divorce

This study investigated the chance of leaving married life using Cox proportional hazards models with random effects, estimating the influence of demographic variables such as age at marriage, gender, place of residence, and province. The analysis is based on marriage and divorce records from the civil registration organization, covering the period from March 21, 2022, to March 20, 2023. A total of 412,918 records were included in the survival analysis, after excluding records with errors or missing data. The results indicated that the likelihood of men leaving married life is 1.54 times that of women, which is significant. Additionally, younger ages at marriage are associated with a higher probability of divorce compared to older ages. Specifically, the chances of leaving married life are 31.3, 11.7, 3.9, and 1.3 times higher, respectively, for the age groups 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, and 40-50 years, compared to those in the 50+ age group. The province variable also significantly affects the duration of marriage. Examining the factors that influence the length of married life provides valuable insights for timely interventions aimed at enhancing marital stability. These findings are relevant for couples, families, psychologists, and social workers at the micro level, as well as for sociologists and policymakers at the macro level.

This article examines the decision-making framework for separation and divorce among Tehran residents from the perspective of life course theory. The research method used in this study is survey-based, using a questionnaire to collect data. The statistical population includes all eligible women and men living in Tehran in 2022, and the sample size is 630 eligible residents of Tehran (men and women) who were randomly selected from each of the 22 districts of Tehran. To clarify the subject matter, theories of marriage, roles and role strain were used. The results show that the decision to separate or divorce is influenced by three stages of a couple's life cycle; in the first stage of family life, which is the stage of acquaintance and compatibility of the couple (38%), the second stage, which is the middle stage of family life, characterized by the stability of married life (28%), and the final stage of the life cycle of married life, characterized by the inconsistent requirements of life and the emergence of the estrangement process (30%), all have an impact on the couple's decision to separate.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of solution-focused counseling on perceived competence and parenting among divorced mothers of schoolchildren. This research is applied in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of methodology, utilizing a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of divorced mothers with children in Shiraz, who were randomly selected. The experimental group participated in 10 educational sessions of solution-focused counseling, while the control group received no intervention. The results indicated that solution-focused counseling improved parenting skills, enhanced emotional communication quality, and reduced stress and anxiety among mothers. Furthermore, solution-focused counseling can serve as an effective tool for improving parenting and the quality of mother-child relationships among divorced women, highlighting the importance of psychological and social support during this period. Ultimately, expanding similar counseling programs and promoting continuous educational courses for divorced mothers is recommended to help improve their and their children's living conditions.

Divorce is one of the phenomena that families are faced with, the present study with the premise that in the transitioning society of Iran, one of the structural changes in the family is the change in the shape of relationships and emerging relationships in the family, the upcoming article aims to discover the processes of led to divorce and was done using a qualitative approach and thematic analysis method, the statistical population of Mashhad couples on the verge of divorce and the sample included 20 Mashhad couples on the verge of divorce who referred to premarital counseling centers, the sampling method in this research , purposeful sampling and the data collection tool was in-depth interviewSampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The findings of the interviews were coded in three stages and finally the divorce process was identified as consisting of five stages: the first stage: tension and conflict, the second stage: emotional separation, the third stage: decision to divorce, the fourth stage: physical separation and the fifth stage: legal divorce".

The “Rule of Negation of Unbearable Hardship” (La-Haraj) is one of the most applied rules in jurisprudence according to which no decree (Hokm) in Islam is issued which causes unbearable hardship. Paying attention to the jurisprudential foundations on which this rule is based is particularly important, because differences of opinion on its jurisprudential foundations in judicial courts sometimes lead to different verdicts that are issued in similar cases. Since one of the applications of this rule is in family matters, it is necessary to pay attention to these principles, because in addition to removing ambiguity in legal cases, it prevents the personal preferences of individuals in applying this rule to similar cases. Therefore, the question is to what extent, according to Imam Khomeini's opinion, can the capacity of this rule be used in various lawsuits, especially family lawsuits? Attempts have been made in this research, through employment of descriptive-analytical method, to study the content and evidence of the Unbearable Hardship Rule and the jurisprudential foundations effective in applying this rule to the jurisprudence of the family. Moreover, while addressing a judicial decision, it has been stated that commonsense is the main criterion and standard for recognizing unbearable hardship regarding different people, while taking into consideration the individual and social characteristics of the duty-bound person as well as the factor of time and space. What is meant unbearable hardship in this paper is the personal practical hardship both physical and spiritual, which includes all obligatory decrees (obligatory and unlawful). This rule is not applied to past cases of unbearable hardship and only includes present and future cases and is also applicable to the rights of others.

