laclau

 Research on the provenance of artworks has become one of the most significant areas of museum activity today. During the institutional reforms of ICOM (1971–1974), provenance and ethical considerations in acquiring artworks emerged as primary concerns. Today, provenance research and restitution processes are essential for museums. This study analyzes the exhibition A Future for the Past at Kunsthaus Zürich, examining the challenges museums face in confronting hidden histories, ensuring transparency, and adhering to ethical codes. Featuring the Emil Bührle Collection, this exhibition provides an opportunity to rethink the display of artworks as a discursive process. The article also explores how hegemonic museum discourse engages with controversial issues. The primary objective is to investigate the role of museums in shaping historical, political, ethical, and social values in the representation of artworks. Using Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse analysis, the research argues that all museum practices derive meaning within specific discursive frameworks. A Future for the Past is examined as a meaningful intervention within competing discourses.The central research questions are:What discourses can be identified within the Kunsthaus Zürich? How does the museum attempt to temporarily stabilize meaning through this exhibition? Which discourse is dominant in the museum’s discursive order, and what identity is created or reinforced for the museum?

The study identifies and describes existing discourses using archival documents, exhibition catalogs, interviews, curatorial panels, and other sources. According to Laclau and Mouffe, discourse includes linguistic and non-linguistic elements, such as selection, display, arrangement, and categorization. The study examines how these discourses form, structure, and become hegemonic.

Findings suggest that within the discursive order of the Kunsthaus Zürich, competing and conflicting discourses can be identified. The discourses analyzed in this study include:1. Historical Discourse: While A Future for the Past claims to focus on provenance and Jewish collectors during World War II, critics argue that it downplays the fate of looted artworks’ original owners.
2. Artistic Discourse: Frames the museum as a space for aesthetic appreciation, separating art from historical and ethical concerns. Kunsthaus Zürich follows the “art for art’s sake” approach, emphasizing “masterpieces” and “stylistic diversity.”
3. Ethical Discourse: This discourse seeks to balance the contentious provenance of artworks with the museum’s aesthetic mission.
4. Institutional (Museum) Discourse: Emphasizes the museum’s role as a public institution, engaging audiences through interactive spaces and discussions on historical and ethical issues. During controversies, the museum employs hegemonic interventions to manage tensions
Two dominant macro-discourses emerge:Artistic Discourse, emphasizing autonomy and neutrality of artworks.
Ethical Discourse, stressing the museum’s responsibility for provenance.
The conflict between these discourses represents a broader struggle between “ethical responsibility” and “artistic beauty.” Kunsthaus Zürich prioritizes displaying artworks, while ethical discourse critiques its decision to exhibit the Emil Bührle Collection.
Institutional discourse mediates between artistic and ethical discourses. The museum legitimizes displaying “artistic masterpieces” from World War II while justifying the Bührle Collection as part of collective memory. This approach marginalizes but does not eliminate ethical discourse, maintaining it as a secondary concern. The Bührle Foundation’s statement (June 14, 2024) reaffirms the museum’s commitment to ethical museum guidelines, incorporating “justice” and “adherence to ethical codes” into its mission.

Just as A Future for the Past challenges the museum’s role in handling controversial collections, this study invites reflection on provenance research and museum responsibilities. Analyzing how museum discourses emerge and evolve reveals how museums manage and represent collections and adapt to social changes. Future research should explore museums’ broader role beyond exhibiting artworks, analyze historical museum discourses, and assess adherence to principles such as equity, social justice, and transparency. These studies can contribute to understanding how museums navigate contemporary challenges.

Novels, As cultural products, represent a society with various discourses. Each discourse, with its own configurations, is constantly trying to make its meanings hegemonic. The current research is an attempt to analyze the discourse semiotics of gender with an emphasis on the theory of Laclau and Mufehe in the two novels "This street has no speed bumps" and "Rahesh". The main issue in the current research is how "gender" is represented in these novels. Also, how gender thoughts are reflected through the author's mentality in writing the novel and what is the author's point of view towards them. In terms of methodology, it is a descriptive and qualitative research, which uses library method to collect data. According to this method, the analysis of the novel includes three levels: textual analysis, intertextual analysis, contextual analysis. Textual analysis is dedicated to the semiotics of the novel's characters and finding the discourse order of the novel; In intertextual analysis, each novel is compared with novels of the same period; in contextual analysis, the relationship between the novel and larger social space is examined. Finally, the analysis of the propositions revealed that the main concern and theme of the novels; The obvious conflict between tradition and modernity lies in the social construction of gender, which is implicitly included in the inner layers of the text and lexical reflection, and the main character of the novels at all stages are in the conflict between the biological construction of gender and its social construction.

