narrative

Contrary to the claims of those who consider the lack of historical reports on the government's dealings with the phenomenon of hijab as an indication of the non-obligation of the hijab, re-reading the lives of the innocents (pbuh), narrative and historical accounts indicate the explicit and implicit dealings of these nobles in the face of the phenomenon of not hijab and Low hijab has two dimensions, positive and negative. That is, on the one hand, they invited everyone to observe hijab and modesty, and on the other hand, they fought against the phenomenon of not wearing hijab and bad clothing.The current research, which was developed with the aim of examining the specific and general narrative foundations of the principle of the hijab obligation and the descriptive-analytical method, is a search for the purpose of explaining and investigating the general narrative foundations that are established through the application, determination of examples and revision of manat, as well as specific traditions that are explicitly And it clearly expresses the encounter and encounter and obligation of the innocents (pbuh) during their rule regarding the phenomenon of hijab. The findings of the research show that there are specific and general narratives in the verbal and practical life of the innocents (pbuh) regarding the encounter and government encounter with the phenomenon. Bad hijab is a sign of the Islamic government's binding and strict intervention in this issue, and with its father, the obligation and necessity of Islamic hijab in individual behavior

Diplomacy in the Era of Storytelling Media: A Comparative Study of the First Media Narrative of IRINN, CNN and BBC about the Attack on Aramco
Modern media have emerged from the transition from the fascinating and attractive land of narrative and storytelling media to the new communication technologies. Event is in the narrow border between the media narrative and the fictional narrative. Hence, event is the dividing agent between the media and fiction. In the presence of event, the media narratives can be verified, falsified or scrutinized. On the other hand, fictional narratives cannot be scrutinized, even if there is an equivalent for them in the reality.
‘News as an objective report of an event’ on which Walter Lippmann once emphasized has now faded away. Narratives of an event are sometimes contradictory, numerous and plural; sometimes the narrative take precedence over the event and is more believable in the mind of the audience than the event itself. Using a qualitative analysis approach and library sources, the present article endeavors to study the first reports of the three TV channels IRINN, CNN and BBC about the Aramco attack event and remind the reader of the signs of the decline of the traditional news media and the rise of the storytelling media in theMetanarrative and modern international system.

The current research is an attempt to analyze the multi-narrative/mono-narrative logic in media productions, which is specifically chosen for the study of the genre of television series. In terms of theory, the opinions of Mikhail Bakhtin, Roland Barthes and Gilles Deleuze have been used for the dual conceptualization of mono-narrative/multi-narrative of the text, and in terms of method, qualitative content analysis has been used. Based on theoretical-targeted sampling The two series "Roozgar Gharib" and "Parvaneh" were selected for analysis, which have a common feature of narrative-historical storytelling. Five sequences were selected from "Roozgar Gharib" and three sequences from "Parvaneh" which contain the richest data. The results show that "Roozgar Gharib" is based on multi-narrative logic, and in it, the narration of the main story is done in the context of dealing with all kinds of sub-stories and other sub-narratives. Not only the characters and actions and interactions are displayed in different dimensions and from different points of view, but also a wide range of apparently marginal adventures and events, secondary characters, voices unheard of and seemingly insignificant interactions are narrated alongside the main story. On the opposite point, the "Butterfly" series  presents a single story relying on a linear and monotonous narration, in which the audience is only able to hear the voice of the dominant narrator, and no one else.

Divorce is a social issue that exhibits a growing trend and is characterized by a process leading up to the application and implementation of the decision. Divorce can be initiated by either a man or a woman, resulting in three types of divorce requests: the man's request for divorce, the woman's request for divorce, or mutual agreement to separate. The statistical data revealed that women tend to initiate divorce more frequently or opt for mutual agreement, while men obtain divorces in lesser numbers. In the context of divorce in Iran, men have legal advantages as they can initiate divorce more easily compared to women. Divorce is commonly perceived as a male-driven process as women typically lack the ability to unilaterally divorce their husbands, whereas men can divorce their wives without providing any specific reasons. Despite divorces predominantly being initiated by women or through mutual agreement, there are men, who no longer wish to continue their marital relationships, leading them to make the decision to divorce and terminate their shared lives. Consequently, researchers are prompted to inquire about the decision-making process among men and the narratives they construct surrounding their choice to pursue divorce.  

