empowerment

The present study aims to identify the factors influencing the implementation of the STEM curriculum from the perspective of teachers, using a qualitative approach and the grounded theory method. The participants included 13 teachers, principals, and educational experts from primary schools in Sarpol-e Zahab County, selected through purposive theoretical sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. The results showed that the factors influencing the implementation of the STEM curriculum can be categorized into three groups: antecedent conditions (the need for continuous improvement), contextual conditions (effective teaching skills), and intervening conditions (environmental factors). Additionally, various strategies and implications were proposed for the successful implementation of the STEM curriculum, including optimizing the curriculum, addressing students' needs, enhancing participation and interpersonal interaction, implementing inquiry-based teaching, holding questioning sessions, encouraging individual exploration, applying practical content, fostering creativity, improving critical thinking and problem-solving skills, advancing academic performance, self-assessment, having a holistic view, using skills in the real world, developing teamwork skills, increasing responsibility, nurturing ethical values, and adapting to the environment. The results indicated that the successful implementation of this program depends on environmental conditions and requires empowering teachers through professional training, improving teaching skills, and providing supportive frameworks within schools.

Today, without considering half of the capital of society (women), sustainable and comprehensive development cannot be achieved, and in other words, it is one of the basic prerequisites of sustainable development. The experience of the international community proves that the presence and participation of women in the public sphere, various levels of decision-making and improving the quality of government services in developed countries have contributed significantly. Achieving this is not easy, and women must be empowered as effective agents in various social, economic and political affairs. Therefore, providing the grounds for empowering citizens is certainly one of the most important tasks of governments. Because, citizens can participate who have the necessary capacity, capabilities and capabilities. Therefore, empowerment is increasing the power, capacity and capabilities of a specific group to carry out affairs or change conditions and situations. The main indicator of women's empowerment is political participation in the field of political decision-making. Women's political participation does not simply mean their participation in elections and voting, but rather that women have an active and effective role in all democratic institutions. Unfortunately, this is while gender still plays a decisive role in the division of political and cultural duties.

Cultural and artistic capacities are enhanced by utilizing the talents of vulnerable individuals, which strengthens their social skills and creates employment opportunities at both individual and community levels. Cultural and artistic empowerment programs have been successfully implemented in various vulnerable urban and rural areas worldwide, transforming these regions into well-known tourist destinations. This article employs a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing available data and information to examine two case studies: one international and one domestic. The international example is La Rambla street in Barcelona, Spain, where the talents of marginalized individuals are showcased through live art performances. This initiative not only empowers vulnerable groups but also establishes La Rambla as one of the most attractive tourist centers. In Iran, similar initiatives have been observed, such as the empowerment of local women on Hormoz Island, who create art using the island’s colored sands. Additionally, the Yamal startup event on Qeshm Island has leveraged the region's environmental and cultural resources, fostering social participation among the local population and generating employment, particularly for women. As a result, these efforts have transformed the area into a popular tourist destination.

Women, as one of the main pillars of the family, play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and boundaries of the household. Since the family, as the fundamental social unit, has a direct impact on the growth or decline of societies, attention to its empowerment is essential. To prevent the destructive consequences of social collapse, strengthening and empowering the family in individual, familial, social, and international dimensions is of paramount importance. In this regard, governmental organizations must design programs to empower social structures and enhance international capabilities, taking political considerations into account.Conversely, contemporary feminist movements, especially on a global scale, emphasize that women do not need to depend on men and should receive education in all dimensions. This idea has been pursued in many countries, particularly in developing nations, in the form of women's empowerment programs. This study provides a comprehensive perspective on women's empowerment in cultural, economic, political, and social aspects, aiming to include all women, not just those who are heads of households.The present study was conducted using a qualitative approach and in-depth interviews. The results indicate that women's empowerment is influenced by two categories of factors: internal and external. Women themselves act as an internal factor, while spouses, parents, and cultural institutions are identified as external influential factors.