wife and family; An important principle in the Islamic jurisprudence system, whose effective effects on the society have separated it from other related issues. In the meantime, the process of annulment of marriage or divorce with all its aspects is more important than other issues of this law. Talaq Khula, which today has received many legal appeals in family courts, is subject to substantive analysis due to the widespread prevalence of it in the society. Among the things that can be considered is the meaning of valid disgust in it from the side of the wife. Contrary to the popular opinion and text of the later jurisprudence books as well as the civil law of the Islamic Republic of Iran, what is stated in the narrations and the evidences for the derivation of jurisprudence is not hatred in the literal sense of the unmarried wife's hatred of her husband, and the hatred is not due to the non-observance of marital duties. Also, the non-establishment of divine limits on the part of the wife is a matter of opinion. Since the following analysis is without any research related to its topic, it has shown manifestations of the dynamism and innovation of Jafari's jurisprudence and has opened a new path in relation to the establishment and amendment of civil laws regarding divorce.

This qualitative research aims to explore the underlying factors contributing to feelings of inferiority among divorced women in Tehran. The study sample consists of 34 divorced women, aged 21 to 58. Initially, an inferiority questionnaire was distributed among divorced women, and those who scored higher than 42 were selected for interviews. The analysis revealed five main themes, 23 sub-themes, and one core theme. The obtained subthemes include parents' education, family culture level, economic pressures, addiction to drugs or alcohol, lack of authoritative parents, parental illness, extreme family control and extreme family compensation, defective behaviors of family members, defective behaviors of others, resentment, anger, regret, self-accusation, withdrawal, insignificance, excuse-making, aggression, failure to satisfy psychological needs by parents, lack of problem-solving skills, change of child custody and fear of others' judgments. The main themes of life are seeking power and superiority, weak interpersonal relationships, protective tendencies, and feelings of inadequacy and insecurity. According to the research question, the core theme of this research is the feeling of inferiority. According to the propositions obtained, the current research includes three aspects. First group is divorced women less than 30 years old; The second group is divorced women over 30 years old and the third group is divorced women over 50 years old. In each of these groups, some underlying factors are more prominent than others. In the first group, the extreme control and compensation of the family, the defective behavior of the family and others, and communication with the opposite sex through virtual space. In the second group, changing the custody of the child, communicating with the opposite sex and forming a temporary marriage, lack of problem solving and using substances and alcoholic beverages, and in the third group hatred, anger, aggression and regret are obtained.

"In Iranian society, considerable importance is placed on the family as a vital social and cultural institution. However, despite this emphasis, official statistics indicate a notable increase in divorce rates among families.""The family, as an institution in our country, is undeniably facing significant challenges. The alarming surge in divorce cases over the past years serves as a clear indicator of the distressed state of family dynamics". "Divorce symbolizes the breakdown of the family unit, often resulting in enduring and irrevocable consequences. This phenomenon, akin to a lethal virus, infiltrates the foundational institution of society—the family—and claims a substantial number of victims on a daily basis". "The primary objective of this qualitative study is to explore the underlying reasons behind the decision to divorce among families in Tehran. It employs a descriptive phenomenological approach with thematic analysis as the research method.""Thematic analysis is a six-step methodology encompassing the following stages: familiarization with the data, coding, theme generation, theme evaluation and refinement, theme definition and naming, and report writing". "The study's statistical population comprises married individuals who sought divorce through Tehran's family courts in 1401. A purposeful sampling method was employed, leading to in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted with 37 participants". "In the data analysis process, initial coding was followed by the extraction of primary and secondary themes. The research findings are presented under two overarching categories: 'warning signs of divorce' and 'factors contributing to separation. Essentially, certain factors may serve as warning signs of impending divorce if experienced by couples at any stage of their marital journey. Conversely, specific events can escalate marital conflicts and increase the likelihood of separation, which can be categorized as triggers or catalysts for divorce.

The aim of the current research is to study the sociological and, of course, emic and qualitative approach of the life experience of women in Tehran after divorce.

The methodology of the current qualitative research was carried out using the grounded theory strategy. For this purpose, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 39 divorced women in Tehran, who were selected by the purposeful sampling method and snowball strategy, during more than 8 months. The interviews continued until the theoretical saturation stage. Data analysis was done through open, central and selective coding system and finally the core category was extracted.

