driving violations

Many factors, including human behavioral and attitudinal dimensions, effect on the perpetration of driving violations. This study has investigated the role of culture and attitude to driving in outbreak of violations among Internet taxi drivers in Sanandaj, with a sociological approach and based on the theoretical literature related to social action and behavior, especially the theory of rational action and planned behavior.

This study is a quantitative research and was conducted by survey method in 2020 year. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was verified in terms of validity and reliability. The statistical population of the study was SNAP drivers in Sanandaj with an approximate population of 10,000 people and according to Krejcie and Morgan table, 373 samples were estimated. The samples were selected by simple random sampling. To analyze the data Univariate statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, enter method multivariate regression analysis and path analysis was used.

The results showed that some aspects of driving culture have a more important role in the driving violations; so that a weaker driving culture is associated with more violations and vice versa. Also, a more positive driving attitude was associated with less violations and a more negative driving attitude was associated with more violations. The average of violations rate was higher in younger, single drivers, and people who hold their obtaining certificate for a shorter time. Multivariate analysis showed that the variables of marital status, social responsibility, participation and pattern ability can explain together 25.5% of changes in the dependent variable.

According to the results of this study, social responsibility is one of the most important and strongest variables affecting driving violations and therefore should be given more attention in educational programs and policies.

Today's world and the development of modern technology and industry and lifestyle has required driving. In the culture of societies, driving and owning a car has become a socio-economic asset. In the meantime, not all citizens obey the traffic law, violation of traffic norms, conflict with the police during fines and registration of violations and the desire to break the law as a pleasant and enjoyable behavior, is seen in activists who drive in the city or They are moving around and also the volume of traffic violations in Iran, despite the crimes and costs of violations as well as official control, is increasing and is part of the main issues of the IRIPF corridor as it takes up part of the time and energy of IRIPF manpower. Finally, the purpose of this study is to study the factors affecting driving violations in Iran by cma2 method.

Quantitative research method (meta-analysis), its instrument, inverse questionnaire, period 2011-2021, purposive-non-probabilistic sampling method, the statistical population of which is 36 researches in which 25 samples of survey document have been selected.

The results show that driving violations in Iran under the influence of capital factors (Effect size = 0.381), control (Effect size = 0.282), behavioral (Effect size = 0.204), structural (Effect = 0.189) size), ethical (Effect size = 0.198) and demographic-contextual (Effect size = 0.281) and in total, the above variables have been able to explain 0.289 of traffic violations.

Accordingly, what links traffic rules (traffic and driving) with drivers. The level of socio-cultural capital, compliance with control institutions (no sense of conflict with the police, respect for the police when recording violations, democratization of drivers' performance monitoring) and self-concept in front of society (no sense of discrimination-injustice) Lack of failure is respect for one's identity as a cultural citizen.

According to forensic medicine statistics from 2011 to2018, The average death from accidents in Iran has been 17500 people a year.Among the factors affecting the occurrence of a accidents, the determinant roleof drivers' attitudes and beliefs is of great importance in the manner and extentof compliance with the driving rules.

This research is applicable in terms of purpose and survey in terms ofdescriptive-analytical data collection method. The statistical population of thisstudy consisted of traffic offenders in Tehran who sample size was considered390 people using Cochran formula and cluster random sampling method. Datacollection tool included 44-item researcher-made questionnaire based oncomponents of the theory of planned behavior and seventeen incidentalviolations checklist. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean andstandard deviation as well as inferential statistics methods such as structuralequation method, regression analysis and discriminant coefficient were usedfor data analysis.

The findings indicate the high power of the components of attitude,behavioral intention, normative beliefs and perceived behavioral control inpredicting the behavior of driving offenders with different levels of incident.The difference between the two groups of low-violent and high- violentincident drivers was that the low-violent incident drivers had a strongerperceived control belief than the other group.

Regarding the influential role of attitudes and normative beliefsin determining the behavior of drivers, designing interventional programs isimportant for enhancing positive attitudes towards traffic safety observance.

