content criticism

Ancient texts such as “Kelileh and Demneh” have a great place and importance among students due to their content and educational concepts. The linguistic structure (technical prose) and the stylistic feature of “Kelileh and Demneh” are such that most audiences have difficulty communicating with this work. The purpose of the present study is to review the book “Kelileh and Demneh” Sharh Hossein Haddad by Qadyani Publications. This book, which has been described and compiled based on the correction of Minavi and Hassanzadeh Amoli, in addition to its advantages and positive components, is not without its drawbacks. In this research, by using the method of content analysis and collecting information in the form of library documents, while criticizing and reviewing the book “Kelileh and Demneh” Sharh by Hossein Haddad, a comparison with other versions of Kelileh has been carried out, and the book has been reviewed from two perspectives: form and content. The results of the research showed that there are problems and content objections (in the field of vocabulary, Arabicization, allusions, etc.) in the above-mentioned description that should be considered in the new edition. The lack of attention of the commentator to the Arabic text of “Kelileh and Demneh”, contenting himself only with the old versions of the work, not referring to important sources in the field of Arabic and Persian dictionaries, dictionary of allusions, etc. caused such problems in the book.

Public administration studies governments, government institutions, and structures, as well as the actions of individuals in the public sector. Numerous books have been written and translated in the field of public administration. Few of these books have gained legitimacy and acceptance among readers. The book "Managerial Movements in Public Sector" by Dr. Hasan Danaeefard is one of the most comprehensive books written in the field of public administration and therefore has been considered as a textbook for teaching in public administration courses and the main source of study for the graduate entrance exam for recent years. In this article, the attempt was to review the book in a descriptive-analytical manner, by mentioning the evidence and documents. The book was critiqued from four dimensions: formal, structure, writing and content. According to this, on one hand, the main strengths of the book are the use of credible sources, comprehensiveness and up-to-datedness of the content, accurate citation method, and use of practical examples. On the other hand, this book has also some drawbacks, the most important of which are lack of observance of writing symbols, inconsistency of some sentences, lack of image quality of the cover design and its incompatibility with the subject of the book and lack of structural and content coherence in some sentences.

Modern Arabic literature, because of its important role in transferring the contemporary culture and thoughts of Arabs, enjoys a special status in the curriculum of Arabic language and literature majors in Iranian universities. As a result, to introduce contemporary Arabic literature, various courses entitled contemporary Arabic poetry and prose have been offered at different educational levels. Besides, to achieve this goal, many books and textbooks have been written in Iran and in the Arab world. Undoubtedly, criticizing and reviewing these books is a major step in fulfilling the objectives of teaching contemporary literary texts. Therefore, the present study intends to evaluate the book “Al-Adab Al-Arabi Al-Hadith; ….” authored by Muhammad Saleh Alshanti, using a descriptive-analytical approach. While introducing the book, the article tried to address both its strong points and weaknesses in two domains of form and content. The findings indicate that with regard to form, the book suffers from certain shortcomings such as lack of defining terms, using personal judgments in analyses, compiling rather than composing, mixing didactic and critical issues, and incoherence of literary approaches.

The great commentary of "al-Mīzān" written by ‘Allāmah Ayatullāh Seyyed Muhammad Hossein Ṭabāṭabāī, due to its fame and popularity, does not need to be introduced and described. This commentary, while covering various topics, has a special approach, which is its focusing on the education and spiritual development of the individual and society, so it can be said that "al-Mīzān" is an educational and social commentary. This precious commentary, translated by the late Ayatollah Mousavi Hamdani, has been printed and published many times in the form of twenty thick volumes or forty normal volumes. Its voluminous size and number of volumes is one of the obstacles that prevent interested researchers from using and studying it. Also, the multitude of daily problems and occupations of people today, causes people not to study such voluminous books. So it is possible to simplify this work and make more people interested in studying it by summarizing it in a way that does not harm the essence of the topics.  Before this, some scholars have tried to summarize this book, but each of them has flaws that cannot be ignored. One of them is a book that an Arabic writer summarized from the original Arabic text of al-Mīzān according to his own understanding, and then it was translated into Persian. And another one is a selection and a summary of the commentary of some verses, not all verses. Anyway, there was not a complete summary of al-Mīzān in Persian language. However, after six years of continuous work, its summary along with scientific and literary editing was completed and published. While examining this summery, I came across many verbal and content problems, the description of which requires an independent book. In this article, some problems with the book have been mentioned. It should be noted that in the translation of the verses of the Qur'an, which was composed and penned by the late Ayatollah Seyyed Mohammad Baqer Mousavi Hamdani, some problems in the literary and writing forms were detected. In addition, in some cases, the interpretation presented by the translator was in serious conflict with the opinions of Allāmah. I tried to correct the translation of the verses based on the Allāmah's opinions and remove its problems. In fact, a complete revision has been made in the translation of the verses by preserving the special style and literature of the translator.