In the open coding stage, 155 open codes, 33 central codes, 7 main categories and one core category were extracted from the data coding system: Life of children of divorce: double victory and failure, reaching forgotten individuality, desire and experience The images of riotous pleasures, the lack of pleasant experience of returning to the father’s house, economic challenges (hardship), diversification of negative attention (sexual and instrumental), a conceptual framework of the stigma of divorce, multifaceted rejection.  Also, “actualized dualism: from the experience of hardship to modern individuality” was chosen as the core category and finally a tree diagram extracted from the data was prepared.

Life after divorce, at least at first glance, is an experience of the life of divorced women, which cannot be easily explained. Positive and negative dialectical relationship is the result of life after divorce. In fact, life after divorce for women can be likened to a drama show, watching the leading situation is a contradictory flow of good and bad affairs and inadequacy in the forecast.

The family, as the most important institution in human social history, has been involved in serious issues in the recent time of human social life. Meanwhile, divorce is a phenomenon that is definitely included in the definition of the country five major social problems. The aim of the current research was to qualitatively study men's and women's experience of divorce in Khorram Abad city, apply qualitative methodology and using the grounded theory method. For this purpose, 30 divorced men and women from Khorram Abad city were selected by purposeful sampling method and snowball strategy. Data has been collected using in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analyzed in three stages: open coding, central coding, and selective coding, and from this process, the following codes were extracted: ambitious rational divorce, effective rational divorce, consensual rational divorce, passive rational divorce, accelerated irrational divorce. and forced, consequences after divorce, failure and financial collapse, not having a job during divorce, social label, social isolation, social rejection, being accused, being a sexual object, changing position, emotional and sexual needs, self-recovery, promotion social management, social isolation, homogenous associations, lack of expression of divorce, its analysis and interpretation, the last solution is the reality that has emerged, these codes are the expression of various signs arising from the structure and agency of couples for divorced people. The analyzed divorce patterns have turned divorce into a complex and multidimensional issue.

The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of divorce on the departure couples from chastity through an analytical-documentary method; thus, all related jurisprudential-legal sources were reviewed and the prohibition of different types of divorce in the realization of chastity was analyzed from a juridical and legal viewpoint. The results showed that there is no difference between the jurists regarding the prohibition of complete divorce in chastity, but there are different opinions about the prohibition of reversible divorce and emotional divorce (spouses' hatred of each other and family differences). Therefore, by finding the criterion of leaving chastity, it can be reached the jurisprudential verdict of reversible divorce (in all cases) and emotional divorce (in all cases) in preventing the realization of chastity. The found criterion for leaving chastity are as follows: the impossibility of meeting the sexual needs of husband and wife, which includes people in reversible and emotional divorce, and that verdict can be arranged for these people as well. Also, by referring to the rules of Dar and caution in Dema, it is also possible to decide to leave couples from chastity in reversible divorce and, in some cases, emotional divorce. Although, due to the differences existing at the time of the approval of the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2013, no explicit comment was made regarding the prohibition of different types of divorce in the realization of chastity, the cases stated in Article 227 of that law are illustrative from the legislator's viewpoint, and are not limited to those examples. Accordingly, there is the legal capacity to consider all types of divorce as examples of leaving chastity.

One of the main reasons for divorce is the interference of extended family in a couple's marriage. This qualitative study aims to look into how couples seeking a divorce understand family-related interference. The study involved semi-structured interviews with 20 Yazdi couples on the brink of divorcing and who experienced serious marital difficulties, utilizing grounded theory approaches. Data were collected until saturation using convenient and purposeful sampling. Seven categories—continuity of dependency, parents' desire for happiness, multi-faceted differences, susceptibility of couples to interference, biased consultation, passive arousal, and imbalanced commitment—were extracted from the data. The central category has been defined as "erosive transition," denoting how the young couple comprehends and construes family-related intervention. Young couples experience a challenging transition as they establish an independent marital relationship, and their response to this transition significantly impacts their future outcomes and overall well-being. Examining the experiences of couples on the brink of divorce may raise the awareness and focus of specialists and helping professionals in the field of counseling, aiming to provide support and assistance to couples. Additionally, this can enhance the comprehension of couples and families regarding the impacts and contexts of interferences.

Family is the most important institution of society and shaper of human talents and personality. In the family system, factors such as desirability, satisfaction, quality and optimal functioning of the family are very effective factors that cause prosperity, growth and development of family members.

