manuscripts

Fekr Azad newspaper, one of the journals published in the late Qajar period in Mashhad under the management of Ahmad Bahmanyar Kermani, is the focus of this study. In previous issues of  Khurāsāniyāt , unpublished poetry from this journal has been explored and presented in chronological order. This issue presents a long poem by Ahmad Bahmanyar, which he wrote in response to the specific circumstances of the time. In addition, in issue 35 of the newspaper, a lengthy poem by Sheikh Muhammad Khalesi, also known as Khalesi-zadeh, a prominent scholar from Iraq who fought against British colonialism, was published. This poem was written in invocation to Imam Reza (A) and was added by Bahmanyar as a translation with an introduction. Khalesi, during his time in Mashhad, gave fiery speeches against colonialism that gained great popularity among the people.

In the tumultuous history of Khorasan, many scholars emerged from this region and had a significant impact on the scientific and cultural life of Iran. Numerous manuscripts and documents from this region remain, many of which have yet to receive the attention they deserve and require proper introduction. Starting with this issue, we have added a section titled " Khurāsāniyāt " to the journal, which will focus on introducing the region''s manuscript and documentary heritage. This section begins by introducing the newspaper Fekr-e Azad, which was published in the early 14th century AH (early 20th century) under the management of Ahmad Bahmaniyar Kermani, from 1301 to 1303 AH. In this issue, we present several poems—qasidas, ghazals, and rubais—by Ahmad Bahmaniyar, Iraj Jalal al-Mamlak, Mirza Abdul Hossein Khan Nasrat, Hassan Amid, and Shiwa, along with a brief introduction for our readers.

The addition of marginal notes to the main text is one of the types of scribal errors that occasionally occurred in the process of scribing ancient works in manuscripts. This led to the obscurity, misinterpretation, or inconsistency of certain passages in these texts. Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāḍī (d. 606 AH), the renowned Ash‘arite scholar, discusses the confusing and misleading scribal errors of adding marginal notes to the main text in manuscripts in two instances in his commentary on Ibn Sina's (d. 428 AH) famous work, "‘Uyūn al-Ḥikmah". He mentions that such scribal errors also occurred in his own works. His testimony is noteworthy from several aspects, particularly as it indicates the early occurrence of these types of errors and alterations in manuscripts, and that such problematic scribal errors could occur not only over several centuries but sometimes even within a few decades or year.

Mohammad Ali Tarbiat is one of the well-known scientific and political figures in the Qajar and Pahlavi periods, who has provided well-known services in the field of culture, especially the construction of important and influential libraries. In this research, while narrating some aspects of his life, his personal library and documents from his Taqwīm and a list of manuscripts in this library and its aftermath are discussed.

One of the important characteristics of Sheikh Abbās Qumī was his love of books, and this characteristic was manifested in various ways throughout his life, and it was always his concern when he traveled and was at home. In this article, a report is presented on various aspects of his love of books: calligraphy, writing required books in his own handwriting, completing incomplete copies, confronting and editing manuscripts, binding books, and lending and borrowing books were some of his hobbies in this regard.
One of the constant concerns of Sheikh Abbas Qumī was to buy books. He bought the books he needed in spite of extreme poverty and great difficulties. The number of books of Muḥaddith Qumī was not constant during his lifetime. On the one hand, books were constantly added to his library by buying and donating, and on the other hand, due to reasons such as selling due to financial need, donating to others, and natural events, they were reduced. In addition, his books were kept in the three cities of Qom, Mashhad, and Najaf, which made it difficult for him to access some of them.
After the death of Sheikh Abbas, most of his books were divided between the three libraries of Ayatollah Mar'ashī in Qom, National Library of Iran and Āstān Quds Razavī Library. In the last part of the article, this point is mentioned with a detailed review and report of the most important manuscripts of his library.

In this article, in the form of the 29th part of the series of essays, named Reading Manuscript, the author has analyzed the text of several manuscripts. These texts are as follows:A note by Mirzā Jalāluddīn Tehrani in a manuscript A document about the condemnation of sending Iranian children to study in Istanbul Some historical notes about the rulers of Gilan between 1264 and 1290 The death of several scholars of Dashtaki family The history of the emergence and rise of the great power of the kingdom A multi-line travelogue to holy cities of Iraq Date of death of Sheikh Morteza Ansari Invasion of locusts in 1254 AH in Karbala and 1267 AH in Shiraz from the words of an eyewitness "Apparent justice of foreigners" as one of the signs of the emergence of Imam Mahdi A book in Ihsaie's handwriting in the house of Seyyed Kazem Rashti Date of death of Mohammad Shah Qajar A note by Abulqasem Taghari Yaghmai Writing to relieve grief from 1264 A.H Ahmed bin Hanbal's letter in defense of the people of Ardabil against Babak Khorramdin.

