peace

By its multidisciplinary nature, geopolitics deals with various areas of political and spatial phenomena; these phenomena have both external and objective reality as well as abstract and subjective reality. With the increase of literature related to critical geopolitics, the fields of geopolitical studies expanded its range of studies in new fields and environments such as environment, culture and art. Meanwhile, art as a popular science and category has special political and spatial effects. Given the common themes in the two fields of geopolitics and art, the present study aimed to investigate the examples and relations between geopolitics and art, and the geopolitics of art. To answer this question with a descriptive-analytical method, the geopolitical concepts and examples of art were studied. Findings showed that geopolitical concepts such as competition, cooperation, power, politics and space reflected and represented in art on different scales. Thus, art in its general and broad sense under the title of fine arts, and art as a space for the transmission of meaning (iconographic element) is a kind of objective and abstract space in which geopolitical concepts and foundations were represented.

The aim of this research is to understand how new media can intertwine the multifaceted dimensions and processes of religion and peace within (global) society in the current era. Additionally, it explores how religion can utilize new media to promote peace globally and converge various social and cultural groups.

This article employs existing theoretical and research capacities in religious studies and communication/media studies, utilizing a library-based method and an analytical approach. It seeks to answer research questions through a conceptual triangulation of three theories: "Meaning Mediation," "Geertz's Model; Religion as a Cultural System," and "Lederach's Peacebuilding Pyramid." 

New media can alter the meanings of concepts and, by enhancing knowledge and awareness, create platforms for constructive dialogues, mobilize civil actors, and showcase war victims to garner public support for conflict resolution. Religion, as a cultural resource, can also collaborate with new media to unite religious and secular actors around the theme of peace, overcoming media limitations such as filtering and the dissemination of fake news.

With the disintegration of the Soviet Union in the 1990s, the understanding of power also gradually changed. Soft power by modifying the limited focus of realist power analysis i.e. possessing specific tangible resources to maintain and increase national power, introduces persuasive power; the ability to shape the desires of others not by force but through persuasion distinguishes between hard and soft power. In terms of effectiveness, it clearly showed the nature of the behavior and the concreteness of the resources. In Joseph Nye's explanation, soft power is an analytical concept that matches and overlaps with realist, liberal, and constructivist views and theories. Higher education can be regarded as an apparatus of soft power, thereby entailing examination of its relationship with other international theories.  The basic question is the position of the soft power of higher education in international theories and how it can be theoretically explained in the theories that have also observed pragmatic behaviors. Here, by explaining higher education as a cultural matter and an apparatus of soft power, we demonstrate its relationship with the theories of realism, liberalism and constructivism. Methodologically, we are conducting an interdisciplinary study, citing library studies and explaining descriptive review. In examining each of these theories, we present narratives, conceptual and theoretical frameworks regarding the role of the soft power of higher education to explain its role in domestic development and national interests in various political, social, cultural, technological and economic fields, maintaining peace and preventing conflict as well as its role in expanding public diplomacy and soft power of higher education.

The impenetrable position of ethics and human values, placing all areas of human life under the umbrella of ethics and untying ethics from various ethical dilemmas, makes it necessary to explore and evaluate the works and manifestations of ethics. Reaching the high peaks of human morality and dignity is not an easy task. God's success, knowledge, courage, steel determination and a will like a firm and stable mountain are needed. There is no doubt that knowledge is a powerful lever to motivate and move beyond ethics and overcome crises. With this definition, the approach of this article is a descriptive analytical method, examining human values and moral works in the light of managing spiritual crises, with the focus of the words of Amir Momenan Ali (P.B.U.H). Paying attention to the theoretical foundations of ethics in Imam Ali's words, which is based on several principles, is effective in building a society free from moral vices and promoting the culture of self-management and the will to avoid contamination and sins. This approach is ultimately indicative of a new research to express the point that values and morals are the highest capital that God has destined for man, and by knowing them and by providing basic solutions, a person - facing  a full of conflict and crisis world- can live in the shadow of  peace and devine values.

