پیامدهای منفی

Regarding the growing trend of consumption of foreign goods in Iran, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of consumer’s awareness on the negative consequences of foreign goods consumption and its preferences on domestic commodities in Iran. Its method is the survey one and the statistical population of the study are all house guardians in Shiraz, 477,916 persons which 384 of them are selected as the sample by using Cochran's formula and multi-stage sampling. The research tool for measuring the awareness of the negative consequences of external consumption of goods is a researcher-made questionnaire based on two dimensions of social outcomes and psychological outcomes. Using factor analysis and coefficients higher than 0.75, the validity of the instruments is determined. Also using the coefficient of 0.95 Alpha the reliability is determined. The research tool for measuring the consumption of foreign goods is also a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of five groups of electrical appliances, stationery, clothing, home appliances and hygienic - cosmetics. Using the opinions of the judges, content validity is determined and using the coefficient of 0.91 Kooder -Richardson, the reliability is determined. Based on the research findings, using the structural equation model, awareness on the negative consequences of foreign goods consumption has a significant and positive effect on the domestic product's preference and can account for 6% of its changes. The conclusion of this study is that, by educating the public about the negative consequences of the consumption of foreign goods in the psychological and social dimensions, it is possible to reduce the increasing consumption of foreign goods and thus help solve one of the acute social problems of the Iranian society.

The statistical population of the research is consisted of all of the students of the Islamic Azad University of Mashhad who are studying (not graduated). Using the simple random sampling based on two categories of the boys and the girls and according to Cochran formula، 378 numbers of people were at hand as the adequate sample. For the data being more valid، 400 students (200 girls and 200 boys) were questioned and interviewed. After analyzing the data by SPSS، these results were achieved: there was a significant relationship between the amount of using the Internet and the sex، age، educational degr ee، and the amount of parents’ agreement of the students; however، there was not a significant relationship between the amount of using the Internet and the economic and social level of the person and the amount of fear and anxiety of the person of making contact in the real world. On the other hand، there was a significant relationship between the amount of using the Internet and the amount of the Internet dependency (addiction)، the amount of anger and aggression، the amount of isolation and solitariness، the amount of depression and fatigue، decreasing of social relations with family and friends، and increasing of the information and intelligence of the students in scientific-social fields and in doing the daily routines. There was also a significant relationship between the sex and the amount of the Internet dependency (addiction)، the amount of hiding the person’s sex in the Internet، the amount of trust to people in the Internet، the amount of making contact with the opposite sexes friend، the amount of using the weblogs، economic and social information، political information، sports information، pornography، the music، and the software. On the contrary، there was not a significant relationship between the sex and the satisfaction of having a hidden identity، the amount of using emails، chat، games، movies، jokes، postal cards، and using the Internet scientifically، educationally، culturally، and artistically.

In the evaluation of the women’s employment, we need to consider focus on the different layers of Islamic attitudes, principles that rule over the families, personality of women and their dignity in the society. Employment is indeed a right for women and not a duty, which can bring forth many positive effects and results as participation in social and economic development and helping the family economy. However, it may result in some negative consequences as well. They comprise contradictory roles in the family and society, weakening the foundation of the family, facing difficulties in bringing up the next generation and high pressure on women. These may leave unfortunate effects on the family and society. Here the author highlights the advantages and positive points of women’s employment and fully elaborates its negative results. At the end, she suggests some approaches and strategies for improvement and betterment of women’s employment situation.