The history of philosophy in Greece began with the philosophers who are called "Pre-Socratics". Today, with the efforts of Hermann Diels and Walter Krantz in collecting the remaining works of this group of philosophers, we can know their opinions and thoughts to some extent. Meanwhile, Muslim philosophers also sometimes refer to the opinions of pre-Socratic philosophers. It can be said that their main source for quoting statements from pre-Socratic philosophers is the treatise of al-Ārā al-Ṭabi’iyyah Allatī Tarḍā Bihā al-Falasifah attributed to Plutarch. The main topic of this article is the introduction of this book and its remaining manuscripts and a review of its content. The method of data analysis is descriptive-analytical and historical, and the data collection is done by library method. The brief conclusion reached by this article is that this treatise played a key role in the understanding of pre-Socratic by the Muslim philosophers and the subsequent reports about this group of philosophers in the Islamic world were influenced by this treatise and the understandings that came from this treatise. According to the new manuscripts of this treatise, its re-editing is also one of the important things that philosophers should pay attention to.

“Kelileh va Demneh”, translated by Abul Maali Nasrullah bin Muhammad Munshi, is one of the valuable and lasting works of Persian prose of the 6th century, which has been edited and published many times in Iran and abroad. Undoubtedly, the revised edition of Mojtaba Minavi in 1343 in Tehran is the best of them. Among the other corrections and explanations of this book, which researchers do not need to refer to when reading the text of “Kelileh va Demneh”, the correction and annotations are by Ayatollah Hassan Hassanzadeh Amoli, who published the sixth edition of it in 2019 from Bostan publisher. Although Ayatollah Hassan Hassanzadeh Amoli prepared this work from several manuscripts and with Arabic “Kelileh va Demneh”, and he also reminded me of the misreading, distortions, and other defects in the printed documents, the author has found errors and slips in the correction, research, and annotations of Ayatollah Hassan Hassanzadeh Amoli of “Kelileh va Demneh”, which he criticizes and evaluates some of them by comparing the printings of Minawi and Gharib as well as some other manuscripts in this essay.

The following article introduces the library of Mirzā Ali Behzādī (a Descendant of Allāmeh Muḥaddith Nūrī), and the purchase document of this library by Grand Ayatollah Borujerdī and a list prepared for this purpose. A significant part of the books in this library belonged to the personal library of Allāmeh Mirzā Hussein Muḥaddith Nūrī, which was with Behzādī. These books are either sealed with his seal, or written in his handwriting, or Nūrī's works and compositions. Also, there are works written by Sheikh Faḍlullāh Nūrī (son-in-law of Allāmah Muḥaddith) or stamped with his seal in this collection. Behzādī’s library consists of 972 volumes of handwritten and printed books, which in 1375 A.H. were bought by Ayatollah Borujerdī for twenty thousand tomans. The mentioned list and document are kept in the manuscripts section of Ayatollah Borujerdī Library (No. 4384).

In the present article, the author has examined the text of several manuscripts as the twenty-ninth section of the series entitled Reading Manuscripts. These texts are as follows:In the Turkish phrase / Bash Yuz Alton is two hundred dinars!
The attention of the rulers of Khorasan during the Qajar period to the history of Bayhaqi
A note from a Jorjani about Aurangzeb and Aurangabad in 1054
Traditional Veterinary: medical properties of the lions' organs.
Autobiography of Professor Mahmoud Shahabi Khorasani
Chronicles of the life of Sheikh Ibrahim Zanjani
A testimony for a person's poverty and asking the believers to help him
The experience of cooperation and association of the clergy with Fath Ali Shah Qajar

