of 608 young people in Yasuj. Findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between the variables of religiosity, developmental idealism, gender attitudes, and attitudes toward the spouse selection. The variables of materialism, cyberspace and Internet use as well as individualism did not have significant relationship with spouse selection styles. According to the final research model, the five variables that were most related to the spouse selection were in accordance with their importance i.e., religiosity, developmental idealism, age and education of the parents. Based on the final model of path analysis, the variables of age, religiosity of parents' education and gender attitudes have had a direct effect on spouse selection styles. The variables of individualism being male, cyberspace use, and attitudes toward marriage have indirectly influenced selection styles through developmental idealism.

In today's Iranian society, with the diversity and expansion of economic, social and cultural capital of individuals, the methods of choosing a spouse have changed. This article explains the sociological impact of capital (economic, social and cultural) on the methods of choosing a spouse. In the theoretical framework, Pierre Bourdieu's view was used. The research method used in this article is a survey and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was both Tehran men and women who have been married for the last ten years. Using cluster sampling method and then the quota of 385 people were selected as a statistical sample. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and the data were analyzed based on descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS22 software, Lisrel structural equation modeling software. Data analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between economic, social and cultural capital with spouse selection methods. Also, using the structural equation model, the effect of social capital (0.75) is cultural capital (0.68) and economic capital (0.66).Keywords: attitude, spouse selection, cultural capital, social capital and economic capital.

Abstract In today's world, the use of the Internet by users is expanding, virtual social networks with a variety of functions that can influence spying methods with their hidden function. This article examines the sociological impact of the performance of virtual social networks on spouse selection practices. In the theoretical framework, the theories of William Good, Giddens and Habermas have been used. The research method used, survey and data collection tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was both men and women in Tehran who have been married for the past five years. Using cluster sampling method and then the quota of 385 people were selected as a statistical sample. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and the data were analyzed based on descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS22 software, Lisrel structural equation modeling software. Data analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between the expansion of the public sphere, the formation of communication understanding, increasing awareness and social mobility with spouse selection methods. Also, using the structural equation model, the effect of expanding the public sphere (0.38), increasing communication understanding (0.56), increasing awareness (0.81) and social mobility (0.56).

Mate- selection is a process that is subject to rules of social values and norms.The purpose of this study is to understand the spouse's choice according to the social context of the Masoomin sira. The method used in this study is historical, probatory and descriptive, so the data are qualitative. The basis of data analysis is discourse analysis. Discourse is both a specific form of language and a particular form of social interaction; therefore, at three levels, social analysis, social cognition, and discourse dimensions, it describes the rules of spouse selection in the Masoomin sira and compares it with the pre-Islamic era.The change in the general social context, from the tribal system to the single political system with the comprehensive laws for all segments of society, and the change of racist and masculine ideology to humanistic across race, ethnicity and gender, and changing attitudes towards women and girls, and their right to choose the future of family life, and Maintain parental respect in the field of spouse selection, are central to Masoomin sira on the rules of marriage. Accordingly, prohibitions on marriage, types of marriage, marriage structure, As mentioned in this article, the criteria and the right to choose a spouse have changed radically in the Masoomin sira compared to the pre-Islamic era. As a result, the social context, the musts and shoulds, the type of social and cultural attitudes and values, are complex and multilateral concerning discourse and vice versa, and change or modification in each affects the other

Marriage is a main experience in personal life and have crucial role in any society. According to this, risky marriage can be create many problems in personal and social life. Risky marriage can become as one of important issue in social studies about family. Risky marriage is a precondition for divorce and marital non-satisfaction. The aim of this study was to explore the risky marriage contexts and dimensions throught woman experinces. The research done in qualitative research approach and grounded theory used as research method. Participants included 33 woman that experienced risky marriage and they are in process of divorce. The research smaple selected by purpusefull sampling method and research data gathered by semi-structured interview. Research data analysed by using theoretical coding in open, axial and selected phases. Results showed that the singlehood conditions is most important context for entering in a riskfull marriage. Family disorganization, parent divorce, the sense on lonliness and family poverty was crucial conditions for having a risky marriage.