The issue of underdevelopment has always been one of the research attractions for researchers. Underdevelopment has been one of the main concerns of Iranian reformers and thinkers, at least since the early Qajar period, which has led to various findings and perspectives on its cause, as well as offering various solutions to overcome it. Numerous books and works have been written on this subject, but one of the books that has recently been published in this regard is Etiology of Iran’s underdevelopment. The study of the book shows that this work can be criticized from three aspects: form, methodology and content, and the purpose of this research is to clarify the weaknesses and shortcomings of the book in the mentioned domains. All in all, it seems that the book doesn’t have any special innovation and it has not been able to open a new scientific horizon in this field.

By Adopting a critical approach to reading text, the present article examines and evaluates the book "Historiography and its Developments in Iran and the World", a joint work of Hossein Mirjafari and Abbas Ashouri-Nejad. The book reviewed in this article, which is dedicated to Payame Noor University as a textbook on "Historiography and its Developments in Iran and the World" as a sourcebook at the undergraduate level in history, is no exception to this rule. Academic textbooks are expected to meet the required scientific standards. Despite the authors' efforts to compile a documentary on historiography, this book has some drawbacks including lack of a detailed table of contents, index, typographical errors, poor writing and grammar, the indentation of some sentences, poor citation and documentation, lack of separation of sources in the bibliography, etc. In terms of the content, formal considerations and lack of explanation of terms and concepts, improper use of first-hand sources, unbalanced volume of the sections, the existence of clichéd content, etc. are also observed. The author of the article tries to review and evaluate the book and explain its strengths and weakness, to present his suggestions to the authors and the textbook publishing council in order to increase the scientific-educational aspect of this book and its structured quality.

The book "The Secret of Khaghani's Poetry" is a new research work in the field of Khaghani, which is considered a valuable work due to its scientific method, aesthetic view, aristocracy and contemplation of the author. This book consists of four volumes, two of which have been published so far. In this article, we have introduced and reviewed the first volume. At the beginning of the article, we have introduced the different sections of the book and its content, then we have pointed out its scientific and aesthetic values. In the review section, we have identified the mistakes or shortcomings of the book under the two general headings of typographical and editing errors, in detail and by mentioning the page. One of the main types of typographical and editing problems is the frequent use of verbal accents and excessive markup. In the content flaws and shortcomings, some explanations and selection of replacement versions have been criticized. Our aim in this article is to emphasize the importance of this book in Khaghani studies and to eliminate its shortcomings in future editions.

Human resource management refers to policies, actions, and systems that affect employee’s behaviors, attitudes, and performance. In the field of human resource management, there are many reference books, each of which has gained good legitimacy and acceptance for various reasons among readers. The book "Human Resource Management and Personnel Affairs" by Dr. Seyed Reza Seyed Javadin is one of the most comprehensive books written in the field of human resource management and therefore has been considered as a textbook and the main source of study for the graduate entrance exam for many years. In this article, the attempt was to review the book in a descriptive-analytical manner, by mentioning the evidence and documents and based on evaluation criteria which were introduced by the Council for Reviewing Books and Text on Human Sciences. Criticisms were presented from both formal and content perspectives. According to this, on one hand, the main strengths of the book are the comprehensiveness of the content, the systematic approach, the coherent and structured view of the topics, and the compatibility of the work with Islamic values. On the other hand, this work has also some drawbacks, the most important of which are the lack of a practical and problem-oriented approach, insufficient use of content and creative presentation methods, outdated topics despite numerous editions of the book, and weaknesses in the citation method.

Despite the variety of electronic resources, textbooks continue to be the main medium of language teaching. Thus, criticizing them can improve the quality of education. This paper reviews the 1st volume of the 2nd Edition of “Farsi Biamuzim”, based on a set of standards and criteria for evaluating academic textbooks. Among the five criticism axes of structure, content, language, method, and society and culture, the advantages of this work can be found in the general way of teaching the alphabet, providing innovative exercises, selecting practical topics, and designing useful topics in the content of lessons. Its disadvantages can be attributed to the structural inconsistency of the book in the instruction of letters and grammatical materials and the lack of a list of sources and a defect in its list of contents.

In recent decades the educational competitions have increased attention of scholars to understand the educational changes and innovations as well as ways of solving challenges in other societies. The main mission of comparative education is critical study of the educational similarities and differences among societies and cultures. Accordingly, the attention to comparative education and its necessity have become a common phenomenon in higher education institutions which can be seen through establishments of graduate courses, research centers and publication of books and articles. In Iran, comparative education is provided as a three-unit course at the field of educational sciences (different branches) and for undergraduate, graduate and doctoral students. Writing and preparation of the book "Comparative Education: Foundation, Principles and Methods " shows a deliberate attempt to present this science with respect to its theoretical foundations and principles. In this paper, I will try to analysis form and content of the book and rating its privileges and shortcomings. Due to the size and pages, this book has largely made readers familiar with the general and basic framework of comparative education science, Meanwhile the most important weakness of the present work can be a lack of attention to currents contemporary intellectual of comparative education.