Social networks based on Web 2 have provided some possibilities for reporters to cover conflicts, regardless of organizational constraints. The main concern of this article is how much the journalists are involved in covering the water conflict in Gheyzaniyeh, and did they use the peace journalism news values for conflict resolution?To answer these questions, we used a mixed-methods of network analysis and thematic analysis. Then, after extracting 51,169 tweets about Gheyzaniyeh in the period of six mounth we identified the users who spread messages. In the other words, we Identified Connectors, mavens, and salesmen.We also specified the three clusters with the highest percentage based on the modularity index. afterward, by the method of thematic analysis and based on the peace journalism model the forms of violence has specified.The results show that journalists are not the main actors in spreading messages within the network, and instead, all main users tweet with unknown accounts.mainstream accounts (like BBC Persian and Manoto TV) have the most reached tweets and the most posts have been tweeted at the time of the conflict (June 1) and they have a reactive-oriented approach, which in practice creates the polarised between the Rouhani government - the Revolutionary Guards and the State - people.Also, a special review of the tweets of journalists who have published tweets during this period, shows that they have a more analytical approach than ordinary users and try to give users more background information about what happened instead of emotional reaction.

"Global patriotism" is coexistence in a society while respecting each other's differences. Unlike provicialism, which seeks to assimilate and subvert differences, cosmopolitanism welcomes diversity and plurality in society.

Aims, significance, and questions:

The reason for choosing three children's picture books with the common theme of "patriotic peace" from three writers from Madagascar (a society with a history of colonization), Britain (a society with a history of colonialism) and Iran (a society with a history of sacred defense) is that by studying them, the effect of differences the cultural structures of societies are revealed on the difference of representations of a common theme. the present research seeks to answer how the historical-social structure of the writers' nationality is related to the aesthetic structure of their stories. In this regard, the questions of the present research are:a) How does the difference in the aesthetic structure of each of the three mentioned stories lead to the difference in the representation of the concept of cosmopolitanism? b) How does the worldvision structure of the author of each of these works, as three representatives of different socio-cultural classes, relate to the aesthetic structure of their literary work?

This research was carried out with the analytical-comparative method and according to Goldmann's genetic struturaism approach, and its data was collected by library method. The sample group is selected by "targeted sampling" method.

In the plot of all three stories, the problematic character wants "permission to enter" a place like a house or a club and seeks to coexist with others.Ruillier, as a transpersonal agent, in the small and insignificant square (Ruillier, 2014), criticizes those in power who consider the condition of social acceptance and coexistence of the defeated minority to be assimilation and melting into the dominant culture. As one of the minorities who immigrated to France, Rouillier is left between the dilemma of preserving his cultural identity (the African country of Madagascar) and assimilating with the dominant French culture; In order to create the maximum awareness possible, he has displayed the conflict of an immigrant's worldview with the dominant culture of the society beyond in the form of a heterogeneity of a square with a circular door of a house whose gate is designed based on its own circular citizens.Kelly, the English author of the story Can I join your club? (Kelly, 1400), shows his otherness to all the societies of the world (especially the eastern countries) in the duck metaphor. Duck is a problematic character who does not have any common characteristics with the members of any of the clubs. The mentioned story considers each of the clubs to represent a society with a different culture, which rejects the duck as a cultural other. In fact, clubs are a metaphor for societies that do not have the slightest commonality with British culture, like the countries of the East. The choice of characters represents eastern societies (clubs of lions, elephants and snakes) as bigoted, wild, uncivilized and violent, and western societies as harmless and oppressed ducks.In Crazy House (2017), the house is not a geographical place; Rather, it is a discursive space. Each and every pet wants to enter the space of universal discourse (enter home); But the house does not allow any of them alone. That is, none of the animals can experience globalization alone; But when they form a coalition against the foreign common enemy (wolf); The atmosphere of cosmopolitan discourse is realized.