In the present article, the author has examined the text of several manuscripts as the twenty-seventh essay of the series entitled "Reading Manuscripts". These texts are as follows:Autobiography of Mullah Ali Ārāni from Iran in the first half of the thirteenth century Description of a Sheikh Bahā'ī’s teaching session and a conversation taking place between the teacher and the students A scholar's note from the Safavid period in the division of the current rules governing life When Shah Abbas, the second recommends a seyyed student to Agha Hussein Khānsārī letter of freedom for a black-eyed Georgian salve girl. In order to fight against infidel Russians, we need infidel foreigners ... Introduction to a semi-argumentative code of practice from the period of Fath Ali Shah Qajar Report of three terrible floods in Mecca in the eleventh century AH A note about the four pillars of the Ka’ba How "the radio" or the "sound box" becomes an apocalyptic sign

The book of the list of manuscripts of the Ilkhanid Period in Iranian libraries by Ali Bahramian is a joint project of the Center for Political and International Studies of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Iran with the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, which was published in 2017. The purpose of the book is to identify all the manuscripts in Iranian libraries from the invasion of Genghis to the fall of the Ilkhanid government. In the present article, the author has attempted to present a list of the book's shortcomings based on the manuscripts available in the library of Ayatollah Mar’ashi Najafīi.

In the present article, the author has examined the text of several manuscripts as the twenty-seventh section of the series entitled Reading Manuscripts. These texts are as follows: 
Istiftā on an endowed pan: An example of Istiftās in the Qajar period
Shah Ali Yazdi Shīī
A poem about Nāser al-Dīn, his quest for knowledge and the establishment of Dār al-Funūn and inviting teachers from Austria
Poems by Safaei Khansari in his own handwriting from 1110
Two freedom documents for two Georgian slave-girls from 1106 with the certificate of Allāmah Majlisī
Famine in Isfahan
A few historical notes
From the praise of the Shah to the praise of Mullah Mohammad Reza Mujtahid
A strange order for writing on an opal
Letter from the janitor of Imam Hussein (as) shrine to one of the Safavid officials to ask for help
  Poem of Abolghasem Ghoshiri against a student of philosophy
Ismail Amirkhizi's poem about Allāmah Mohammad Qazvīnī
Qajar women read Western novels in the winter sitting behind Kursis

In the present article, the author has examined the text of several manuscripts in the twenty-sixth part of the writing entitled manuscripts. These texts are as follows:  A document of the conflict between Zoroastrians and Muslims in Yazd (mid-thirteenth century AH) A document about a waqf (endowed property) from 1294 Khoy and Tabriz earthquake in 1259 AH Reading history is also a difficult task! Exact date of birth of Sheikh Bahā'i and Shahīd Thānī based on the back cover of a manuscripts About the Kianuri manuscript in the critique of Anwar Khamei's memoirs Judgment of a Qajar writer about Allameh Majlisi and .... Differences in the policy of Sheikh Ali Karaki and Sheikh Bahā'i in associating with Sunnis Our meteorology up to the Qajar period Autobiography of Abdul Ali Motamed Al-Dawlah in "Tazkereh Sadr Azami" A Text about appointing a lawyer for divorce Sheikh Bahā'i Fatwa on some Real Estates in Khorasan An Istiftā about an endowed pot: An example of Istiftā in the Qajar period

In the present study, after introducing the Zoroastrian neighborhood as the most important cultural center of the Zoroastrians in Iran, some of the documents kept in the Yazd Museum of Documents and Manuscripts (Pooladi’s Collection) are examined. The Zoroastrian neighborhood is one of the most important historical neighborhoods in Yazd. It is considered as the most important archive of the Zoroastrian manuscripts and documents in Iran. During the recent years, many documents and Avestan manuscripts were discovered in the neighborhood. One of such discoveries is the discovery of Poolad’s Collection in 2016 in the house of Arbab Mehraban Poolad. This collection contains a number of Avestan manuscripts as well as thousands of commercial, religious and personal letters, and documents and contracts from 1832-1936. The date of some of these documents goes back to the time of Poolad Tirandaz, Mehraban’s father. These documents were all kept in the basement of Mehraban’s house away from the sight of the inhabitants and were discovered accidentally by Mehraban’s grandson who is named after him. The importance and value of these documents were determined after a careful and scientific investigation done by some university professors, and efforts were made to exhibit these documents in the Museum of Documents and Manuscripts. This collection includes some Avestan manuscripts. The oldest dated Avestan manuscript in this collection is from 1645 AD. This collection also includes thousands of letters and documents most of which are legal contracts, business letters, settlements of disputes, family letters, and the letters related to the social issues. The content of these documents can clearly show the important and positive role of the Zoroastrians in the commercial, political, and economic affairs of Qajar and Pahlavi dynasties. Arbab Mehraban Poolad is one of such influential people in the Zoroastrian community who, in addition to his vast commercial activities in different cities such as Yazd, Shiraz, Ahwaz and Borujerd, and other countries like India, England and Iraq, had an influential role in the Zoroastrian community such as the membership of Naseri Council, and the foundation of Zoroastrian Waqfi Garden in Shiraz.