Persian proverbs, as a form of folk literature, reflect the cultural and intellectual inclinations of the people towards peace and non-violence. Considering the importance of revisiting cultural heritage to understand the capacities for peace, coexistence and reducing social conflicts, this study extracts and categorizes examples of social tolerance in Persian proverbs, including religious tolerance, behavioral tolerance, passive tolerance, and general tolerance. Utilizing the concept of discourse as outlined by Laclau and Mouffe, this study reveals aspects of the dominant intellectual patterns reflected in these proverbs, identifying sources of power and factors influencing the representation of social tolerance. The research findings are categorized according to Peter King's components of social tolerance and by employing the discourse analysis method, the impact of religious, individualistic and peace discourse on social tolerance as an element of public morality is explored. The results indicate that the discourse of peace and its associated humanitarian tendencies are most frequently represented as markers of social tolerance in the Persian proverbs studied.

In recent years, the large-scale Arbaeen Walking Ceremony with the presence of tens of millions of people from different countries and nationalities has attracted the attention of analysts and researchers, and researchers have studied it from the perspective of religious, sociological, anthropological, political and strategic studies. In this research, the discourse model of "Ernest Laclau " and "Chantal Mouffe" has been used to study Arbaeen Walking. The main question of the article is, what are the discourse markers of the Arbaeen walk in individual and collective dimensions? According to the results of this research, in the Arbaeen Walk, keeping alive the memory of Imam Hussain (a.s.) and the martyrs of Karbala is a central sign that can lead to the articulation of other signs by attracting floating signs and in individual and collective dimensions. Also, the Arbaeen Walk has the capacity to marginalize other discourses such as Secularism and Takfirism based on hegemony and discourse competition. The current research was conducted with a qualitative approach and discourse analysis method.

Hegemony and socialist strategy; towards radical democratic politics of Laclau and Moff (1985), in the face of the confusion of the new left proposed the theory of radical democracy. This theory is progressive in at least two respects: 1. Democracy based on antagonistic politics. Laclau and Muoffe stated that controversy is a part of politics and hegemony is the only way to control it, but in contingent situations, the demands of opposing discourses can be articulated around an empty signifier and a new hegemony can replace previous hegemony. This process opens the way beyond Hobbesian pessimistic realism (and its authoritarianism) and Kant's moral idealism (and its conciliatory democracy); 2- Positive postmodernism in the form of the idea of ​​post-fundamentalism. By accepting open and temporary hegemony, Laclau and Muoffe not only supported pluralism and its accompanying particularism, but also established an authority (reference) for political decisions and actions, thus it moves beyond universal fundamentalism to the Habermasian type and specifical anti-fundamentalism to the Deleuze type. The former implies accepting the authority of reason to eliminate differences in the process of communicative action, and the latter implies the separation of minorities from the majority and the rejection of any general authority for political action. Nevertheless, there are still fundamental criticisms of Laclau and Muoffe's intellectual project, including the superiority of the political over the economic and the social; the weakness of the subject's action; Western-centerism, and the Tendency to neo-Kantian transcendence.