The objective of this study was to gain insights into the lived experiences of men going through divorce through storytelling with the aim of developing a cohesive narrative within a chronological framework. The research was conducted in 2023, employing a qualitative approach and utilizing the narrative analysis method. Data collection involved purposive sampling and conversational interviews were conducted with 5 men, who were in the process of divorcing. Following Riessman's categorization (2008), the narrative data analysis encompassed 4 types: thematic analysis, structural analysis, discourse analysis, and performative analysis. For this particular study, thematic analysis, specifically a combination of the methods proposed by Attride-Stirling (2001), Braun & Clarke (2006), and King & Horrocks (2010), was employed. This approach was chosen due to its step-by-step and comprehensive nature, facilitating a thorough process of thematic analysis.

Through data analysis, 5 main themes were identified: 1) Instability of life, 2) Social pressures, 3) Redefinition of masculinity, 4) Assertion of rights, and 5) Charting a new path forward. These themes collectively represented the general narrative expressed by the participants. The decision-making process among the men to pursue divorce started with a sense of life instability. Prior to contemplating separation, the men experienced a series of conflicts and events that shook the stability, security, and foundation of the family. This included unmet expectations in areas, such as fidelity. In this study, infidelity emerged as the primary factor leading to divorce. Following infidelity, conflicts and arguments arose within the family and the men had certain basic expectations, such as consistent presence of their partners at home, being a mother to their child(ren), managing household chores, and establishing an emotional and sexual connection. Failure to meet these expectations, not due to the men demanding adherence to traditional gender roles, but rather the non-acceptance of these roles, intensified disputes. Over time, these issues extended beyond the home, becoming public and inviting interference from outsiders. Consequently, the public exposure of family problems diminished the men's dignity and reputation and eroded their decision-making authorities. This had led to social pressure as they had faced rejection and disapproval from their peers, friends, and acquaintances. In response to this pressure, they had sought to redefine masculinity, encompassing notions of power and their roles in the society. Some men, amidst conflicts and repeated mistakes, had associated financial independence with relinquishing payment of dowry. Thus, when the men had found themselves in a state of life instability compounded by personal and social pressures involving rejection, loss of dignity, and interference from others, the primary brakes on their decision-making—dowry and child custody—were removed. The dowry brake referred to either fulfilling or renouncing the dowry obligation, indicating their financial capability. The child brake involved determining post-divorce responsibilities for the children, often resulting in custody being granted to the spouse. These factors had propelled the men towards making quicker decisions and taking action towards divorce. By doing so, they had aimed to restore their reputation and address their obligations. Ultimately, the decision to divorce represented a fresh start as they sought to either remarry or embrace a new individual lifestyle. Overall, the findings of this study indicated that men, who go through divorce, endure numerous tumultuous circumstances in their lives, carefully considering all aspects before reaching a decision.

Over three decades after the war's resolution, ordinary women compelled to leave their homeland and subsequently reside in distant cities remain largely absent from narratives, research, and historiography. The most prominent texts on women's war experiences convey the narrative of women who were "decisive and influential," and who were able to make their voices heard due to their proximity to centers of power. Humanities research has focused exclusively on these published texts in the form of women's memoirs, avoiding direct reference to the enormous number of women who survived and lived through the war. Due to this gap in the discourse of war, this study attempted to address the lived experiences of 32 of these women directly by referring to those who live in Mashhad's Shahid Beheshti Town. In addition to analyzing the gender existence of the participants, structural concerns such as class, economic status, ethnicity, and culture are explored with the theoretical approach of "feminist phenomenology" and adherence to "positional subjectivity." The gathered narratives are evaluated in a narrative fashion using a "structuralist narrative" approach, and the "central narrative," which comprises the experiences of all participants, is narrated in three sections: "Facing War," "Survival Struggle," and "Reviving Life and Striving to Improve It."

This research aimed to investigate the factors of repulsion and attraction in the migration of villages by focusing on the narratives of migrants. Most of the research that have dealt with this issue have generally ignored the mental interpretation of immigrants regarding the factors affecting the repulsion of the origin and the attractiveness of the destination. The population studied in this research are families who migrated from Kamfirouz and settled in Saadi and Javadiyeh towns of Shiraz. The narrative method was used to obtain the life narrative of these people. Moreover, the interview method was used to collect the required data. The interviews were conducted using an exploratory approach and in a semi-structured manner in the residences of these people. After 22 detailed interviews, theoretical saturation was achieved. Four obtained models are: 1) Immigrant families with economic poverty; 2) Families that have undergone normative value transformation; 3) Rural landowners living on the outskirts of the city; 4) Families interested in work and constant effort (work culture). The results showed that from the participants’ perspective, the repulsive factors are lack of development, seasonal unemployment, lack of welfare and educational facilities, intense collective surveillance and violation of privacy of personal life. Moreover, urban attractiveness factors are the acquisition of higher social status, modern orientation, the existence of a network of previous acquaintances, the availability of suitable educational facilities, and higher welfare facilities in the city.