In this research, we used Delphi fuzzy and ahp fuzzy to identify the drivers of good urban governance in the direction of empowering the population living in the marginal areas of Zabul, emphasizing the role of non-governmental organizations. The research method of this research is descriptive-survey and applied, and the sample population in this research was identified and selected based on the purposeful judgment method of 20 experts who have the necessary expertise and knowledge in the field of research. According to the results obtained from the opinions of experts, the contextual dimension has the highest level of importance and was placed in the first priority, and the structural and behavioral dimensions got the second and third priority respectively. In the drivers of the contextual, structural and behavioral dimensions, respectively, to promote the activities of agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries, handicrafts, workshops, tourism and the development of border markets in the villages of the region with the cooperation of social networks, the press, support and demands of local influential groups, reflecting the problems of the villagers and attracting People's support, the result of which is empowering the village and preventing the migration of people to the city. In the context of the creation of local entrepreneurship funds, self-help and Qarzul-Hasna, the fruitfulness of implementing Islamic banking in order to provide facilities to young people for self-employment, entrepreneurship, marriage and housing loans with the participation and initial capital of the people themselves and the support of regional and national charitable organizations. In the structural dimension and strengthening the social interactions of the residents in the residential areas through the holding of training courses in the schools and mosques of the neighborhood for women to improve the communication space within the family and to know how to face the challenges of their children and the correct education of the children in the behavioral dimension, the highest priority was included.

The empowerment of women has been acknowledged as a critical concept across various strategies, especially in recent times, drawing the interest of numerous advocates for women's rights, as well as governmental and non-governmental entities. Consequently, the objective of this investigation is to shed light on the sociological effects of personal predispositions as a form of agency on the economic empowerment of women in Tehran.Employing a quantitative approach, this research utilized a survey method with a multi-stage cluster random sampling technique, identifying a statistical population of 402 individuals as per the Cochran formula.The analysis, based on a multiple regression model, demonstrates that the independent variables of the study collectively account for approximately 25% of the variance in the economic empowerment of women. The findings suggest that the most significant factor influencing women's propensity for economic empowerment in Tehran is their entrepreneurial spirit. Subsequent influential factors include self-esteem, independence, a penchant for innovation, a rejection of fatalism, competitiveness, self-efficacy, and the ambition for advancement.Further analysis explored the influence of “marital status,” “education,” and “employment” on the economic empowerment of women in Tehran. The results indicated that unmarried women with higher levels of education and those who are employed exhibit greater economic empowerment than their counterparts in different circumstances.The research conclusions suggest that the economic empowerment of women can foster their greater involvement in the economy, contribute to economic growth, and bolster the economic stability of households. Policymakers must create supportive environments and provide resources to boost women's inclinations.

The issue of women's empowerment is one of the most fundamental issues of contemporary societies, which has an inevitable link with their development. In Iran, in the fourth development program, women's empowerment was included among macro and executive policies. To that extend, many researches in different fields have tried to evaluate and measure the issue of women's empowerment in the country. The aim of the current research is to meta-analyze the studies conducted in the field of women's economic empowerment to provide a comprehensive picture of the findings and characteristics of the obtained studies. Qualitative meta-analysis method provides the possibility of evaluating and reviewing studies in two parts, formal and structural characteristics as well as content findings. A total of 70 reviewed studies including various articles and theses shared the two keywords of economic empowerment and women. A range of virtual databases such as Normagz and humanities database to the libraries of prestigious universities of the country are the source of data collection. Results show since mid-1990s, we have faced a considerable number of studies in this field. The applied methods are mostly quantitative and based on large-scale questionnaires. The results of the descriptive findings show that the executive policies of this field are mainly partial, in line with non-functional support (dependent) and without enough attention on the specificities and different coordinates of its fields, and there is a need to focus on the different needs of women, gender and cultural norms, and the infrastructure of each region.

The current research was conducted with the aim of "providing a model to empower social network users in the field of cultural security". For this purpose, a qualitative method based on foundational data theory including open, axial and selective coding was used, using the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin. In this regard, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted using theoretical sampling with professors in communication sciences, sociology, management, law and information technology. In this context, 39 interviews were conducted and data collection continued until information saturation. The main phenomenon of this research was empowering users. The causal conditions of this research included: communication behavior of users, characteristics of messengers, individual and personality characteristics, cultural security in virtual structure, etc., and background conditions included: cultural information, cultural adherence, strengthening of cultural symbols, cultural infrastructure of users and ... was identified from the perspective of the participants. Also, the intervening conditions of the research included: use of native language, consequences of banning users, cultural threats, cultural damages, etc. In the following, the existing strategies include: promotion of intellectual culture, persuasion of emerging ideas, awareness of soft war, self-centered education, etc. were identified. Also, its consequences include: the effectiveness of user empowerment, the effectiveness of content production, the future research of technology, cultural luxuries, etc. were expressed in the form of a paradigmatic model of the underlying theory.