IntroductionEducation plays an important role in identity formation and its amplification. As textbooks are suitable means to change or form beliefs, behaviors, and attitudes and students have limited access to other identity seeking sources in this period their lives, elementary training importance is more significant.Features such as identity sharing, the transfer of experience through lived one, socialization and any other latent structure that reflects the common values of a society are precisely the conceptual foundations that Bourdieu calls school nationalism (Bourdieu, 1397:327). Although school may distribute the obligated culture and identity of a society among students unbalancedly, but it widely distributes and places the recognition.Textbooks as something that shape the structure of emotion in the school setting, are the special characteristics of a country. Identity and specialness of a country are its logic and in fact its mental image. In fact, textbooks content is a stimulus that can be effective in shaping students’ national beliefs.In achieving identity various factors such as family, educational institution, socio-political and cultural systems governing society, media and press, etc. are influential. In this regard, the institution of education after the family is the most effective factor in the development of people identity.Students in each country are considered to be the best human resources in social (collective) life and have an effective share in ensuring the cultural and national life of their country. Undoubtedly, the identity crisis is the most important social damage in today’s world, the signs of which can be seen in all socio-cultural, economic and political relations. From this perspective, identity as one of the major categories in social and cultural processes is affected by the process of globalization and its consequences.Materials and MethodsThis investigation has been done based on Laclau and Muffe Theory. Data analysis was done based on conceptualization and discourse semiotics proposed by Soltani (2014). There are two semiotic systems, i.e., image and text in textbooks; therefore using the above method for analyzing and interpretation of text and images in social studies textbooks of elementary school (First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth graders social studies textbooks) published in (2017) includes three stages: first, textual analyzing in which each book analyzed individually. In this stage, sampling and analyzing were done out of written text and images. Second, intertextual analyzing in which all mentioned textbooks analyzed in relation to each other based on Laclau and Muffe theory. In the third stage, contextual analyzing was done in which propounded discourses in textbooks were analyzed regarding to macro social and cultural discourses based on Laclau and Muffe theory. Soltani (2014) in his discourse semiotic method has tried to propose a model based on which long texts analysis be facilitated. Combining his method with Laclau and Muffe theory would result in one that has micro and macro explanations simultaneously.Discussion of results and conclusionsThe findings indicated that giving priority to religious discourse and presenting Iranian identity based on Islamic ideology, a critical picture of all governments before Islam development and Islamic Revolution, reinforcing Occidentalism and dividing the world to Islamic/non-Islamic is the all that students learn from social sciences studies textbooks till twelve. So, it seems that Iran government is based on Islamic culture; in this sense, Iranian identity is a reconstructed culture to restore the former societies against west culture. Therefore, in Iran, government is formed by defining a legitimated and Shia’-oriented culture and naturalizing it in a systematic way through tools such as education.Boosting traditional identification in educational textbooks is what is generally followed by textbooks authors in Iran; that is, the close connection of space, time, and culture in a given land that meets identity needs; in this sense human beings easily achieve the identity and the meaning they need within their small, stable, and united worlds. But the reality is that the media, advertising, and the globalization process in general have greatly reduced the possibility of traditional identification, and continuation of this practice in textbooks could lead to a kind of identity crisis

Governments try to formulate five-year plans with a transformational and developmental approach,according to the time, the situation of the country and the discourse of their party. One of the key sectors indevelopment programs is the social sector and its welfare services, which contribute to the growth andexcellence of society. Social development is possible by improving the quality of life, ensuring human rights,paying attention to citizen participation and civic institutions, justice and social protection, as well as payingattention to the talents and abilities of the people. In this research, the social sector (services and social welfare)of the fifth and sixth development plans has been studied by discourse analysis method. The method of analysis isdone through the method of Laclau and Moffe discourse analysis. The Fifth Development Plan, which deals withthe fundamentalist discourse, emphasizes the Signifier of "social justice", "reduction of state ownership andinclusive social welfare," and the Sixth Development Plan, which deals with the reformist discourse andmoderation and development, emphasizes "citizenship rights." It is based on "public health", "social resilience","tax reform in the field of health" and "comprehensive system of social harms.

This research has presented a discourse analysis based on the theory of Laclau and Mouffe,on how the system of the Islamic Republic has been managed from the beginning of the revolution until now, towards artists. In any society,the artist class is considered as a leading class with a characteristic of thinking,which plays a major role in influencing society.This study has tried to argue that the subject of the discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran,to expand among the artist class,based on different types of articulation of discourse,according to the context of different governments(both fundamentalist and reformist),contains There have been many different characteristics,some of which include internal contradictions in the ideal situation of the subject of the discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran.The result emphasizes that;The field of culture is rooted in the fundamental ideas that are rooted in the central signifier.If this foundation freely covers all its intellectual and cultural spheres, it can be hoped for.The present study is in the category of "developmental research" in terms of purpose and in terms of method, has used the type of "content analysis" and in terms of approach,is based on the views of "Laclau and Mufe".

School is a mechanism, by which students gradually experience social-political issues and learn social behaviors. Therefore, school in general and textbooks in particular play a crucial role in students’ socialization. Textbooks as something that shape the structure of emotion in the school setting are the special characteristics of a country. Identity and specialness of a country are its logic and actually its mental image. In fact, textbook content is a stimulus that can be effective in shaping students' national beliefs. This study investigated national identity and how it was presented in Iranian Junior highschool the social science textbooks, as well as how educational discourse answered the question of collective identity in these books. The importance of such studies was to remind authors of the textbooks and educational planners so as to pay attention to identity components when designing the contents of these books and establish a balance in the texts in this regard. This differed from other studies on national identity since dealing with the issue differently. Researches on national identity have sought to answer the questions of what roles have textbooks in strengthening national identity or how religious identity is superior to other aspects of identity in the books under study, while there is less to do with reconstruction of identity.  

