maintenance

 The armed forces must always be ready to deal with any aggression, and to maintain this readiness, it is very necessary to pay attention to the safety of the logistics system and storage of ammunition; Because being ready to work with ammunition and explosives in practical situations is a very necessary and undeniable requirement, and since one of the problems faced by military organizations is the safety of ammunition storage, where failure to do so reduces the lifespan of ammunition, lack of proper efficiency in time It will be used and followed by ammunition accidents, so the main purpose of this research is to explain how to improve the safety of ammunition storage in the Islamic Republic of Iran Army based on international standards, which in four dimensions of manpower training (theoretical training, practical training) , safety of places and facilities (public places, ammunition dumps, repair and renovation workshops), safety equipment (fire alarm, fire extinguishing, unloading and loading, grounding and lightning arrester systems) and safe methods and procedures (standards, instructions and processes safety) has been investigated. Based on this, the type of applied research and its method is descriptive and with a mixed approach. Also, in order to analyze the information obtained from the questionnaires, the descriptive analysis of frequency and frequency percentage was used, and the results show that the opinions of experts and the results of the questionnaire are in line with the literature and the theoretical background of the research.

With the increase of human communication between societies, the phenomenon of migration is considered as one of the most important social, political, economic and international issues. The purpose of this study was to design a model for maintaining sports elites in Iran. This research aims to be developmental-applicative, and in terms of nature, it is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) with a combined exploratory-sequential design. The target community of the research was experts who were aware of the research topic. In order to conduct in-depth interviews and collect qualitative data from the targeted snowball technique until the theoretical saturation stage, 21 people were selected as a sample and to complete the researcher-made questionnaires in quantitative section, a sample of 5 people was suggested. The validity of the data of the qualitative part of the research was confirmed through continuous observation and review by a colleague and the reliability of these data was estimated to be 87% using the two coder index method. The validity of the data in the quantitative part was confirmed 80% by using the Lawshe content validity ratio and their reliability was confirmed 88% with the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Using the thematic analysis method based on the model of Braun and Clark (2006) and using the Maxqda10 software, the effective indicators on the maintenance of sports elites were identified and then modeling was done using structural-interpretive analysis (ISM) and using Matlab2016 software. In the research findings

The main goal of this research is to present the model of cyber resilience of defense systems and its sub-goals are to explain the cyber threats of defense systems, and to explain the dimensions, components and indicators of cyber resilience of defense systems.
The current research is categorized as descriptive/analytical research with an exploratory perspective. Data collection was done using the grounded theory method and interview tool, and the questionnaire tool was used to determine the importance of the indicators and select the final indicators. In order to check the significance of the relationship between dimensions, components and indicators, factor analysis method and Smart P.L.S. software was used. The statistical population of the research includes 30 experts in this field and the sample population is considered as a whole number.
The cyber resilience model of defense systems was presented in the dimensions of supervision and leadership with 4 components and 21 indicators, control dimension with 4 components and 16 indicators, process and operation dimension with 3 main components and 17 indicators. The factor loading coefficients for the three mentioned dimensions were obtained as 0.921, 0.917 and 0.926, respectively, which is a sign of the high importance of these factors in increasing cyber resilience.
Cyber resilience of defense systems includes measures that defense organizations must take to resist cyber incidents and recover quickly after interruptions. Therefore, in order to be able to resist attacks, incidents or cyber threats, defense systems must be resilient in the three dimensions of supervision and leadership, control and automation, as well as the dimension of process and operations.

The current research was carried out with the aim of  pathology f the defense equipment maintenance system in the popular  units of a military organization and analyzing the gap between the current and desired situation.

According to the purpose, this article is an applied research, and from the point of view of the way it was collected, it is considered descriptive and analytical, which is carried out with a survey method. The sustainable resistance maintenance strategy was chosen as the based model and with its development and localization, a questionnaire was distributed to measure the importance and performance of the factors included in the aforementioned list and distributed among the sample group. The statistical population includes 120 people from the deputies of readiness and support, network managers and munitions repair experts in the investigated units. The statistical sample of the research is 92 people who were selected by stratified sampling. Data analysis was done using one-sample t-test, Friedman test and importance-performance gap analysis.

The findings of the research indicate the existence of pathology in the dimensions of "training and human resources", "maintenance and repair management processes and systems", "management of maintenance and supply of parts and consumables", "budget and credit management" and "non-unit maintenance and repairs". "In the current system of keeping weapons in the units under study. The most problem was observed in the area of ​​budget and credits.

Based on the findings of the research, it was concluded that the commanders and maintenance  department managers in the studied units should improve the salary structure and provide the required spare parts in order to provide enough spare parts for middle level maintenance of the military equipment more than any other issue.