The generality of all three stories is the same in terms of content; But in terms of form, each one is different from the other. The dissimilarity of the aesthetic structures of the text causes the difference in the representations of the common concept of "cosmopolitan" and these representations are consistent with the culture and nationality of their authors.Every writer is a transindividual subject who reproduces the possible and ideal world of his nation in his artistic work. As a transindividual subject of the diaspora class (immigrants), Rouillier seeks globalization. On the opposite point, Kelly, as a transindividual subject and a representative of a colonialist society, seeks to globalize other societies. Mohammadreza Shams as a transindividual subject of a country that had a history of holy defense, although it claims cosmopolitanism; But in reality, it still hasn't separated from traditional nationalism (which is rooted in Iranian culture and in stories, the Shahnameh, etc.) and hasn't accepted border demarcation.

The purpose of this study was to explain sociologically the role of cooperation and collaboration in peace-loving changes in the Olympic disciplines. In the present study, the method has been used. The statistical sample could be evaluated in the age group of 15 to 32 years and a total of 204 questionnaires by the total number method and with the knowledge of the ten Olympic disciplines and the introduction of the mentioned from the mentioned sports disciplines. The results of the frequency of athletes' responsiveness in the index of cooperation and collaboration in peace-loving changes showed that the result of dividing the chi-square index by the degree of freedom is equal to 2.70. The root mean square index of estimation error (RMSEA) in this model is equal to 0.029, which is within the allowable RMSEA limit of 0.80. The results of the study showed that the specific situation of the sport, which is team and individual, and violent and non-violent, can be effective on cooperation and joint efforts in changing the peace of friendship and related approaches. It is suggested to conduct more research in this field in the country as well as comparative studies related to other countries.

The present paper aimed at analyzing the peace education components in the discourse of Iranian education documents with a critical view toward the role of dominant political discourses in the presentment of peace and peace education in Iranian society. To this end, the discourse of education documents in elementary school, middle school, and junior high school levels (between 1994 and 2014) were analyzed and questions like the following were addressed:What is the status of the core components of peace education in the discourse of Iranian education documents and what is the discourse prevailing over them? What are the nodal points and antagonistic boundaries of the aforementioned discourses and what role have they played in the presentment of peace education? This paper used a discourse analysis research method to analyze the existing and produced official documents in Iranian education through a critical look. The findings showed that the peace education components have not been introduced to the education documents of this period. Moreover, the introduction of ideas and themes of war, enmity, and hatred in this period’s educational texts has resulted in negative stereotyping as well as legitimization of violence and war in individuals’ beliefs, besides marginalizing peace through creating a cycle of violence. The ideological discourse with a revolutionary fervor was identified as the discourse prevailing over the education documents. Educational discourse in this period has become hegemonic based on the nodal point of religion as well as support for the oppressed. Furthermore, in the results of these analyses, antagonistic boundaries, nodal points, and moments were presented in the form of a discourse model.

Forgiveness is one of the moral virtues and means forgiving and ignoring the bad deeds of others. This moral virtue is of special importance in the family and can maintain and strengthen it. Forgiveness is relaxing and removing the damages that happen within the family between its members, in the form of tensions between couples, parents and children, based on the difference in their temperament. This article, with a descriptive and analytical method, examines the position and role of forgiveness in family consolidation, and by stating the threats of forgiveness in family consolidation, such as arrogance, domineering of spouses towards each other, negligence, impetuousness and conflict between them, scientific solutions and It provides a way to get out of them. The findings of the research show that forgiveness among family members causes fundamental changes and turns negative thoughts into positive thoughts. Forgiveness brings God's satisfaction and climbs the ladder of human ascension. Finally, it has a positive effect on our evolution process. Also, forgiveness brings dignity and honor to a person, forgiveness between family members, peace, intimacy, goodness and spirituality of spouses.