This investigation was done based on Laclau and Muffe Theory. Data analysis was done based on conceptualization and discourse semiotics proposed by Soltani (2014). There are two semiotic systems, i.e., image and text in textbooks; therefore, using the above method, the texts and images in the textbooks of social studies for guidance school students of the 7th, 8th, and 9th grades published in 2017 were analyzed and interpreted to include 3 stages: first, textual analysis, by which each book was analyzed individually. In this stage, sampling and analyzing were done through the written texts and images. Second, intertextual analysis, by which all the mentioned textbooks were analyzed in relation to each other based on Laclau and Muffe Theory. In the third stage, contextual analysis was done, by which propounded discourses in the textbooks were analyzed with regard to macro social and cultural discourses based on Laclau and Muffe Theory. In his discourse based on semiotic method, Soltani (2014) tried to propose a model, based on which analysis of long texts could be facilitated. Combining his method with Laclau and Muffe Theory would result in a model that provided micro and macro explanations simultaneously. 

The findings indicated that giving priority to religious discourse and presenting Iranian identity based on Islamic ideology, making a critical picture of all governments before Islam development and Islamic Revolution, reinforcing Occidentalism, and dividing the world into Islamic/non-Islamic societies were the all things that students learnt from the textbooks of social science studies. Thus, it seemed that Iranian government was based on Islamic culture; in this sense, Iranian identity was a reconstructed culture to restore the former societies against the western culture. Therefore, in Iran, government was formed by defining a legitimated and Shia’-oriented culture and naturalizing it in a systematic way through such tools as education.Boosting traditional identification in educational textbooks was what was generally followed by authors of the textbooks in Iran. In  fact, there was a close connection of space, time, and culture in a given land that met identity needs. In this sense, human beings easily achieve the identity and the meaning they need within their small, stable, and united worlds. However, the reality is that the media, advertising system, and the globalization process in general have greatly reduced the possibility of traditional identification and continuation of this practice in textbooks could lead to a kind of identity crisis.

Sarbedaran movement (873Ah-737Ah) is the most important movement of Iran in eighth century. Insecurity and transience of this transient government and its ideological ups and downs raise a big question for researchers. The discourse of this movement, like every socio-political discourse, has two non-established stages (before the establishment of government) and established stage (after the establishment of the government). We have tried in this article to analyze Sheikh Hassan Jouri􀀁̓s letter to Amir Mohammad Beiek, Arqoun shah􀀁̓s brothers as one of the most important documents of Sarbedaran non-established discourse and to answer some above questions such as the influence of spatial and temporal conditions in this movement , its political and religious concepts and unifying factor to the scattered popular forces following a single discourse. To answer these questions we will use Laclau and Moff analysis method in which all the concepts of a discourse such as the movement of dislocation of signifiers, political subject, social myths and conception, accessibility and credibility, otherness, empty signifier and hegemony are formed around "Nodal Point". After the reviews, it becomes clear that in non-established discourse of Sarbedaran Anti-authoritarianism and equality are the nodal points. Sheikh Khalifeh and Sheikh Hassan Jouri as the most important characters of this discourse have created Shiite anti-authoritarianism and mythical equality and converted it to social concept relying on Shiism and Sufism discourses. Other concepts of this discourse are also focused around these nodal points. During the article some other historical sources and documents in addition to this letter have used to self-inclusive analysis.

Representation of the Idea of Progress in Ahmad, the Talibov's BookWith Laclau and Mouffe’s Theory of discourseAbstractThis article examines the representation of the idea of progress in constitutional literature through the discourse analysis of Ahmad, Talibov Tabrizi’s book. It demonstrates that how, with the nodal point of "progressive industrialization” in the discourse of technological progress, society moves towards an "ideal society". This requires fundamental changes in "the education of children" and teach them "science of the modern nations." At the same time, with the establishment of factories and companies, "public wealth" increases, and the country compensates for its deficiency in "science" and "wealth." The idea of progress was examined in four respects: rationalism, generalism, the role of government, and the contrast between what is and what should be. It was shown that Talibov believed in the primacy of instrumental reason as the driving force of society. The historical backwardness of society in relation to Western civilization, which can be compensated by the help of an efficient and lawful government. The main contributors to the progress are "patriotic engineers", "patriotic scholars" and "full effort believers" and they must defend the honor of the homeland against Western colonialism.