Despite prevalence of jurisprudential discussions on the role of imperative rules in contracts, very little can be found in the works of legal thinkers – and equally – in the verdicts of the judiciary system. Jurists’ inattention to the difference between positive and imperative rules has resulted in many cases in disappearance of boundaries between property law and law of obligations. For instance, some jurists argue that obligation coming from an affirmative condition depends upon occurrence of ownership, also stating that undertaking an obligation in favor of a third party may cause issuance of positive rule of indebtedness. Given the above, the principal question in this study deals with underscoring distinction between imperative and positive rules and the status of either one in the law of obligations. Pinpointing examples of imperative rules in Civil Code with respect to its effects such as dispossession, lack of indebtedness, and lack of inheritance can be effective in interpretation of pertinent laws as well as verdicts of the judiciary system. In this paper, applying a descriptive-analytical method and resorting to library documents, we have tried to review the status of imperative rules in articles related to affirmative condition, interpretation of Article 959 of Civil Code, usurpation, and guarantee of discharging obligations in the light of Imam Khomeini’s opinion. An analysis of imperative rule indicates that first, it belongs to the act of obligee and its subject may be a property or an act, the latter paving the ground for imposition of imperative rule on obligations. Understanding Imam Khomeini’s opinion on this can create an appropriate ground for legalization of customary guarantee based on the guarantee of discharging obligations.

In surface and subsurface floating units, machines are constantly worn out. Therefore, the researcher has chosen the subject of his research as the factors affecting maintenance efficiency in the strategic navy of the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting maintenance efficiency in the first strategic naval zone of the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Factors were identified in six dimensions: manpower, technology, operating space, management, allocation of funds, and planning. Data collection was based on the use of resource studies and exploratory interviews with 7 expert commanders. Dimensions and components were weighted using a fuzzy method through a questionnaire by 150 personnel in the first area. Then, the decision tree was designed according to the dimensions and components based on the literature and finally the weight of their importance was measured based on pairwise comparisons. Also, in the last step, according to the obtained weights, the current situation of the organization was measured in each criterion. Based on the obtained results, the most important criterion was identified among the criteria. Among the sub-criteria of welfare services to employees, motivation in human resources, specialized knowledge of human resources, timely allocation of funds, physical condition of the workshop, transfer of technical knowledge and matching, local readiness and support, technology selection are in an unfavorable situation in the first region. And is a higher priority for improvement. Other sub-components were identified in order of priority for improvement in region.

The combat capability of the air force and the flight of fighter and transport aircraft are highly dependent on the presence of ground support systems. The resence of a large number of ground support systems in aircraft repair centers and overhaul centers for heavy repairs indicates the existence of deficiencies in maintenance and repair methods. Aircraft ground support equipment has always faced the problem of increasing maintenance and repair costs, and the statistics of ground-based aircraft support systems have an upward trend, which is now looking for a solution to control the current situation. the Purpose of this study is to explain how to optimize the maintenance method of aircraft ground support systems in nahaja. and the main research question: optimizing the maintenance of aircraft ground support systems in nahaja how should it be? which is based now the type of applied research and the method of doing it are descriptive and intergrated with the approach. The statistica population of the study includes all expert commanders and officials of the aircraft ground support equipment department in nahaja units, which is a factor of 120 people. at a significance level of five percent, the accuracy of the research hypotheses is constrained. the innovation of this research is counting and extracting instrutions for using aircraft ground support systems, improving the scheduling process of using equipment.

Under the Islamic Law, sayings and Quranic verses, the husband is obliged to pay the spousal maintenance. Article 1106 of the Iranian Civil Code provides that the husband pays the spousal maintenance under the permanent marriage. This obligation survives when the marriage is dissolved due to divorce , revocation or the death of the husband if the wife is pregnant. According to Verse 6 of the Divorce Syrah (Quran) and Islamic sayings the pregnant divorcee is paid no matter the divorce is revocable or irrevocable. However, the scholars and clergies follow different views on this question whether this cost belongs to the wife herself or her child. The majority of Shiite, Shafei and Hanafieh branches regard it as the the child support. Other Shiite and Hanafieh scholars argue that the cost belongs to the wife .Even, some of these scholarsa believe this cost is a separate maintenance during the death Eddeh. It has been argued that the wife deserves no cost due to this fact that the dead husband is no obligation to pay. On the other hand, it may be asked that if the pregnant receives a part of the pregnancy maintenance cost or not. This research concludes that the wife should be paid the cost as the valid sayings and the "no insolvency and hardship "rule provide so. 