The present research was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design having a control group and a one-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the present study included all women applying for divorce who had referred to psychological clinics (under the welfare organization) in Sabzevar to use psychological services between November 2021 and February 2022. The sample of this research included 45 women who applied for divorce and were selected as available. Then, from among the research sample, 15 people were randomly assigned to the control group and 30 people to the experimental groups (training of skills based on attachment model and training of skills based on imago therapy). Data were collected using the Hostile Document Scale (HDS) (Arnetz et al., 2003). The intervention of teaching skills based on attachment model and teaching skills based on imago therapy were carried out during 8 sessions of 90 minutes once a week; But the control group did not receive any intervention. The research data were analyzed by mixed variance analysis (with repeated measurements).

The findings showed that teaching skills based on attachment model and teaching skills based on imago therapy are effective in reducing hostile documents in women applying for divorce (P<0.05); So that 85.5% of the simultaneous changes of the dependent variables are related to the skills training group based on the attachment model. Also, the square of the parametric eta is 87.1% of the simultaneous changes of variables related to imago therapy. Also, the findings showed that there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of teaching skills based on attachment model and teaching skills based on imago therapy (P<0.05).

In examining the phenomenon of divorce, which on the one hand is the result of many events and macro indicators, and on the other hand, it is considered the cause of some other social phenomena. We are forced to reduce the dimension and focus on a certain area - to examine the behavior of the phenomenon more closely. In this article, focusing on the economic dimension of the changing behavior of divorce, in order to find the effect of the main economic indicators that have been emphasized in the theoretical literature on the behavior of divorce statistics in Iran. , aFor this purpose, after reviewing the research literature, four variables of inflation, gross domestic product (GDP), Gini coefficient and unemployment were selected and due to the nature of the data, the ARDL statistical method was used to fit the coefficients of the variables and determine the significance. According to the results of unemployment and GDP growth have a long-term and positive effect on divorce, but inflation and Gini coefficient, along with the previous two variables, have not had a significant effect on divorce. In expressing the reason for the lack of significance of these variables, it can be said that the behavior of each of the variables used in this study alone or together with other variables in the model is different. In other words, the two variables of Gini coefficient and inflation, along with the other two variables of the model, namely unemployment and GDP, are meaningless.

In recent years, the issue of sexual dissatisfaction has received considerable attention, and many have emphasized on its high prevalence among couples, as well as its impact on most divorces. The main question of this study is how much is the prevalence of sexual dissatisfaction among couples and what effect does sexual dissatisfaction have on the life and separation of couples? This research was conducted using a secondary analysis of the National Family Survey data. The population included married individuals or those who were divorced in urban areas of Iran, and the sample size was 2850 individuals. The findings indicate that sexual dissatisfaction among couples is around 9%, and it does not have a significant determining effect on the occurrence of divorce. Only 10% of individuals with sexual dissatisfaction considered the probability of separation from their spouse as high. Additionally, only about 4% of couples reported their sexual conflict with their spouse as very high and about 10% reported it as high. Examining the factors of divorce among divorced individuals revealed that factors such as addiction, family interference, lack of love, and infidelity were more important, while sexual problems were only the cause of 1.3% of divorces. Overall, sexual dissatisfaction is neither a common issue among couples nor a determining factor in the tendency towards divorce in Iran.

The institution of the family, as the first and most important socializing institution, has faced serious challenges in modern human life. In fact, the basic gesture of the transcendental turn of the postmodern world represents the change in the meanings of life, new intellectual styles and, accordingly, the change of important social positions, including the family. The aim of the current research was to study qualitatively the experience of women from divorce in Tehran city, which was done with qualitative methodology and grounded theory method. For this purpose, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 39 divorced women in Tehran, who were selected by purposeful sampling and snowball strategy. In the data analysis stage, 131 open codes, 20 sub-categories, 6 main categories and one core category were extracted through the data coding system: pluralism in the experience of forms of violence, the desire to be free from restrictions and separation from control, husband's tendency to extramarital relationships, spouse's personality-spiritual problems, the stigma of divorce (from rejection of others to being a sexual prey), contact with the opposite sex after divorce, break from communal life. Also, "divorce: the dialectical tragedy of tears and smiles" was chosen as the core category and finally the paradigm model extracted from the data was set. The findings indicate that the explanation and interpretation of the request for divorce has made this issue completely objective and involved in different dualities of satisfaction and dissatisfaction, positive and negative, and the desire to be freed from many hardships. This semantic dualism and paradox do not reflect a uniform analysis and understanding of the field of divorce.