The field of culture has been one of the most sensitive areas in Iran. Governments usually, design and present a specific cultural discourse for expanding their hegemonic domination. In Iran, governments have had two continuous periods of activity, and the cultural programs of governments are usually in the same direction, and we see a kind of discursive continuity. in the ninth and tenth governments  . The current article is qualitatively performed, and weuse  theory of discourse analysis by Laclau and Mouffe, following the frameworks of the cultural discourses of the ninth and tenth governments, as well as comparing the cultural discourse of the two states. Findings of the research indicate a gross difference in the cultural discourse of the ninth and tenth government. , in the ninth government. Its main features are to expand the fundamentals of the revolution, cope with the cultural invasion, and . In the tenth government, global cultural management was recognized as the central platform of the program, and the ineffectiveness of jurisprudenceand . are of the main cornerstones of cultural discourseframework

Hafiz’ discourse efforts to represent his age’s transcendental discourse, and resistance to its semantic system, with the aim of creating otherness and delegitimization , can be explained under the title of resistance discourse model. This article tries to offer a discourse-based study of resistance literature in Hafez’ Ghazals based on the discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe and Soltani’s discourse semiology model, by relying on a descriptive-analytical method. With this method, the work is explicated from textual, intertextual, and texture points of view. The main question is what the represented discourse systems in the text are and what relation they have with resistance discourse. It has become clear that there are four different sub-discourses in the text, namely domination, resistance, mysticism, and sufism, and the major existing semantic conflict of the text is the result of the confrontation between the sub-discourse of resistance and hegemonic discourse of the government of the time. The representation of identity specifications of socio-political strata related to the dominant discourse, with the aim of influencing the subjects’ minds, is among the discourse efforts of the author (Hafez) which has in its totality led to the explanation of the power image and its discourse identity.

One of the qualitative methods that political science scholars interest in examining its concepts and developments is the Laclau and Mouffe discourse analysis method. The main question of this research is how to use and apply the method of discourse analysis in the field of political science, and how and to what extent can discourse analysis be used to understand and explain political science? The claim and assumption of this research is possibility of using the knowledge of discourse analysis in various fields of political science is not completely eliminated, the application of the discourse-analysis approach in the field of politics opens up new horizons and yields significant methodological and theoretical results

Discourse analysis is one of the humanities methods which analyzes the implicit concepts of power and ideology in different contexts. This understanding is conducted through different techniques of discourse. One of the most important approaches of discourse, is Laclau and Mouffe’s which adopts the concepts such as the separation of fixed and floating signifier, articulation, moments and elements, opposition and otherness to explore the implicit purposes in the texts. In this study, by using Laclau and Mouffe’s, we tried to analyze the “roots” novel discourse to indentify the approaches in the postcolonial literature. The views of people like Edward Said, Frantz Fanon and Homi Bhabha explain and interpret the post-colonial discourse analysis that would help us in this article. The main objective of this study is to determine the effective signifiers on the dispute between the two discourses: colonial and slavery. The novel, studies on several elements of American culture colonial and colonial African culture and their different.Slabs floating through the articulation of a discourse that is considered Laclau and Mouffe through a chain of equivalence to the original slab or nodes-are connected. In fact, each of these slabs of by the clamp in place and revolves around a specific discourse, its meaning is fixed and everything in this area of discussion diversity rather than be rejected and the discursive field drives. Evidence such as racism, modernity, wisdom, slavery and forced US language and culture around the nodes main articulation of colonial and colonial discourse of the day skeptics.

The Islamic Revolution of Iran can be identified as the emergence of a discursive transformation in Iranian society. This revolution, not only was indicative of a discursive and semantic transformation in the context of the Iranian society, but also it was able to create a new sign and a new meaning within the context of global discourses; thus, Foucault also mentioned this revolution as "the soul of a world repulsions." The present study for understanding the characteristics of this discursive evolution, aimed to study its most influential theorist, Imam Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Revolution. Given the necessity of creating boundaries for the study of discourse analysis, one of the most controversial discourse disciplines, that is, the discursive order of female identity, was chosen for study in this discourse. At the next phase, according to the macro view and the abstract mapping of discursive articulation, using Laclau and Mouffe's approach, this theory and method was chosen for analyzing the discourse of Imam Khomeini's speeches. According to the findings, the central sign of this discourse is "preservation of chastity and religiosity" and despite the conformity of some of the signs of this discourse with hegemonic discourses in the Western world, such as "social activity" and "freedom," all this is defined around "The preservation of chastity and religiosity" in this discourse, and a meaning different from other discourses is created. This discourse, which emerges in the apparent controversy with the second Pahlavi’s discourse, is also seriously deconstructing its hostile discourse-especially in the case of removing the shame from society- and attempts to marginalize it. Among epistemes that these two conflicting discourses have used to marginalize their rival discourse, are " being foreign", "seeing women as objects", "ignorance", " negligence" and " "approval of prostitution." On the contrary, the well-known fundamental epistemes that these two discourses have used for their hegemony in the Discursive Order of feminine identity include: "belief in progress", "support of freedom", "respect for women", "belief in equality of women and men" and "being civilized".