Husband’s superintendence is one of the terms used in the civil law of the Islamic Republic of Iran and in the expression of relationships between couples. Since civil law is based on Imamiyyah’s jurisprudence, the legislator in his opinion has inferred the meaning of husband’s superintendence from the Holy Quran and other jurisprudential sources. Using the descriptive-analytical method, the present library-based research seeks to re-examine this conceptual understanding of the sources and to evaluate and study various arguments and views in this regard. The results of the study show that due to different and sometimes contradictory views on the implication of jurisprudential sources on the husband’s superintendence, its limits and features, and the existence of clear reasons for the wife’s financial rights and powers in definite and numerous cases, the usage of this term in this vague and general way does not seem to be correct. It is therefore advisable to reconsider the usage of the term in civil law in order to prevent abuse of the term and to take effective actions to improve the international view on women’s laws in Iran.

Implementing an organization-specific maintenance system can play an important role in reducing costs and repairs. But these impacts are not limited to costs, they will have their own impacts on the speed of service delivery throughout the supply chain, reliability, agility, and so on. Importance of maintenance and repairs to improve the reliability and reliability of your system, Elimination is a waste of time, preventing serious damage to the organization by detecting it in a timely manner and repairing it. Resistance Economics is a discussion of how economics can resist various shocks and in the meantime be harmed. Today, maintenance and repairs origins in underlying any industry and most comprehensive maintenance system, Ntbhrh Vrfragyr introduced relying on the participation of all employees in the maintenance and repair, try reducing costs, standby 100 percent and increase productivity through It has the advantage of delivering products and waste products. In this study, the questionnaire was used to collect the opinions of the respondents of the Deputy of Police Command of Semnan Province, using the SPSS and LISREL programs, and a direct relationship between the resistance economy and the net profit.

Maintenance and repair of equipment are of particular importance in the independent types of vehicles, so that their proper implementation can reduce the cost of purchasing equipment and spare parts. The purpose of this research is to explain the maintenance and repair of the T-72S tank in the independent armored brigades of Nazaja. The type of applied research and its method is descriptive with mixed approach. The statistical population of the study consisted of scientific experts, executive officers and officers in the maintenance and repair of independent armored vehicle types and equipment. The data were collected through a researcher-made self-made questionnaire titled "Manpower and Equipment. . Cronbach test and Chi-square correlation coefficient were used to examine the relationship between the independent variable and the function variable. At the 5% significance level (5%), the validity of the research hypotheses was confirmed. The results of this study showed that the human resources component has the greatest impact on the maintenance and repair of T 72 S tank.

a variety of studies highlight the contribution of mobile sources in air pollution emissions in the city of Tehran. among various mobile sources, passenger cars are of high importance due to their population and activity. while production level standards regarding emissions are important, the role of periodic inspection and maintenance programs is undeniable in stabilizing the emission performance of vehicles during their lifespan. the inspection and maintenance program in Iran is simple. it is unloaded, and has no control over the performance of catalytic converter and NOx emissions. consequently, it is suggested to implement a more strength inspection and maintenance program called "Improved Inspection and Maintenance" in the city of Tehranwhich is loaded, has more strength emission limits, and includes tests regarding the performance of catalytic converter and NOx emissions. also, it uses the OBD data. this Improved Inspection and Maintenance could be the permission for the vehicles to enter specific parts of the city of Tehran. or, it could be the permission for vehicles to traffic in unhealthy days. the Improved Inspection and Maintenance could replace the current inspection and maintenance program gradually in Tehran. then, vehicles entering Tehran without Improved Inspection and Maintenance could be fined.

Speed, agility, mobility, saving, dispersion, security, accuracy and flexibility are one of the most important features of future wars. Given the sanctions imposed on our country in the field of military equipment, it is essential to have an agile regeneration and optimization system that can quickly meet the needs of the units. Therefore, after studying the literature, the most important factors influencing agility were identified in four dimensions: agility in management, organization, human resource and component production. In the first step, using expert's opinion, optimization and upgrading of 16 factors were identified as key factors in the industry of reconstruction and optimization of NEZAJA. In the second step, DEMATEL method was used to analyze and rank the causal and impacted factors. The results indicated that the allocation of funds and credits, IT management, the support of senior managers, group decision making, transparent management objectives, machine updates, customer orientation, strategic planning and production, and supply chain are the key factors in adopting agility, given the changing nature of future wars in the rehabilitation and optimization industry of NEZAJA.

Urban planning and design assessment creates a targeted approach to reducing crimes in the city's artifacts, which has a significant effect on increasing social capital, improving the quality and increasing citizenship satisfaction of Damghan. Thanks to this research, the impact assessment of the program Urban planning in urban security and crime reduction in Damghan city. This research is applied in terms of applied and descriptive-survey nature. The survey community was 30 experts in the field of urban planning and law enforcement and law enforcement experts. In this research, after data collection, the data were analyzed from data processing software to determine the weight of each criterion and sub criteria. The results of the research showed that among the five criteria of the research, the strengthening of natural territories with a weight of 0.435 per rank First, it has the most impact on Damghan's urban crime reduction. The normal view of 0.266 is second to none. After that, control and access variables (0.141) and support for social activities (0.091) and maintenance maintenance (0.041) are ranked third to fifth. The use of deterrent strategies by social planning bodies, as well as the use of signs, signs and Visual cues through art video communication, along with continuous use of space through design strategies, were the ones that had the most impact on ranking the research criteria.