In recent decades, computer games have become increasingly captivating to audiences, surpassing other platforms primarily due to their interactive nature. Paying attention to the entertainment dimension and as a result the lack of narration in most of these games has caused the issue of teaching lifestyle to children and teenagers to be neglected. The present article, focusing on the necessity of narration in the direction of culture formation and education for children and teenagers, has analyzed the native game " Biston Story " from the perspective of narratology of the contemporary theorist in the field of computer games " Marie-Lore Ryan ".   The main question of the research is what is the role of stories and narratives in creating culture and directing interactive computer games for children and teenagers. The method of the current research is descriptive-analytical and has been carried out with a developmental goal.On this basis, in order to answer the questions about the nature of narration in this game, attention has been paid to collecting information about the issue of narration in computer games, and the nine levels of narration in the computer game " Biston Story " have been analyzed in order to understand the role of the audience as an actor in the narration and Check the game guide using the colors.The results of the research show that despite the many advantages of interactive platforms in the field of children and teenagers, few researchers know about the important capabilities and advantages of using this media in order to induce and teach cultural values.The analysis of this game shows that the narrative in the final stage and the final fate of the game are made by the choices of the audience along the way of the game, and in this way, the audience has the role of the actor of the narrative and the guide of the game.

Following the importance of studying migration as a possibility in recent migration literature, concepts such as "migration willing" and "staying willing" have been at the center of attention. Migration aspiration is defined as the priority of migration over staying, which is built into the biographical narratives of the potential migrantsIn this study, we have tried to interpret the information obtained from the narrative interview with some respondents by using the thematic narrative analysis. We selected the participants in a purposive sampling from young people between 20- 40 years old living in Isfahan. The findings show that the themes of willing to leave the homeland in the biographical narrative of the participants can be interpreted in three parts: turning points, anternarratives and proleptic reasons. Turning points are often formed by the narrator's interpretation of a specific action or happening in the past of his biography, which was the decisive moment of his decision to migrate; These actions and happenings drive his aspiration and lead to other anternarratives or reasons for migration. anternarratives are other reasons for those who aspire to leave their homeland, which originate from rethinking their personal experiences or knowledge and awareness of the context in which they live. Proleptic reasons are also related to predicting the future of life in the destination country or the future of life in the homeland in the continuation of the practical rationality of those who aspire to migrate.

Increasing the tendency to divorce is one of the most important harms to the family and society; These injuries have great human, social, and economic costs, which are related to poor health, emotional disorders, addiction, and family poverty (Sands, Thompson, & Gaysina, 2017).

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of narrative therapy on the rumination of divorced mothers in Behbahan.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The study population was all divorced mothers in Behbahan;  44 people were selected as a sample and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. After the pretest, the protocol of the eight-session narrative therapy and post-test sessions with the questionnaire: RRS Nolenhohaxma and Murrow (1991);

Statistical analysis of covariance was performed on 44 people, which confirmed the findings of data analysis, The results showed that the protocol of narrative therapy, rumination: (p <0.01, F = 13.53) has reduced the number of mothers in the area.

Therefore, narrative therapy had an effect on the rumination of divorced mothers, and this treatment method can be applied to divorced mothers to increase mental health and reduce the harms of life after divorce and being a single parent.

In the narrative of economic actors, entrepreneurs and managers, some romantic elements and concepts are defined by the endorsement of a specific kind of economic discipline. In this structural order and definition, the economic status of individuals is considered rational, normal,, balanced, and logical. This definition depends on risk-taking, ideation, potential, and imagination implementation in the business context. The entrepreneurial ecosystem applies the romantic perspective principles and creates perceptions and norms contagiously by giving priority to genius. In this context, failure and its consequences are individualistic issues and concerns. Meanwhile, new heroes have emerged. These heroes have characteristics and signatures that can be considered a model. The ecosystem introduces and defines a new precious act. In the present study, it has been tried to depict genius and Iranian entrepreneurs using narrative research methods and semi-structured interviewing. We interviewed directly economic actors, such as founders and CEOs of startups, investors, innovative incubator centers, traditional entrepreneurs, and benevolent. This qualitative research focused on identifying and exploring the genius, economic romanticism, and aestheticization of economics theoretically. Our findings indicate that many narratives of the entrepreneurial ecosystem are compatible with the romantic act, while the sentimentality and opportunism of romanticism undermine the significance of the context.