The present study was carried out with the aim of analyzing sexual divorce in Isfahan couples as one of the types of hidden divorces. The statistical population was all couples who referred to family counseling centers in Isfahan in 2020 and 2021. Sampling was done in a targeted way on 20 couples. The design of the current research was qualitative and using the foundation data method. Qualitative data were collected using the triangulation method of psychological texts, interviews with experts, and semi-structured interviews with couples who had not had sex for at least six months. The method of coding and thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings of the research in the field of analysis of sexual divorce of couples included 73 subthemes, which were classified into 7 main themes as follows: Communication factors, sexual information and knowledge, psychological effects of physical diseases, emotions and emotions, ineffective substitutes, the original family environment and psychological aspects of the individual. The results of this study have well explained the concept of sexual divorce from the perspective of couples. The remarkable point resulting from the findings of the research is that the phenomenon of sexual divorce of couples is not formed in a vacuum, but in addition to interpersonal and intrapersonal factors, psychological, social and cultural contexts also affect the process and its consequences.Therefore, identifying the nature of sexual divorce and its factors can provide a platform for developing the necessary interventions to prevent it.

In rec​ent years, there has been a notable increase in the number of divorces, with a considerable proportion of these occurring within the term of a few years of marriage. Diverse socioeconomic, demographic, and psychological elements can impact the duration between an individual's marriage and divorce.This study aims to examine the potential impact of reproduction, a demographic variable, on the length of matrimonial unions. Given the normative and institutional emphasis on the family-oriented model of child-rearing in Iran, it is anticipated that the presence of children will have a significant impact on the longevity of matrimonial unions.To study this issue, a statistical analysis was conducted on 2139 women who were referred for divorce to official offices in centers of provinces of Iran (excluding Tehran) between the years of marriage and the number of children. The analysis was based on secondary data from the marriage and divorce survey (2017-2018) and utilized statistical methods including multivariate linear regression and comparison of means.The statistical analysis in this article incorporated control variables such as marriage and divorce, which pertained to individual characteristics. The findings from the multiple linear regression analysis indicate that there is a positive correlation between the number of offspring and the duration of marriage. 54% of the variance in the dependent variable can be accounted for by this unique variable.The offspring, regarded as unique assets of the marriage, appear to contribute positively to its longevity. Subsequent research endeavors may enhance our understanding of the significance of children as a cornerstone of the family unit in strengthening matrimony through an investigation into the prevalence of divorce among children in Iran.

Intervening factors can lead to a decrease or increase in the vulnerability of women after divorce. This study aims to know the intervening factors in the vulnerability of women after divorce. Using a qualitative method, based on a content analysis approach, conventional content analysis, and heterogeneous purposive sampling, were conducted through semi-structured interviews with 35 divorced women. Triangulation was done by three different methods observation, interview, and study of divorce literature. According to the findings, 2 main themes, 5 categories and 25 subcategories were identified. The results showed that, in general, individual and extra-individual intervening factors have an effect on the vulnerability of women after divorce. While it may not be possible to address all contributing factors, one significant aspect that can be addressed through psychological intervention is the role of the woman's family. By raising awareness about the stressful impact of divorce and promoting a culture where parents seek counseling to better support their daughter post-divorce, the severity of women's vulnerability can be reduced.

The city of Ahvaz was chosen as the focus of this research because of its unique cultural and social dynamics, which may have different reasons for divorce than other regions of Iran. By examining the views of people on the verge of divorce, family counselors and judges, a comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting divorce in this particular field can be achieved. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 13 people on the verge of divorce, 5 judges and 2 family counselors and analyzed using thematic analysis. The reliability of the research was confirmed through qualitative data evaluation criteria. Different themes and sub-themes in the field of historical structural contexts of women's habitat, such as consanguineous marriage, age difference and high emphasis on marriage, as well as patriarchal culture, violence and lack of resources for independent life and individual factors emerged from the interviews. Also, the results of this study highlight new cases of divorce due to the border of Khuzestan province and expedient divorce, which is a unique type due to the geographical location of Khuzestan province and economic inflation. Strictness in marriage instead of divorce, punishment for foreign nationals who marry women illegally, training in marital life skills, promoting equality in marriage, increasing supervision of counseling, and holding joint meetings between married people. Volunteers and those who are about to get married are suggested to gain experience in the form of non-governmental organizations as solutions to reduce divorce.​