وابستگی به مواد مخدر

AbstractDependence on drugs or addiction is a mental disorder and the high degree of coexistence of this phenomenon with some personality traits is emphasized in its etiology. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics of patients undergoing maintenance treatment with methadone and people dependent on other drugs in Bojnord city in 1401. In this descriptive-analytical study, 142 drug-dependent men and 146 men undergoing methadone maintenance treatment referred to methadone treatment centers in Bojnord city were compared. The research tool was the 71-MMPI questionnaire. The data were analyzed using chi-square, independent t and SPSS 16 software. The influencing variables were the same in the two groups (age, education, marital status, duration and type of drug use). A significant difference was observed in the overall average of the psychological profile of the drug-dependent group (56.11±03.6) and the methadone-dependent group (42.16±16.82) (P<0.0001). In all the scales, the group dependent on other drugs was evaluated in a sick or borderline condition. The results of the standard MMPI questionnaire showed that among drug addicts, the level of agitation in all clinical scales was higher than the patients in the methadone maintenance group. According to the findings of the research, if the scores obtained from MMPI in people referring to medical centers are high in D (depression scale),

The purpose of this research is to describe the severity of addicts' dependence through the conceptual metaphor of "thirsty man and mirage" so that in the form of understanding this metaphor, a better understanding of the behavior of addicts and strengthening the way of interacting with them will be provided.  

This research is a qualitative research, and related subjects were identified in the concept of origin (thirsty man) with the concept of destination (addict) and presented in the form of a narrative. These concepts were validated through interviews with experts familiar with the subject of completion and the narrative presented through the Delphi technique. In order to strengthen the practical strength of the presented narrative, this narrative was also explained to a number of non-expert related people and their opinions were obtained.     

The findings showed that this metaphor can describe the intensity of addiction of drug addicts and be effective in explaining the fact that policymakers in the field of addiction and those around addicts do not have a clear understanding of the reason for their rebellious behavior. This metaphor describes the addict's behavior in response to his inner need to consume drugs in an understandable and tangible way.    

As a result of the research, it has been emphasized that in order for the fight against narcotics to be effective at the micro and macro levels, there must be an agreement between the different interest groups on the validity of addiction. The use of this metaphor opens the way for more management concepts to enter the fight against addiction.

This research was conducted with the aim of comparing negative mood regulation and self-review in drug dependent and normal people.

The current research method is causal-comparative of a descriptive type. A sample of 30 drug addicts and 30 normal people was selected by multi-stage cluster method in Mallard city in 2018. The research tool was the negative mood regulation questionnaire of Salvatore and Mearns and the self-review questionnaire of Snyder and Ganjesteed.

The research findings showed that there is a significant difference between the research groups in the regulation of negative mood and self-review.

According to the results of this research, drug addicts suffer from negative mood regulation and self-review. This shows that metacognitive factors should be taken into account in the prevention of drug addiction and in its treatment.

The aim of this study was to compare emotional intelligence, cognitive distortions and social behavior between substance-dependent and non-dependent individuals.

The present study was a causal-comparative study. The statistical population of this study included substance-dependent men referring to addiction treatment camps in Tehran and also substance-nondependent men. Two hundred and sixteen men aged 20-70 years were selected by convenience sampling and assigned into two groups of substance-dependent (n=108) and non-dependent (n=108) individuals. Participants completed the modified emotional intelligence scale, the cognitive distortions scale and the prosocial tendencies measure-revised. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance, chi-square and independent t-test.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the substance-dependent group and the non-dependent group regarding emotional intelligence and cognitive distortions (except for overgeneralization), so that the dependent group had significantly lower scores on emotional intelligence and higher scores on cognitive distortions than the non-dependent group. Also, there was a significant difference in the subscale of anonymous social behaviors between the two groups, so that the dependent group had significantly lower scores on anonymous social behaviors than the non-dependent group.

These differences are important in designing clinical interventions for treatment.

The aim of this study was to investigate the structural relationship model between social support and life satisfaction mediated by self-esteem, loneliness, and self-control in substance-dependent individuals in Lar.

The present study was descriptive-correlational of structural equation modeling type. The statistical population of the present study included all substance-dependent individuals referring to 15 addiction treatment centers in Lar. Among them, 222 individuals were selected by convenience sampling method. Participants individually completed the life satisfaction questionnaire, the self-esteem questionnaire, the social support questionnaire, the loneliness questionnaire, and the self-control questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling methods.

The results showed that self-esteem, loneliness, and self-control mediated the relationship between social support and life satisfaction in substance-dependent individuals.

According to the results of the present study, treatment programs can increase life satisfaction in substance-dependent individuals by targeting the increase of social support, self-esteem, and self-control and the reduction of loneliness, and provide a basis for the withdrawal of substance use in these individuals.

As drugs use spreading has grown worldwide and depends on social interactions of addicted individuals on another people. The aim of this paper is to introduce an integro-differential equation model for drugs use spread among people of the observed population.
The connection structures of the discrete systems tend to be richer than that of the integro-differential equation model. In this research the index of drugs user considered with peer influence.
In this paper, in addition to introduce a simple discrete models for spread of addictive drugs abuse, a new switch model and an integro-differential equation model is introduced that avoid from inertia in old models related to the spread of addictive drugs use problem.
Analyzes on discrete network models for spread of addictive drugs abuse is done and the mathematical equation was introduced for diffusion of addictive drugs abuse by considering individuals resilience and peer influence.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of hope-oriented psychotherapy in motivation for treatment among drug dependent individuals.
A quasi-experimental research design along with pretest-posttest and control group was employed in this study. All drug dependent individuals who had referred to addiction rehabilitation centers and clinics of districts 9, 10, and 11 in Mashhad city constituted the statistical population of this study. The number of 40 volunteers was selected as the sample from among this population. Then, the participants were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups, each group containing 20 subjects. The experimental group received eight 90-minute sessions of hope–oriented group psychotherapy and the control group received no intervention. Both groups completed Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale as the pre-test and post-test.
The results demonstrated that hope–oriented psychotherapy has a significant effect on increasing motivation for treatment, recognition, ambivalence, and taking steps among the drug dependent individuals in the experimental group.
The utilization of the principles of hope–oriented psychotherapy has an important role in increasing motivation for treatment in drug dependent individuals and can lead to the success of therapeutic programs and other positive treatment outcomes.