In this article, we have tried to understand what and how people deal with these phenomena using the narrations of people. For this study, the city of Tabriz was selected as the first city involved in the modern world.In this article, we set the basis for renewal with the question of Abbas Mirza. This question took us to the first half of the 19th century, and with the pervasiveness of modern world, we followed different narratives until the second half of the 20th century.The data analyzing method of this article is thematic analysis. The extracted themes were categorized into five themes: "resistance to the modern world", "the fear of losing faith", "the incompatibility of new phenomena with the cultural organism of society"," the reception of modern world" and "distrust of states".This research shows that with the emergence of a new order in Tabriz, a great conflict has occurred between the old and new worldview and the old and new patterns. The findings of this treatise indicate that the new situation has not been easily achieved. Although the discourse of Renewal has opened its way with the efforts of the intelligentsia of renewal, the super-discourse of traditional world which overshadow all the linguistic, rational and existential layers of the collective, personal and doctrinal life of individuals, has been spared no effort until the establishment of any modern phenomenon. Thus the formation of a new world has been accompanied by much resistance, strife and conflict.

Memory politics in post-revolutionary Iran had been the main element in formation of national identity. Post-revolutionary governments using the politicising of memory invent new discourses and expand it for its own legitimation and transcending the reconciled identities. Yet, these politicisation have been non-functional.The dominant memory cultures in post-revolutionary Iran destroyed the relation between memory and identity and made the remembering of revolution ambiguous.Second generation one of the kinds of post-revolutionary generations using the communicative memory for remembering the past and post-memory generation the ones which indeed connect to the traumatic past through cultural memory have faced politicised memory through the effects of institutional memory.In other occasions, politics of memory have been applied to demonstrate part of the past, causing the formation of situated silences, prescribed forgetfulness(amnesia) or staying in victimhood witch will result in contested identities. Narratives of past in in theses generations manifest the elements involved in formation of contest and the applications on compromisation.Since then the contests in post revolutionary groups and its diversity in formation of silences or protests, ends up in protracrted identity conflict and successes or failure of a nation-states.

Generation of Narrative; Removal of Dystopia/Living with (Dys)topia: The Last Pomegranate of the World (2002) and The Time of Negligence (2004)Abstract:Both the postmodern novels The Last Pomegranate of the World (2002) written by Bachtyar Ali, an Iraqi Kurdish writer, and The Time of Negligence (2004) by Mohammad Reza Kateb have a dystopian space. During those years, Iran was in a state of transition from the Khatami presidency to Ahmadinejad, and Iraq was going through the last years of Saddam's rule. In order to investigate the pervasive state of dystopia, we went to the utopian openings of the main characters and studied the novels from the window of the possibility of getting rid of dystopia. Due to the complex conditions of the Middle East, the duplicated or integrated characters have unattainable utopias that cannot exist due to reification, privatization, etc. Depending on the situation, opium (a kind of story here) and promises are ideological/utopian paths in which the characters are emploted. Bachtyar's praised promises are hopeful for the removal of dystopia, and Kateb's blamed opium provide the possibility of coexistence with it. In this way, utopia reveals ideology and emancipatory literature predicts the future by inserting the reality structure into the novel structure.

The present study has aimed to investigate changes in students' attitudes and believes that ultimately lead to the formation of their final identity after entering the university. Hence a qualitative narrative approach has been used. The statistical population comprised all students of Kurdistan University in Iran. Using convenience sampling, 14 students who volunteered to participate in the study and express their narratives were selected. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews, which continued to reach a theoretical saturation. The duration of the interviews varied from 40 to 60 minutes. The Braun and Clark method were used to analyze the data and achieve the main themes. The main issue in this study was the changes in students' believes and the formation of their identity in different fields, which were influenced by several factors. According to the results, the main extracted themes are: political identity, spiritual identity, scientific identity and social identity of students, which has been formed as a result of attending university in a different way than the time of arrival.