As a fundamental requirement for national progress, rural development must take precedence over other initiatives in development strategies. Among the most effective strategies for the sustainable and all-encompassing development of rural communities is maximizing the capabilities and participation of individuals, particularly villagers, in every aspect.The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of social capital on the local progress of the villages of Goldasht, Jangalabad, and Gazabad in Ghalaganj County, situated in the southern region of Kerman province. This will be achieved through the utilization of social network analysis over two distinct time periods: prior to and subsequent to the execution of the community empowerment initiative. The required data were gathered in this manner through the distribution of a network analysis questionnaire and conducting direct interviews with 251 members of the local microcredit fund, employing a full network approach.The results indicate that the density index for two ties of trust and collaboration has increased in all villages examined since the empowerment plan was implemented; Gazabad village has the maximum density associated with the tie of trust (90.1). An increase in population density results in the development of trust, participation and social capital at the individual level. The increase in the reciprocity index further demonstrates the significance and efficacy of the empowerment plan in fostering trust and collaboration among nations, bolstering social capital, and ultimately enhancing individual empowerment.The confidence of microcredit fund members has increased and their willingness to participate has been strengthened as a result of the empowerment project’s implementation, according to the results. This underscores the effectiveness of the community-based approach as a means to augment social capital. Therefore, administrators and policymakers can devise strategies to enhance sustainable rural management by utilizing these findings.

Empowerment is a process whose goal is the full participation of women in decisions related to their own lives. In this process, women are empowered and their agency is recognized as activists and agents of change. It is a process in which women describe and recreate what they could and could not do before. This empowerment can include measures to improve the status of women through education, increasing awareness, literacy, and training. Women can increase self-confidence to play a role and actively participate in decision-making on various issues of society. Empowerment has a long history in the world, and in Iran, there are activities to empower women. These programs are being implemented in Kerman City as well, but the consequences of these programs have not been given much attention. Therefore, the purpose of this Grounded Theory is to discover and understand the consequences of women’s empowerment in the city of Kerman from the point of view of the participants in these programs, and the main issue of the current research is what are the consequences of the women’s empowerment in Kerman and what are the consequences of participating in these programs for women. had? To collect data, semi-structured in-depth interviews were used and interviews were conducted with 21 women who participated in the empowerment processes of government organizations and people’s institutions in Kerman until reaching theoretical saturation. In addition to theoretical sampling, the sampling method was purposeful and maintained maximum diversity. Then, using open, central, and selective coding, the research findings were extracted. By extracting interviews and performing three stages of coding, 18 sub-categories and 5 main categories were obtained, and the main categories are the consequences of women’s empowerment in Kerman city, which are: personal development, life management, financial prosperity, and facing difficulties. continuity and creativity. The core category is also: reproduction.

Women's empowerment is a critical topic included in a wide range of programs and policies of various institutions worldwide. Despite this, research in cognitive sciences, particularly regarding cognition and cognitive abilities, has often been overlooked in many of these policies. This research aims to bridge this gap by providing a framework for empowering women in governance based on cognitive science studies. It employs a two-step method comprising a scoping review and content analysis. The study's findings include 18 key elements of women's empowerment derived from cognitive studies and a conceptual framework. These results can guide experts, researchers, and policymakers interested in empowerment, governance, and women's issues in their decision-making processes. Additionally, this research advocates for the creation of a network of related concepts, facilitating collaboration and knowledge sharing.The significance of this study extends to applied research, aiming to connect different fields of governance and cognitive science. It highlights the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in addressing complex issues and identifies conceptual gaps that can inspire further research. By doing so, it opens new pathways for those interested in interdisciplinary studies, offering a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between cognitive sciences and women's empowerment. This comprehensive approach not only enriches the academic discourse but also has practical implications for policy and governance, ultimately contributing to more effective and inclusive empowerment strategies.

In today's world, crime poses a significant challenge to development. The high incidence of crimes, particularly violent robberies, directly affects the sense of security and well-being of individuals, presenting serious obstacles to growth and progress. Recent trends indicate that violent crimes, such as robberies, are a pressing issue in Iran and Khuzestan Province is no exception. With a population of approximately 5 million people across 29 cities, Khuzestan experiences a rate of violent crimes that exceeds the national average, warranting focused attention. A review of existing studies reveals that, despite the serious repercussions of robberies in Khuzestan, effective strategies to address violent crimes have not been thoroughly identified or prioritized. Therefore, the primary objective of this research was to identify and rank strategies for combating violent robberies in Khuzestan Province.