In the study, we have studied the peace or the anti-war posters of Iranian and American designers. Beyond the analysis of the visual elements, At the level of poster interpretation the question of whether the selected works have utopian, or dystopian aspects in showing the peace or antiwar messages, is answered. Mehdi Saeedi's posters lead us to move from the obvious level of visual elements to the levels of hidden content, with meanings such as criticizing and questioning the idea of peace in the societies. In Ghobad Shiva's peace posters, the language of the image is universal. In other words, the artist seeks a design and style that involves international taste. In his poster collection, Seymour Chowst also shares the idea that human beings can’t be safe from war and the harm and destruction of military weapons. Glaser also used body language to express his ideas and concepts, which are often shared. The form of the bird of peace in the universal language is a common understanding in all the states but the hands perform the new utopian idea of peace. Mehdi Saeedi`s posters and American works rely more on dystopian aspects. Ghobad Shiva has not taken a critical approach to the symbol of world peace. By following the symbol of world peace, he has paid more attention to the utopian aspects. So the Americans and Saeedi took a critical view and relied on dystopian aspects. So they did predict that human beings' destiny will go to the dystopian aspects.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the trend of biophilic urban planning theory and its effects on the tranquility and environmental security of cities. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on data collection through survey method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Its validity was confirmed by the elite community and its reliability was confirmed by using Cronbach's coefficient greater than 0.78. The statistical population of the study consists of experts and specialists in the field of urban planning and urban planning, which due to the lack of accurate statistics in this field, the sample size of 100 experts was considered. Analysis of the results showed that the theory of biophilic urban planning in urban design, planning and management has been significantly equal to 0.000 but the average of these indicators confirms 1.81, 2.53 and 2, respectively, that this theory in development The city has not been used. Also, the result of one-sample t-test showed that biophilic urban planning is effective in reducing stress, reducing social pressure, creating psychological security, creating calm, reducing urban crises and reducing social crimes at a significant level of less than 0.05. The greatest impact of biophilic urban planning has been on reducing urban crises with an average of 3.90 and then creating calm with 3.81. The correlation between urban development index and biophilic architecture with tranquility and environmental security is equal to 0.760, which is a direct correlation. In total, the features of urban planning and biophilic architecture are able to explain 76% of the changes in the dependent variable, ie improving peace and security.

Given the status of insight in the objective realization of lifestyle, the importance of changing customary and doubtful attitudes in maintaining an optimal lifestyle is evident. In this regard, this applied, library- based research has reviewed related Islamic texts highlighting the views of prominent thinkers and confirming the views of positive psychologists in the empirical dimension. It has induced the relevant information, analyzed qualitative (thematic) content, examined verse 34 of Al-Nisa chapter through Qur'anic, narrative and experimental data based on positive psychology and analyzed it qualitatively in the light of peace of family at home. Therefore, this research mainly deals with man’s role as the protector and maintainer and its relationship with peace of the family. After discussing some concepts particularly "Qavamiyat"(protection and maintenance) and relationships based on man’s "Justice, good temper, respect, honesty, meeting family’s material and spiritual needs and", it is concluded that the Qur'an and hadiths confirm this psychological findings the management of man is "duty-oriented, responsible, task-oriented and service-oriented"; this is a wise strategy in the Islamic way of life with the aim of gaining peace in the family context by institutionalizing which the way to treat possible behavioral abnormalities in these conditions will be to return to this insight and mentality

The interdependence resulting from globalization and the common crisis individuals face make the cooperation among scholars and researchers of different disciplines inevitable. Since promoting the culture of peace has become a significant concern for researchers, managing the current complicated situation needs a peaceful environment. Today, a wide range of studies emphasize the importance of peace believing it can bring calmness, security, stability as well as sustainability. Considering knowledge and awareness as primary concepts in shaping insights, attitudes, and peaceful behavior, the current paper has tried to study the role of a university in promoting the culture of peace. Through a qualitative method and semi-structured interviews with experts in the education domain, a hypothesis was discussed: "the university is an active actor in promoting the culture of peace through its functions (education, research, and social responsibility) and playing a crucial role in diplomacy institution." Based on theoretical and field studies findings, a sustainable university model was found to be an effective one for peace promotion, a university that institutionalizes sustainability in educational, research, and social services.