Qanats are the most important groundwater management tool to cope with water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions in a sustainable manner. Despite their socio-economical functions, these managerial tools are confronted with lots of challenges. Taft County has hosted significant number of qanats that has been neglected during recent decades. The consequence of this negligence is the loss of capacity in number of barren qanats of the region. The present research aims at investigating qanat maintenance reasons in Taft county. Qualitative research approach and grounded theory method was used. The statistical population was qanat experts (qanat workers: pitman, water lords and managers) and subject matter specialists (Regional water authority and Agri-jihad organization). To reach theoretical saturation, 22 experts and 12 specialists were interviewed, respectively. Results revealed that the most important qanat maintenance reasons were categorized to environmental (amount of precipitation, water quality, qanat capacity), institutional-economical (receiving credits, qanat users’ income, and technical support facilities), socio-educational (youth training, introducing water technology to farmers, social capital, religious beliefs and women participation in qanat), managerial- fundamental (impassable transiting facilities, over-exploitation of qanats, drilling illegal wells and trans-passing on qanat bound) and agricultural-natural (water pollution and water loss during non-agricultural seasons).

Generally, efficiency is affected by human resources, technical and economic factors. Training as an important task in organizations contributes to the improvement and optimal development of the organization plays an important part in the promotion of the general culture of the society. By technical factors, we mean the conditions and circumstances in creation of which the human factor has no role but by which is extensively affected, thus affects the efficiency of human force. Quality and quantity of instruments and machinery, production management, physical structure and are the most important technical factors.Another factor affecting the efficiency is the economic factor. Here, the macro-variables of economy and the macro-indicators, which demonstrate the general economic condition, have to be considered. At times of economic depression, unemployment is a critical problem and depression results in consecutive dismissal of personnel. In such condition, the workers fail to work efficiently due to the fear of dismissal and this results in the decline in the efficiency of the organization. The role of these factors in increasing efficiency is studied in this paper. Educational technical courses, provision of standard equipment, new methods of warehousing and designation of capital credits such as the purchase of equipment and machinery and repairing tools leads to the promotion of efficiency in the maintenance units.

MA (Public Administration), Azad University, Sciences and Research Branch The objective of the present paper is to identify factors affecting maintenance and desertion of knowledge-based staff and identification of the weak points in this field as well as some suggestions for their removal. Since the University Jihad relies on its knowledge-based staff to fulfill its mission, the statistical population of the present study consists of the faculty members of University Jihad and those of its staff with bachelor’s or higher degrees who are engaged in research. It is an applied research. The required data was collected through questionnaire. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between main variables of individual development planning, process of socialization and organizational development planning with maintenance of knowledge-based staff and between work shocks and desertion of job. Also the results of this research show that there is significant relationship between sub-variables of career and organizational promotion, creation of space for individual knowledge improvement, participation in decision-making, time of flexible and floating presence, expansion of communication in working groups, conducting challenging activities, independence in performance, suitable payment and reward systems and participation in commercial objectives of the organization with maintenance of knowledge-based staff. Also there is significant relationship between unfulfilled job expectations and reduction of work status and dignity with desertion of job of the knowledge-based staff. Also the priority of the effect of the variables were acknowledged in accordance with the mentioned order.

One of the most fundamental discussions in the society of which women are a part is “women’s rights and personality”. Given the fact that women have always remained deprived of their due rights and at times their very human status has been put to question, the position and personality accorded to women in the culture of every society are indicative of her position and status in that society.Different religious and political schools have expressed different views about woman’s personality, status and rights. Amongst them is the religion of Islam which is a human-constructing and comprehensive school having a broad and just attitude towards women. It has illustrated man and woman’s rights in the best possible manner. Islam does not consider creational and legal differences to be a sign of the difference of identity. Evaluating human beings through the yardstick of piety and attaching importance to the pious acts of a believer regardless of gender differences signify that these differences carry no momentum in the eye of this sacred religion.Verse 34 of Chapter al-Nisa is one of the most important verses dealing with woman and her rights. Unfortunately, some crook-minded people have endeavored to tarnish Islam’s perspective towards women by presenting an unjust and unfair interpretation of the verse. Hence, a correct perception of this verse will have a substantial effect on exploring the holy Quran’s view concerning woman’s rights and personality. In this study, efforts have been made to present the most important views held by Shiite and Sunni tafasir (commentaries) about the first part of verse 34, albeit with the help of the views of the researchers of both sects in the area of commentary, hadith and etymology and also through studying the chronological development of “guardianship” and the impacts of social development on it.