In each community to choose a spouse, according to the conditions and requirements of society, there are criteria and norms. In other words, choose a spouse is a social affair and greatly influenced by the dominant values of society. More research in this area are used deductive strategies and quantitative methods to investigate the phenomenon. While this phenomenon in social actors lived experience has subjective dimensions and diverse objective manifestations that are complex at the same time.This research is based on a phenomenological approach to explore the meaning of choose a spouse among young women as a social phenomenon. This phenomenological study was carried out with the participation of fifteen young girls married in the city of Mashhad were chosen purposefully. The results showed that there are three dominant pattern for the selection of a spouse: style based on traditional patterns, style based on friendly interactions, intermediate style (friendly interactions under the supervision of family). Also the criteria making, control of criteria, adaptation, acceptance and final selection represent the original dimensions of spouse selection that shared in the lived experience of participants in the research.

This research with the aim of representation and interpretation of family patterns regarding mate-selection has re-read and classified the texts obtained from the deep interviews with young girls in the city of Qom about their lived experiences. Five family patterns of post-modern family, modern family, in transition family, traditional family, and Islamic family, which are all the result of their corresponding discourses in the today›s society, were represented as family patterns in the current society with the help of discourse analysis and theoretical framework of interpretive sociology, including discourse theory and the David Cheel›s theory of social constructionism. According to the results, it seems that each family pattern is affected by various origins and obvious discourses (consistent with political power) and hidden discourses (inconsistent with political power) and it is in accordance with the emerged social and cultural changes of society and unlike some its positive features, it is also faced with some damages. But the Islamic family pattern has some potential advantages and features which can be introduced as an appropriate pattern.

Regarded as one of the most important concepts in Structuralism, the Theory of Binary Opposition has long been used as a yardstick against which Structuralists measure their researches in the wide realms of Linguistics, Narratives, Philosophy, Cultural Studies, Anthropology, and Psychology. Employing Binary Opposition in Structural Anthropology, Lévi-Strauss aimed to discover human’s cognitive structure in mythology and other various cultural practices, believing that such inevitable oppositions tend to be the first steps of human being has taken to appreciate the world around him. One of the most widely-discussed oppositions in Strauss’ theory tends to be the one between culture and the nature. Regarded as the primary social bond and the outset of human culture, family and kinship, according to him, is against the nature. He discusses that the opposition between exogamy and endogamy (when the members of the same family marry each other) exemplifies the culture/nature opposition. Owing to the high frequency of exogamy in Shah nameh and the following national epics, the present study aimed to examine the afore-said trend in Persian epics as well as to apply the theories of Lévi-Strauss in the analysis of such oppositions. Through these approache, the social background, religion, life, social relationships and kinship contracts governing the society have been investigated. In this regard, according to the structural anthropology theory and the principle of binary oppositions which is the main basis of this theory, oppositions between Iran/Aniran, male/female, patriarchy/matriarchy, father/mother originality and some kinship oppositions between father/son, father/daughter and mother/son have been studied

The main thrust of this paper is to identify the values, attitudes and actions of the young students in their style of choosing spouses and premarital relations as well as studying the level of homogeneity of these values, attitudes and actions with those of the previous generation. Qualitative and survey methods were used and given the sensitivity of the problem, exploratory studies and in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted to prepare the grounds for the implementation of the survey. The students of the universities of Khorasan Razavi constituted the statistical population of the research; sampling method was stratified cluster sampling. The sample constituted 1,400 students of the said universities. The findings of this research indicate that there exist intergenerational and intra-generational differences about the values of choosing one’s spouse and relations with the opposite sex. The students are inclined to choose their spouses themselves. About one-third of the young generation would not agree with friendship of the opposite sexes, while the figure for the previous generation was almost twice this figure (57.2 percent of their families). Half of the youth would accept such a relationship under certain conditions, while the rest would easily accept it. Profounder studies indicate that these ratios acknowledge both intergenerational and intra-generational differences on this issue. The results regarding the kind of relationship with the opposite sex show a gap and polarization of values among the young generation of students. Also there is a significant intergenerational difference in this regard. 40 percent of the young students, besides having positive attitude towards friendship with the opposite sex, have experienced this friendship.

