childhood trauma

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between dimensions of childhood trauma in predicting dimensions of emotional intelligence. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included students of Islamic Azad University, Roudhen Branch, aged 20 and above, with no history of any neurological or psychiatric disorders, no acquired brain injury leading to a loss of consciousness for more than 1 minute, no substance abuse in the past 6 months (self-reported), and no history of neurological disorders (such as epilepsy), who were studying in the academic year 2021-2022. A total of 336 students were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (1998) (SSEIT) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (2003) (CTQ). Data analysis was conducted using multiple regression with SPSS-27 software. The results showed that emotional abuse was the strongest predictor of problems in students' emotional intelligence. In the dimensions of emotional intelligence, for emotion regulation, sexual abuse was the strongest predictor (β = -0.24, P < 0.001), and for emotion assessment and utilization of emotions, emotional abuse was the strongest predictor (β = -0.36, P < 0.001 and β = -0.26, P < 0.001, respectively). Consequently, it can be concluded that childhood trauma affects emotional intelligence capabilities. Therefore, it is suggested that therapists can play a significant role in reducing the negative impacts of childhood trauma by enhancing emotional intelligence skills.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between childhood trauma and post-divorce adjustment in men and women. The population of this correlation study is everyone who have been divorced once and at least 6 months have passed since this separation. The sample includes 175 individual (114 women and 61 men) who filled in the questionnaires via social media. The participants responded to the Bernstein Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) and Fisher's post-divorce adjustment questionnaire, and these data were analyzed by simple linear regression.The results indicate a positive relationship between emotional abuse and adjustment after divorce, symptoms of grief and social self-worth in both sexes, and a positive relationship between emotional abuse and feelings of anger in women. Data could not confirm a significant relationship between physical neglect and its components in both genders. Finally, despite the lack of relationship between emotional neglect and post-divorce adjustment in women and men, the positive relationship of this variable and social self-worth in women and grief symptoms in men, as well as negative relationship with self-worth in Women were confirmed.In general, the results approved the relationship between childhood trauma and adjustment after divorce, but contrary to other similar studies, this relationship was positive. The findings of this research can be used to design preventive and corrective actions, as well as to guide future research to investigate the causes of the these results.Keywords: childhood trauma, post-divorce adjustment, women and men

 The aim of present study was conducted with the aim of predicting social anxiety based on childhood trauma with the mediating role of alexithymia in adolescents.
The present study was descriptive-correlational and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study included all teenagers in Tehran in 1401. Among these adolescents who scored higher than 40 in the social anxiety questionnaire, 102 people were selected as a sample and they were asked to answer the childhood trauma questionnaire and the alexithymia scale.
 The results of the research showed that the correlation coefficient between social anxiety with childhood trauma and alexithymia is significant at the level of 0.01. Also, alexithymia had a mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and social anxiety in adolescents.
Based on this, in the relationship between childhood trauma and social anxiety in adolescents, emotional ataxia had a mediating role. Therefore, childhood trauma can help to increase social anxiety in adolescents through increasing the level of alexithymia.

The present research aimed to predict resiliency based on childhood trauma, psychological distress, and difficulty in emotion regulation in individuals with substance use.

The present research was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of all individuals with substance use under treatment in addiction treatment clinics and private and public maintenance camps in the city of Tabriz in 2022. Among them, 384 people were selected according to the inclusion criteria using the convenience sampling method. The tools used in this research included the childhood trauma questionnaire, the psychological distress scale, the resilience questionnaire, and the emotion regulation difficulty scale.

The results showed that childhood trauma, psychological distress, and difficulty in emotional regulation were significantly and negatively correlated with resiliency. The regression results also indicated that childhood trauma, psychological distress, and difficulty in emotional regulation simultaneously explained 34% of the variance of resilience.

The results of the current research emphasize the roles of childhood trauma, psychological distress, and emotional regulation difficulty in the level of resiliency in substance users. These variables can be regarded as causal and preserving factors in substance use.

This research aimed to examine the mediating role of panic symptoms in the relationship between childhood trauma and substance use problems in methamphetamine users.

The current research was descriptive-correlational of structural equation modeling type. Among methamphetamine users referring to addiction treatment centers in Mazandaran province, 250 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The tools used in this research included the substance use questionnaire, the childhood trauma questionnaire, and the panic symptom scale. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

The findings showed that there was significant and positive relationship between childhood trauma and substance use problems, and panic symptoms mediated this relationship. Overall, the results indicated that the model had good fit.

According to the obtained results, it can be said that both variables of childhood trauma and panic symptoms play an important role in substance use problems. Considering the sensitive period of childhood and the lasting effects of traumatic experiences and their subsequent consequences such as depression, anxiety, etc. in adulthood, the results of this research can be a guide to inform parents of their sensitive role through educational programs in schools or the media. Therefore, paying attention to these variables is of special importance in reducing substance use problems.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between childhood trauma and sexual intimacy in married women. The present study was a descriptive-correlational modeling of structural equations. The statistical population of the study included married women in Tehran and Sari city, from which 196 people were selected by convenience sampling. Data collection tools included a short form of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, self-compassion scale and sexual intimacy questionnaire. Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation model were used for data analysis using AMOS and SPSS version 22 software. The results showed that sexual intimacy had a negative relationship with childhood injuries (-0.44) and had a significant positive relationship with self-compassion (0.25) at the level of 0.01. Self-compassion also played a mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and sexual intimacy in married women (P<0.001). Accordingly, compassion had a mediating role in the relationship between childhood injuries and sexual intimacy in married women. Thus, in married women, childhood trauma can reduce sexual intimacy through its effect on compassion.

The present study aimed to predict depression based on childhood trauma, impulsivity, and cognitive emotion regulation in substance-dependent individuals.

The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the research included all substance-dependent individuals in addiction treatment centers in the city of Tehran in 2020-2021. Among them, 300 people were selected by convenient sampling method and completed the Beck depression questionnaire-second version, the childhood trauma questionnaire-short form, the Barrett impulsivity scale, and the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire- short version. Simultaneous regression analysis was used to analyze the data.

The results of the research showed that two components of childhood trauma, including emotional abuse and physical abuse, as well as two components of motor impulsivity and non-planning impulsiveness positively predicted depression. Also, three cognitive emotion regulation strategies, including two maladaptive strategies (self-blame and catastrophizing), positively and one adaptive strategy (refocusing on planning) negatively predicted depression.

According to the results of the present study, the components of the variables of childhood trauma, impulsivity, and emotion regulation strategies are the predictors of depression. Therefore, paying attention to these variables is of particular importance in preventing depression.