Traffic security is considered as a security issue in the country. It is considered to be the rights of citizens and the its provision that it is duty of government in order to prevent traffic offenses, and with the suggestion of three levels of prevention, including preventive, social prevention and provisional prevention and punishment prevention of the issue in the field of social prevention of driving violations that the current research has been carried out on driving violations that include the avoidance of criminal offenses committed by road traffic offenders, the timely and appropriate collection of fines on suburban bus drivers. The type of research is field. 100 people were selected for sample size. Road police and traffic police chiefs of provinces and police chiefs of provincial centers have been selected as the statistical population as a whole number. After receiving the validation in the face validity of the questionnaire from the elites (Ph.D. students of traffic safety management), a questionnaire was provided to them. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the amount of traffic offenses and comprehensive surveillance in preventing criminal offenses in the prevention of offenders' In the prevention of violations of drivers of the transportation sector of suburban passenger (bus drivers). The results of the study show that there is a certain validity among the avoidance of non-punishment and prevention of driving violations, timely collection and avoiding driving violations, and the proportionality of fines with the conflict of the interests of citizens resulting from violation of the traffic rules. It is suggested that lay down the rules and regulations and correction of the law of addressing driving violations are to be used in three areas of effective factors as a strategic model in preventing driving violations and, consequently, reducing traffic accidents with the title of comprehensive monitoring and compilation of penalties in terms of severity, speed and certainty which is effective in deterrence.

Statistics show that Iran has a larger share in terms of driving violations andaccidents in the world. According to statistics from traffic experts, about 3percent of our nation's gross domestic product annually is spent on the effectsand consequences of traffic violations. Considering the importance of the trafficdiscussion, in this study, taking into account a number of parameters related todriving violations, including offender information, vehicle information andvehicle specifications, and modeling through tools such as decision tree andfeature selection have been addressed to investigate and recognize the offendingdrivers. The data used in this study was collected during the three months of theyear 2013 based on traffic violations in Kerman. Research innovation is basedon the study of the identification of the behavior of incidental drivers and themethodology presented in this field, which first extracted important features forcategorizing drivers violated based on the purpose, and then the clusters ofdrivers will take shape. This method is implemented on real data. The results ofthis research have the potential to be implemented as a software package forregistration and control systems for traffic violations

The main causes of traffic accidents, the human factor and violation of laws and regulations. Human is involved in various types of accidents, one of the most important and most known of which is the non-observance of traffic regulations, in other words, the distance between his behavior and the desired behavior in the traffic system Driving traffic control and monitoring is one of the biggest concerns of the transport authorities, which high rates of violations and resulting accidents indicate that this has not yet been achieved. At present, the method of controlling the performance of drivers is manual and in person, as well as electronic and non-attendance. This research was conducted with the aim of studying the effectiveness of the methods of applying this law on improving driving behavior of citizens in the suburban roads of Semnan province. Has been studied . This research, based on quantitative studies, is descriptive and analytic in pursuit of applied goals. The statistics used in this research were the application of the law of violations monitored by speed control cameras on the roads of Semnan province in 1395 and compared with the same period in 1394 and a survey of a questionnaire of drivers of the general public passenger transport and offshore officers Police stations are the provincial roads. Investigating the practice of applying the law The sample drivers surveyed show that around 43% of drivers were fined both manually and electronically, and 36.5% manually and only 7.5% electronically, suggesting a small part of the law enforcement The non-personal approach is that the results of this study, based on the average rating calculated on the difference in the impact of manual and electronic law enforcement practices and its impact on driver behavior, indicate that the e-way is also in terms of road policemen And, in terms of drivers of the public passenger fleet, it has a greater impact on driving behavior change it has.