This study employed a qualitative research design for practical purposes and adopted a cross-sectional approach regarding both timing and data collection methods. Given the nature and objectives of the research, we utilized a qualitative methodology alongside an interpretive structural modeling approach. The participants comprised 33 key informants from Khuzestan Province, including faculty members from the Departments of Economics, Sociology, and Psychology at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, as well as senior law enforcement experts in the region. Participants were selected through purposeful sampling, adhering to the principle of theoretical saturation. Data collection was conducted using semi-structured interviews and the findings were analyzed and ranked utilizing MicMac software.

In any society, the occurrence of crimes, particularly violent robberies, incurs significant costs for both communities and individuals, necessitating an immediate response and collaboration among all responsible institutions. Identifying and prioritizing solutions to address violent robberies through the cooperation and synergy of these institutions allow for a more scientific approach to combating violent crime, enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of law enforcement.The findings of this research indicated that addressing violent crimes relied on several key strategies. These included decisive action by the judiciary against perpetrators of violent robberies, ensuring quick and easy access to crime detection systems and implementing training programs for new strategies to confront robbers. Other important measures involved engaging expert guidance, promoting effective urban design and planning, strengthening inter-agency collaboration, and enhancing police relationships with executive bodies. Additionally, strategies, such as creating jobs, expanding police authority within legal frameworks, amending relevant laws, and empowering employees economically and psychologically, were crucial. Public education and awareness campaigns through mass media, enhancing visible and covert surveillance in high-crime areas, prioritizing specialization and meritocracy in recruitment, and increasing community involvement in addressing violent crimes were all essential steps. Moreover, it was vital to hold executive bodies accountable for their roles in this effort.The results also indicated that the most important solutions for addressing violent robberies in Khuzestan Province included the following: 1) prevention of drug addiction, 2) economic and psychological empowerment of human resources, 3) strengthening both visible and covert surveillance in crime-prone areas, 4) strict action by the judiciary against criminals, 5) preventing and addressing the importation of weapons into the country, and 6) educating and informing the public.Overall, based on the findings of this research, the following recommendations are made to combat violent robberies in Khuzestan Province: 1) enhancing the psychological and economic well-being of the police through improved support and practical training programs, 2) promoting public surveillance, increasing regular police patrols, and installing CCTV cameras in high-crime areas, 3) adopting a decisive approach by the judiciary towards offenders, 4) fostering job creation and improving business opportunities in Khuzestan Province, and 5) monitoring and addressing drug addiction rates among the youth.

The tourism industry, as an industry that provides women access to job opportunities and economic participation, has played an important role in empowering women. Qeshm Global Geopark, as a tourism destination that has expressed cooperation with economic activists of local community as one of its goals, has been able to create many opportunities for women's employment. According to this issue, the present research examines whether the development of tourism in the village of Borke Khalaf has empowered the women of the village through their active participation in handicraft production cooperatives, and what evidence and documentation are there in relation to the empowerment of women in the village of Borke Khalaf can be identified.The method used in this research is a combination of observation methods, qualitative interview and memory protocol.The results of the research show that the development of tourism activities in Qeshm Geopark has been effective in empowering women in various economic, social, psychological and political dimensions.Due to the positive performance, this cooperative was able to act as a model for women in other villages of the island. Also, the managers of the Geopark emphasized the alignment of the activities of these cooperatives with the fifth goal of development, which deals with the issue of gender equality, and in this regard, they implemented educational programs for women in other villages.

The development of tourism in local communities cannot be achieved without the participation of community leaders and local people, and citizens can participate in the affairs of their community if they have the necessary capabilities. This research uses the mixed method (combination of qualitative and quantitative) in order to analyze the data and generally has three main phases. In the first phase, using the content analysis technique, the coding of interviews from the first research sample which includes experts in the field of tourism and heritage, was done. Based on the basics of the research, open and central codes were compiled in the form of four dimensions of localized empowerment for Hawraman region. At the second and third phase, in order to quantify the data and compare the results between the experts and the local community samples a questionnaire was developed and distributed among a sample of experts and a sample of the community, respectively. The findings show that what is important from the point of view of the community of experts is social empowerment, and the operational gap is more visible at this part of the empowerment in Hawraman region. While local community believe thats economic empowerment is the first priority and the implementation gap in Hawraman region is more obvious in this regard. It seems that economic and then social empowerment are the most vital indicators and it specifies the importance of the economic dimension from the point of view of the local community.

