advantages

Since ancient times, the course of geography has been combined with other scientific disciplines, especially statistics, mathematics, economics, sociology, history and psychology: one in practical terms and the other in terms of interpretation and definition of concepts. Therefore, in this research, the necessity of interdisciplinary study has been examined. This research is of a descriptive-analytical and documentary type, and the library method was used to collect information. The findings of the research show that various measures have been taken in this field so far, among them is the establishment of interdisciplinary trends. Although these measures are a step forward. Therefore, it is necessary to organize these types of studies and planning, and the gap that has emerged due to the over-specialization of sciences and their fragmentation must be repaired. The knowledge of geography has been prominent both in terms of its multidisciplinary nature and in terms of its application in environmental management. As a result, societies experience new issues in every period, and it is necessary to successfully pass that period towards a better future, finding suitable solutions for problems and issues, and this is possible only through participation and help from other scientific fields.

The purpose of this study was to discover the advantages and disadvantages of women with various drug use disorder methods of quitting an addiction in Tehran and providing efficient strategies to improve the quality of their treatment.

The method of the present study was the qualitative method of grounded theory. The study population consisted of women with drug use disorders who had a history of experiencing at least one voluntary or involuntary action to quit their addiction. The sample of the present study was 40 women with substance use disorders who had referred to the Behbastaran Women's Addiction Treatment Center to quit their addiction. In 2018 and 2019, they were selected by theoretical sampling method and were interviewed in depth.

Six treatment methods for quitting addiction with a license, quitting in an addiction camp without a license, quitting at home, quitting a hospital, quitting a prison, and quitting in addiction quit clinics with pills and medication, as the most important methods for quitting addiction in women was discovered in Tehran. By analyzing the text of the interviews, three themes of the advantages of different methods of quitting women, the disadvantages of different methods of quitting women and the positive and negative consequences of different methods of quitting for women emerged. Also, strategies were provided to improve the quality of various treatment methods.

Each method of quitting addiction for women has specific and common advantages and disadvantages, and drug-dependent women, their families, and medical staff should be aware of and provide the best choice for the individual according to the circumstances.

The present study aims at introducing and criticizing the mass open online courses (MOOCs). To this end, the "Critical Philosophical Exploration" method was used. The statistical population comprised all books, articles, studies, and research pertaining to the subject that was selected with purposive sampling and the maximum probable sources. The data required were collected through notetaking which were analyzed by verbal, visual and logical inference. In this paper, MOOCs was first described in three axes: "what", "why", and "how"; then, to interpret MOOCs, the criteria (a) underlying theory, (b) educational justice, (c) adult education, (d) practicality in technical terms, and (e) the educational applications were selected and the MOOCs were analyzed and finally, their advantages and disadvantages were summarized. According to the findings of this article, MOOC's most important benefits included: advanced scientific underlying theory, laying the groundwork for educational justice, proportionality with adult education, operational capability, and various educational advantages and advantages. However, the new underlying theory of MOOCs (relativism) and its many criticizes, MOOCs ability to create and spread educational discrimination, various technical shortcomings, and serious deficiencies in educational application were among the disadvantages. Consequently, dealing with MOOCs needs awareness of these advantages and disadvantages and attempts to resolve them.

The book، French Grammar، translated and compiled by a researcher، who have successfully created a work which can be considered as a reference book for the people familiar with French language. Having a complete command of the subject، this author translator has divided the contents of his research into a balanced order of chapters; within each of the chapters he has brought French sentences with minute translation of them together with their specific expressions as well. In all cases it is tried to present the meaning through simple sentences. Among his attempts، I can refer to the emphasis on French alphabet، gender of nouns، articles، nouns of plurality، irregular and regular verbs، object nouns and their agreement. In this study، we try to show that despite limited sources for this translation، the translator has been able to prepare a well-formed and useful grammar، and present the French grammar with modern examples and necessary explanations، for the interested people at secondary level. Therefore، to point out the real value of the work، at the beginning of this article we have considered the present status of this grammar in comparison with former grammars.