Road accident in Iran is about five times more than that of industrialized countries and Iran has the fourth place in the world. Researches confirm the ambition of a greater share of human factors in accidents compared to other factors. Since violation of the law has negative consequences for offenders this study explores the reasons and grounds for which drivers engage to violation of driving laws on the roads despite awareness of the consequences of such behaviors. The study applied a qualitative method using grounded theory approach. Three highway police stations selected based on the density of accidents criteria. A total of 61 participants who have offended driving law at least during the recent quarter were interviewed. Moreover, three group discussions were held with participants who captured by the police for offending driving law. The study findings show that 7 underling factors of driving law violation are: cultural and training poverty of drivers, unfavorable conditions physical and psychological of driver, favorable financial conditions of the driver, shortcomings of existing driving laws, inappropriate treatments of police officers, unsuitable quantity and quality of roads, despite the negative and competitive mentality of driver. The study suggests that contribution of human factors apart from contribution of other factors cannot be checked.

The field and Today, right or wrong, good or bad, the "machine" has
shone in its general and specific sense of human life, and has penetrated all aspects
of human life. Driving violations is one of the main issues of social and one of the
most important concerns of today's societies in the context of intra-urban and
suburban traffic control that causes a great deal of damage to the family and
community institutions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of
driving violations, to control the traffic situation, facilitate, accelerate the movement
of vehicles, reduce traffic violations and suggest suitable solutions to solve traffic
problems in Arak city. This research based on the nature and purpose is in terms of
the practical research and the current methodology and the descriptive, analytical
and research method for collecting information and by providing a questionnaire and
field study and participatory observation and complementary techniques such as
library and documentary techniques. It was also used.
The statistical population of the drivers of Arak city was calculated by
random sampling for sampling of percentages of frequencies and sample population
using the Takman table and about 100 people were selected through the Cochran
formula. In this study, Durkheim, Merton, Sutherland and WalterRelex theory were
used to explain the tendency to violate traffic laws and to ensure the validity of the
data collection tool, the opinions of the experts of the traffic police and some of the
completers of the questionnaire (drivers) . The questionnaire is divided into 5 levels
(very high, high, moderate, low and very low) according to Likert scale. Chi-square
test is used as a tool and hypothesis test, respectively.
The results of the study showed that among all the hypotheses such as age
(29.75% of the ages (25-35 years), gender (92% of men), level of education and
literacy (93.26% up to high school), unawareness of people (62%) and lack of social
participation (87%) There is a direct relationship between as independent variables
and driving violations as dependent variable.

One way of regulating traffic and preventing the loss of citizenship rights and reducing traffic accidents is to properly and appropriately deal with offenders in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. For a long time, different societies have been resorting to methods that have been the most commonly used financial penalties for offenders. The assessment of the effect of law enforcement on driver's traffic behavior shows that the use of visual surveillance systems, or, in other words, electronic eyes, has the capability to capture and record most of the traffic violations. Reducing violations and accidents in cities that use electronic methods to control the traffic and enforce the law of offenders, in particular a significant reduction in the location of camera-mounted visual monitoring cameras on the legality and growth of the driver's traffic culture in the shade Traffic monitoring and control centers are active, and on the other hand, in line with controlling and monitoring the traffic users' performance, traffic training should be continually performed to gradually change and modify the behavior of drivers in the community. In this paper, it has been tried to use a descriptive - library research method and, in a nutshell, a variety of methods of applying the law of driving violations in Iran and its impact on the modification of the A Study of Types of Driving Law Violations in Iran behavior of drivers is investigated and analyzed.

This study has examined the different driving reaction time and violations during day and night time. The methodology of this study is analytic – descriptive. The sample of this study include Tehran’s’ accidental and non accidental drivers. In this study 407 person have been tested (206 accidental drivers and 201 non accidental drivers). Both groups have been selected by random sampling. Choronoscope is used for measuring reaction time. The result shows that in non accidental the leading cause of accident is related to complex reaction time and light effect. There is no meaningful between reaction time and the rate of fine payment. The selective reaction time is the most important reaction time which is related to driving time in non accidental drivers. There is meaningful relationship between simple and complex reaction time and driving time. Complex reaction time and light stimulus are related to driving time.