Each society and culture, according to its condition and requirements, makes special circumscriptions, criterions and norms in choosing a spouse. In every culture one may have several alternatives of his/her own opposite sex as a spouse, but spouse choosing is never accidental. In every culture, besides the circumscriptions which is due to the personal values and desires, there are some circumscriptions which are imposed by the society. Till some decades ago, the family organization was responsible for spouse choosing in Iran, but today each person's role has become more important; although cultural and social conditions have some effect on it. Therefore, nowadays spouse choosing is analyzed as an important social action and many theories have been provided for understanding the patterns of the spouse choosing. In this study and in a theoretical level, two important theories (similar spouses and different spouses) are presented as two corrival theories and then according to similarities of these theories, the indicators of the study are made. After that, by using the survey research method throughout the country and the statistical population of five thousand people, we experimentally assess the indicators of the study and these two theories of the spouse choosing. Results show the domination of the similar spouse's theory in Iran. They also show that approximately 90% of people in the external traits, 89% in the psycho-emotional traits, 93% in the personal traits, 68% in the social level characteristics and 88% in the religious beliefs, follow the patterns of the similar spouse's theory. The analytical results also conclusively show that different groups in Iran choose persons who have more similarity with them in the external, psycho-emotional and personal traits as well as the social level and religious characteristics. Although it should be noted that among men and women, the strangeness and weakness of these patterns are different.

The paper aims to study the relationship between romantic love and marital values. Romantic love was defined according to Hendriks'' theory of universal language of love and love triangle theory of Sternberg. Data were gathered through surveys. The sample comprised the couples living in Tehran. 180 of them had normal marital lives and 120 of them were those couples who had got divorced in the first half of the year 1389. The results showed that romantic love before marriage was still important for those couples who now were going to divorce. Therefore، it can be said that romantic love cannot guarantee a happy life. In sum، the findings indicate that among the divorced group، romantic love had the most significant correlation with sexual chemistry، while in couples having a successful marriage، romantic love was correlated with the following marital moral values: good behavior، honesty، responsibility، tolerating the problems، chastity، acceptance، enjoyment، chemistry، deference، loyalty. According to these findings، it seems that combination of feelings and affections، self-consciousness along with moral values can ensure a balanced mixture of wisdom and emotion and lead to successful marriages in society.

The purpose of this study is to identify the trends of modernism as well as the attitudes to marriage and wedding and the effects of them on the mediators for choosing spouse as well as attitude toward Mahr (an amount of money paid by the groom to the bride at the time of marriage). The study has been done in 1388(2009); it is a comparative research also in this research Women Lived in Regions 1 and 11 of Tehran has been investigated.Theory of structural functionalism has been chosen as a theoretical framework. The survey method is used in this study. Although the simple random has been chosen. The sample size in the study includes 285 person, 165 of them belong to region 1 and 120 of them from region 11.the hypotheses of the study have shown the relation between mediators, Individual choice, wedding, the attitude toward Mahr and the trend to modernism. The result has displayed the significant relationship between modernism and marriage. In this research whenever the independent variable increases, the role of human mediated in choosing spouse have been decreased as well as the wedding will be eased. However the attitude toward Mahr and individual choice have the least associated with modernism.

Mate selection is one of the most sensitive events during youth age which normally makes an individual face crisis and conflicts in determining reliable and necessary criteria and applying them to the concerned individual and finally going ahead with the decision. There are two sets of standards, criteria and characteristics which must be taken into consideration: A) Criteria as a part of the prosperous life of an efficient family. B) Criteria as the requirements of perfection. In this study, the criteria which have been explained and clarified include the following: 1. faith and correct belief, 2.piety, 3. good morals, 4. physical and psychological well-being, 5. family and genealogical originality, 6. external beauty, interest and attachment, 7. educational qualification, 8. equal status of man and woman and the special qualities of a girl.

The basic subject of this research is surveying sociological relation between modernity and mate selection among Tehran women (a comparison between districts1and 11in 1388, the aim is surveying the level of modernity and its impact on mate selection. Theoretical frame work of the study is structural functionalism. Field study in region 1and11 of Tehran was done by using questionnaire Technique. The volume of sample in this survey was 285 the universe included women aged 15and upper in Tehran. The results of this survey show that there is meaningful relation between modernity and mate selection, and results of measurement related to researchs theories show that if the level of modernity goes up, then people prefer more modern marriage. Results show that the level of modernity influence the rule of human mediators. Other hand, The findings of the research ultimate the emergence of individuality in the process of mate selection.