In the present article, the author has examined the text of several manuscripts in the twenty-fifth essay of the series entitled Manuscripts. These texts are as follows:
Notes from ‘Alam al-Hudā on the manuscript of “Kasr al-Aṣnām al-Jāhiliyah”
A critique of Abdul Ḥaṣib, son of Seyyed Ahmad Alavi Ameli, on Shahid Thāni's view about Friday prayers
Interesting notes of an 11th century scholar from Natanz on a copy of Khutbat al-Bayān
The year 1297, the year of high prices and increase in the price of grains.
The scholars of Yazd!
A book belonging to Mirza Abdullah Effendi with his autograph
A poem by Mullah Mohammad Moghima
The exact date of Samhoudi's death

In the present article, the author has examined the text of several Manuscripts. These texts are as follows: Hats, gramophone and radios are signs of the apocalypse
The sixty-sixth sign of the apocalypse from the viewpoint of Mubārikei.
Interesting questions and answers from Mirzā ShirāzĪ
Astronomy and medicine, the week points in Islamic world
From Allāmah HillĪ to Allāmeh MajlisĪ
The emergence of a man from Ardabil, namely Shah Ismail

The Lantern of the Path is a book with moral and mystical contents attributed to Imam Ja’far Al-Sadiq (Upon Him Prayer and Peace), which was considered by mystics and Sufis at different periods in history on which some Sufis wrote commentaries. The writing style of the book regarding the content and the arrangement of chapters is remarkably similar to Sufis’ works. Whether or not this book has been correctly attributed to Imam Sadiq (UHPP) has always been a challenge among scholars. An analysis of the arguments made and discussions generated by both opponents and proponents show that such reasons, particularly given for important issues, are based on some parts of this book, which are by no means from the original parts of the book, but they were added to it later; or the existed parts which were neglected. This important issue makes it worthwhile to do codicology studies on the manuscripts of this book. On the other hand, reviewing manuscripts gives valuable insights into the history of the book’s emerging. The manuscripts of the book have lots of pluralities which are rarely found in other works. The most striking differences among these versions include difference in the introduction, number of chapters, content of the book, and in the final part of the book which should be investigated.

Jame› ol-Hikāyāt, by Nasrollāh bin Shahrollāh Teromezi, includes 200 anecdotes regarding the righteous, and is one of the unique manuscripts in the Library of Iran Parliament. Being selected and corrected by Alireza Zakāvati Qarāgozloo, the book was published by Haqiqat Publication in 1396. In the present paper, the author, first of all, makes a list of the  chapters of the book, and talks about some of the anecdotes of this book. Then, he mentions some of the mistakes found in the book along with their number of the pages.

Maulana’s Divan, alongside the Masnavi, has, for centuries, been a favorite book with circles of “Sama’,” people of taste and mysticism, and lovers of sonnets. The first critical edition of the book, edited by Foruzanfar, was published by University of Tehran in ten volumes, from 1957 to 1965. All following editions of the book have been prepared, publically or in private, according to Foruzanfar’s edition. Some editions carry the names of particular authors on them, while some others bear just the publishers’ names. Alongside these publications, the only reliable editions are those prepared by Professor Sobhani and published by Ghatreh Publications ,in 2002. The edition includes notes and explanations. The Foruzanfar edition, with all its advantages, had its critics, too. One of them was Professor Shafi’i Kadkani who, in his prominent Introduction to his Selections from Maulana’s Divan, suggested the need for another critical edition of the book. Kadkani’s last work on Mowlana’s Divan consisted two volumes, published in 2009. The expectation was that the selection would be based on a new attitude towards the manuscripts of the text, but, apart from a few corrections, the study is entirely based on the Foruzanfar edition. This paper deals with the quality of the Foruzanfar edition, the editions published before and after it, and Kadkani’s exhaustive edition, from a manuscriptological and editorial skills perspectives.