How an idea is born and how a marginalized discourse is outstood? This is the question that discourse analysts in various fields always try to respond. This responsiveness always needs filling the Archive gaps of discourse analysis, so researchers who have intention to analyze, with reference of Synchronicity or diachronic, can understand and analyze the evolution of discourses in various fields inter-subjectively. This research is about to respond this question and understand women identity in the second Pahlavi discourse in contemporary Iran. In addition, this research tries to help discourse researchers to understand the nature of discourse controversy in the second Pahlavi era and in what extend the current controversies in Iranian society about the semantic hegemony on women identity these controversies have different or similar semantics with second Pahlavi and its affiliate's discourse. Based on the above matter, the Shah’s most important speeches along with Zan-e Rooz magazine, as a close magazine to the second Pahlavi's official discourse is being analyzed using Laclau and Mof method. One of the results of this research is understanding the nodal point of "being up-to-date" for the second Pahlavi's discourse, which stands in close attraction with “being social". This discourse has a big emphasis on beauty and appeal and marginalizes hijab, especially Chador, as opposing such epistemes with rationality and calls them dogmatism. In addition second Pahlavi severely antagonizes Marxism and religious identities, but if we want to discuss its dominant aspect, the most discourse controversies represented by Zan-e Rooz magazine and the Shah’s speeches are related to antagonizing religion and religious identities and deconstructing their bonds with women identity.

The growing popularity of satellite channels among Iranian audiences has doubled the necessity of studying the content of these channels. In this regard, few studies have examined satellite channels for kids and the content they offer.
The growing popularity of satellite channels among Iranian audiences has increased the necessity of studying the content of these channels- In particular, the children channels which has been barely researched. Regarding this matter, Gem Junior Channel as the most famous satellite channel for broadcasting child’s programs in Persian Language was selected for studying discursive order of desirable feminine identity- as it is the area of dispute among many discourses for setting their meanings in that discursive order. By using analytical capabilities of Laclau and Mouffe's discourse theory three Gem Junior programs (Barbie: Life in the Dream house, Sky Dancers and Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated) were studied. In the Barbie animation "Beauty and attractiveness" was recognized as central signifier and discursive signifier of "sociability" was recognized as central signifier in two other programs. As a general conclusion of studying the discourse of this channel, "sociability" turned out to be the central signifier of the discursive order of feminine identity in the studied programs. This is while other peripheral signifiers such as “individualism”, “inter-sexual relations” (free, non-official and friendship-based relationships), Ethical, beauty and attraction (by this definition: free, half nude and body-revealing dresses) and … constitute the discursive system of the network within discursive order of feminine identity. this discourse imagine some others for itself were mostly represented in the form of , unethical, wicked and evil, and inhumane identities and due to absolute Reprehensible of these signifiers, other less evident signifiers such as unsociability, unemotional and etc joined with them. In fact. These discursive bonds are making main Conflict areas in discourse of Gem junior channel.

The purpose of this article is study discourse analysis of AIDS representation in Iranian film industry, so we have studied an Iranian movie, “Barefoot in Paradise”, as a case study. For this purpose, we have used Althusser’s concept of ideology and its effects on Laclau and Mouffe, and Cindy Patton’s concept of “AIDS invention”, and we have reviewed bio-medical and bio-medical-socio-psychological discourses. Finally we have tried to analyze the semantic structure of AIDS in the discourses existed in the movie. Two rival discourses have been recognized in this movie by using Laclau and Mouffe’s methodology, which are in semantic and semiotics discussions. The central signifier of one of these discourses is that the patient affected by Aids is guilty and another one emphasizes that these patients are human and interacts with them from this point of view. These kinds of semantic oppositions show that there are lots of conflicts in the areas of health and medicine and also indicate that many discourse oppositions will be formed when we react upon a disease. Finally, although discourses are challenged in this movie, it is the main stream.