Peace and friendship are one of the most important and fundamental unifying principles in society. One of the defined tasks of sovereignty in the human system is to secure, safeguard and strengthen the peace infrastructure in society. One of the foundations of unity in society is the establishment of fairness and justice, whose intelligent and rational implementation among the different classes and classes of society is a guarantee of lasting, dynamic and profound peace and security; In social interactions, there is an increase in the popularity of one another and, as a result, the foundation of peace in society. At a glance, one who is bound to seek and think differently in his social interactions has been an important and influential element in the process, unknowingly joining the process of peace and security. In our scriptures and literature we have in various ways deepened and consolidated the principles and principles of reconciliation and mediation among individuals of particular interest, reflecting the inescapable fact that Islam has always been a advocate of peace and friendship and of conflict. And the fight was on. The purpose of this descriptive-analytical study is to take a look at one of the most important passages of the letter of Nahj al-Balagha, 31 known as the Golden Rule, and its manifestation in Iranian poets' poetry. Is.

This research explains "peace journalism" which is regarded as a new concept in worldwide journalism literature. The main goal of this research will help to explain and promote the level of theoretical literature of peace journalism. To this end, the indicators and values of this kind of journalism are defined to evaluate how much six large circulation newspapers applied the said standards during the war between coalition forces and Iraqi military force. The research is based on the Galtung theory and four main approaches of peace journalism (Solution-oriented approach, Process-oriented approach, Truth-oriented approach and People-oriented approach) and we have added two key principles in journalism: professional and moral standards. The researchers assume that interaction between those four approaches and the two principles could lead to sustainable peace for newspapers. After figuring out and explaining the values and approaches of peace journalism by content analysis, the study shows that the above newspapers didn’t applied the four mentioned approaches. In fact, the newspapers paid more attention on people-oriented. Having cultural proximity with Iraq, the Iranian newspapers used people-oriented approach during the war. In other word, the six daily papers just reflected the “innocence of Iraqi people” during the war and the other war dimensions were less addressed by them. Thus, these newspapers had not any correspondent in Iraq to coverage the war news; instead, descriptive reports, analytic and investigative reports were published.

As an Iranian tradition, the Nowruz ritual constituted based on the natural order and foundation. It may also be rooted in the social characteristics. Accordingly, it sets a context for peace and friendship in-between the human and the nature, as well as among the humans. The foundation is established according to the concepts such as the beginnings, the end of time, the diversification for happy-go-lucky, the life legend, the living proof, the echo-system of the nature, the harmony with the nature, focusing on the value - not price - of the nature, and finally the rhythmic tone of the time. Not only this foundation contributes in the social dimensions of human’s life in terms of peace and friendship, but also it is a good ground explaining that why it has a long-life in the Iranian culture during the historical trajectory. Thus, in the present study, it was attempted to explore the Nowruz ritual from the outset of the Iranian life in order to delve into a social solidarity and mental integrities made among them, and that could be extended over the generations and among other non-Iranian people too, and also to shed light on the mysterious long history concerning the Nowruz ritual in the past, nowadays and the future.

At the Rome Diplomatic Conference (1998), which was held to ratify the Statute of the International Criminal Court, the ban of the use of nuclear weapons was not agreed to insert in the Statute of The Court. However, the disastrous effects of using these weapons, including massive human destruction, environmental destruction and violation of international humanitarian law are obvious to all. There is some of legal requirements regarding the jurisdiction of The Court in cases involving the use of nuclear weapons. Also, the facts that the majority of nuclear-weapon states did not accept the jurisdiction of The Court, and the majority of permanent members of the UN Security Council is formed of these states, reduce the possibility of criminal proceedings against the actions of a person using nuclear weapons. With regard to the characteristics and effects of the use of nuclear weapons, it can be prohibited under the crimes of jurisdiction of the Court, including genocide, crimes against humanity and war crime and prosecuted by the person using it at the International Criminal Court.