Twitter is a global communication network that has become an instrument of diplomacy and promotion of international social capital of countries in the current era. Twitter has played an important role in US foreign policy, especially after the JCPOA. The problem is that the JCPOA, as the most important achievement of Iranian diplomacy, is in danger. In the meantime, Iranian diplomacy has achieved a good result with the help of the growth of communication technology. The main question in this paper is “what role does Twitter play in the power of Iranian diplomacy in the JCPOA, a capacity to strengthen international social capital when the United States withdraws from it?” The research method of this paper is a qualitative content analysis of the tweets of the political leaders of Iran and the United States. A total of 5700 tweets were analyzed using Maxqda 18 software. Based on the strategic narrative approach and soft power, the analysis of the content of the tweets shows that Iran has defined an active diplomacy to influence the United States in withdrawing from the JPCOA to restore attitudes, trust, and identity, which are important elements in producing international social capital. Promoting this important cause by relying on the sources of social capital production has created a new image of it in the international community. The main elements of social capital, i.e. participation and trust, have the ability to spread in the international space. The use of the same elements allows the concept of soft power, formed in the form of elements such as politics, culture and values, to be used with these resources. Finding and creating new dimensions. This has serious implications in the context of participation. The higher the level of government participation in international organizations, treaties and institutions, the greater the effectiveness of social capital, is worth considering (Mushirzadeh &Vaseinejad, 2018). Its dynamics is based on the goodwill of members to reciprocate positive interactions (Bigart & Deliberg, 2004). It is also a social capital for international security (Shirkhani & Vaseizadeh, 2012). Considering the importance of building trust, it is a ubiquitous category that can be effective in using international social capital for communication networks.The Iranian narrative about itself, the United States, and the JCPOA has been active in the context of generating soft power in the form of partnership development and trust as two effective factors for generating soft power. In other words, as international trust and the participation of countries in the international arena can be considered in the context of the soft power of these countries. Soft power is generated on the basis of trust and trust is a prerequisite for soft power (Moshirzadeh & Vaseinejad, 2018). Iran ultimately seeks a position (of equality based on mutual respect) and seeks to create or promote an alternative order that serves its national interests rather than the prevailing order (acting in accordance with international law rather than coercion). The success of the Iranian narrative requires the deliberate creation and dissemination of the narrative in the new media ecosystem, on behalf of Twitter, and maximizing its impact on the audience (persuasion). This requires adopting a point of view and a method based on a systematic scientific method, because trial and error in the new media ecosystem-and especially in the current situation-can be costly not only for Iran but for the entire world. Iranian foreign policy relies on the triangle of nationalism, Islamism, and commitment to the structure of government in the modern world to explain self-awareness and to guide governments and nations toward a true image.

“Time and Narrative” (3 vol. 1983-1985) of Paul Ricoeur (1913-2005) was translated from French to Persian by Mahshid Nonahali, which was published fully by Nashr-e Ney in 2018. Ricoeur's book is a difficult work that requires relatively complete familiarity with various disciplines and branches of humanities such as philosophy, history, literature, narratology, etc. For this reason, less attention is paid here to the third volume and more to the second volume. Regarding translation, it can be claimed that fidelity and accuracy have been respected, but there are many problems, especially in the field of Persian language. Apart from other problems, the translator's prose lacks sufficient dynamic and fluency to convey Ricoeur's concepts; her obsession with translation and syntactic inflexibility has made the book a difficult work. In addition, the fundamental mistakes of the translator about some important terms such as anecdote/narrative, story / history, etc. are discussed, which have caused some of the reader's difficulties in understanding the text. The translator's attention to the heritage of previous translators could reduce some of the translation problems.

Bahram Beizayi is one of the most important artists in the field of drama in Iran. Nevertheless, after nearly 60 years of Beizai's artistic activity, and in the tumult of opponents and proponents of his works, what can be seen and heard is about what he says, not how he says: from mythological and historical critiques to feminist and political critiques that interpret his works in the politics of the time.  In this article, we try to examine 3 elliptical works including "The Eighth Voyage of Sindbad", " Reed Curtain" and "Facing Mirrors" from the perspective of narrative form. Elliptical screenplays are writings that are published before they can be made. From this perspective, we encounter a unique phenomenon that allows screenwriters to access, research and study the screenplay itself - even before the film is made. The way to explain and examine these works is to examine the narrative style and, in particular, the timing of the narrative, relying on the views of Gerard Genette, the French structuralist narrator. The purpose of this article is to study the relationship between time and causality as the basis of a narrative in Elliptical works and to explain how he views the universe, focusing on the form of his works.

Manzello’s encounter with the nature of historical cognition and the quality of its achievement on the two epistemological horizons of modernism and postmodernism in the light of the three historical approaches of reconstructionism, constructivism and deconstructionism in the transition from modernism to postmodernism, with the subtle difference between the two concepts of "historian" And the “history-researcher” is considered to be examined. The historian who lives in the discourse space of the realization of the historical subject, immersed in modern conditions, experiences and compels the resulting comprehension of history and creates historical documents. The “history-researcher” lives in the contemporary discourse space and thinks in accordance with the structural and discourse requirements of his time and communicates with history. The history-researcher, both in the sense of reconstruction-construction and in the sense of deconstruction, presents his narrative in the light of narration and passing through events. A detailed description of the above-mentioned three approaches is considered by Manzello's book entitled “Deconstruction of History”, which is examined in both negative and positive aspects.