Historical-cultural places carry a significance that extends beyond their physical attributes; they embody social relationships and values that are important in defining their meaning. Considering this, they require conservation alongside attention to interdisciplinary approaches. Meanwhile, a major obstacle to meaning-based conservation is the communication gap and the conflict of interest among various beneficiaries, indicating a lack of social capital regarding conservation. This article aims to shed light on the process of utilizing social capital as an interdisciplinary phenomenon that can effectively preserve historical and cultural places. The study was done using a descriptive-analytical approach based on library and documentary sources. The findings reveal that the untapped communicative potential of historical and cultural places can be utilized to enhance social structures and reinforce social capital for the purpose of conservation. This method is achievable in urban neighborhoods and when interdisciplinary techniques are applied. In line with the proposed framework, improving the cognitive component of social capital and the network of shared environmental meanings, which includes emotional, cultural, social, and functional categories, result in the development and progression of social values. These include a sense of belonging, commitment, cooperation, and influence, all of which have the potential to stimulate social capital for conservation and cyclically enhance the place-based communication context. In this respect, actions such as promoting cultural awareness, preserving the sensory appeal and memorable aspects of the environment, upholding traditions, enhancing the quality of spaces for social interaction, and supporting local businesses are compulsory.

  Due to the extensive social and demographic changes in Iran’s society in recent years, including the increase in the age of marriage and divorce, addiction, immigration, disability, retirement, and the feminization of old age, the number of female heads of households has increased. Therefore, how the legislator and organizations in charge of empowering women heads of the household deal with is one of the most important factors affecting the empowerment of these women.

This research, which was carried out qualitatively and by reviewing documents, tried to check what the concept of female head of household and empowerment is based on in the laws and regulations, what role is defined for each of the custodian organizations in this field? and which capabilities (welfare, access, awareness, participation, balance between men and women) and achievements (material, psychological and social) have been targeted.

The results showed that although the exact definition of empowerment is the empowerment of women in social relationships and structures, such a definition has not been placed on the agenda. The legislator’s attitude towards the role of trustee organizations is based on a supportive approach, not empowerment. From the legislator’s point of view, female guardianship is considered a harm, and while ignoring women’s right to choose, they tend to encourage women to leave this situation and remarry. The legislator’s emphasis is only on welfare capabilities and material achievements, and other capabilities and achievements are neglected.

Because of this, most of the empowerment programs have been defined on the axis of employment and entrepreneurship, and other aspects of empowerment have been considered only in a secondary way or have been completely forgotten or denied. In the empowerment programs of women heads of households, instead of comprehensive targeting and taking action to change the space and environment of these women and the stereotypes and social relations that cause their disability, each of these women has been targeted individually.

One of the factors affecting poverty and deprivation of villagers in some regions of the country is the lack of suitable facilities for their employment. Many organizations have paid special attention to the villagers and have implemented many plans to solve their problems. The Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation, as a support organization, is one of them that takes measures in this field. The purpose of the current research is to assess the job creation plans of the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation and examine its strengthes and weaknesses. In this research, semi-structured interviews were held with 20 of the people who received job creation loans from the Foundation during 2015-2018 and two officials of the Foundation. This job creation plan has been satisfactory for most of the people we studied. This plan has led to an improvement in their income compared to before receiving employment loans, creation of employment, reduction of seasonal migration from village to city, etc. Low loan interest and livestock insurance are also its other advantages. The villagers also expressed some weaknesses for this plan, including insufficient loans, long process and difficult conditions for receiving loans, inappropriate timing for repayment the loan installments, lack of solution in the time of losses of villagers, etc., which are necessary to pay attention.

The emergence of non-governmental organizations in Sardasht is tied to the diversity and intensification of social problems. This research analyzes the experiences of Sardasht non-governmental organizations in the construction of social problems within the framework of the constructivist approach. The current study method is urban ethnography and data is collected through semi-structured interviews and coded through thematic analysis. The studied samples included 34 civil activists who have been continuously active in 31 non-governmental organizations and were selected by sampling method with maximum diversity. Results Based on the field data, "constructing social issues" as an approach has been the cause of the emergence of most non-governmental organizations in Sardasht. In order to make people aware of social issues, these organizations have used the strategies of "platforming", "sensitizing" and "needs/demand assessment" as "claim making strategies" and by resorting to measures such as "intellectual empowerment", "practical empowerment" and "providing services". Direct" have begun to build solutions. The solutions and actions of non-governmental organizations can be categorized under individual solutions and the direction of their actions has been focused on individual change. The mentioned approach does not lead to institutional and social changes due to the continuation of the structural conditions of social problems and harms.