safety

 The armed forces must always be ready to deal with any aggression, and to maintain this readiness, it is very necessary to pay attention to the safety of the logistics system and storage of ammunition; Because being ready to work with ammunition and explosives in practical situations is a very necessary and undeniable requirement, and since one of the problems faced by military organizations is the safety of ammunition storage, where failure to do so reduces the lifespan of ammunition, lack of proper efficiency in time It will be used and followed by ammunition accidents, so the main purpose of this research is to explain how to improve the safety of ammunition storage in the Islamic Republic of Iran Army based on international standards, which in four dimensions of manpower training (theoretical training, practical training) , safety of places and facilities (public places, ammunition dumps, repair and renovation workshops), safety equipment (fire alarm, fire extinguishing, unloading and loading, grounding and lightning arrester systems) and safe methods and procedures (standards, instructions and processes safety) has been investigated. Based on this, the type of applied research and its method is descriptive and with a mixed approach. Also, in order to analyze the information obtained from the questionnaires, the descriptive analysis of frequency and frequency percentage was used, and the results show that the opinions of experts and the results of the questionnaire are in line with the literature and the theoretical background of the research.

Considering the importance of the role of the transportation industry and the increasing use of vehicles, the issue of driving safety has always been relatively important, but in the last two decades, due to the increase in accidents and casualties resulting from them, this issue is of greater importance. With principled and targeted planning based on comprehensive international programs and their localization at the national and local levels, the goals set in this regard can be achieved, one of which is the Global Road Safety Program. In this study, the researcher seeks strategies for implementing the Global Road Safety Program in traffic police. And we are looking for an answer to this fundamental question by analyzing the status of the implementation of the Global Road Safety Improvement Program in the traffic police with an assessment.

This research is practical in terms of purpose because it seeks to achieve results that will be used by the traffic police and traffic management organizations. Given that this research seeks to determine the implementation strategies of the Global Road Safety Improvement Program in the traffic police and from the perspective of information collection, it is mixed. The statistical population of the qualitative part of this research is strategic and security managers in the traffic field. The statistical sample size is 29 of the managers who have been selected purposefully. In the quantitative part, considering the strategic nature of the research title, the statistical population has been determined purposefully to include traffic experts.

Data analysis showed that despite the fact that the Decade of Action Plan, as an upstream document, is a comprehensive and all-round program that considers all aspects involved and effective in reducing road casualties in the five dimensions of traffic safety management, road safety, user safety, vehicle safety, and effective measures after an accident in the field of relief and rescue, the lack of implementation or weakness in the performance of this program, as implemented by other countries, has failed to meet the goals of sustainable reduction of traffic casualties in our country.

IRI Traffic Police, whether directly or indirectly, have a prominent role and influence on all agencies involved in traffic safety management, and have a great impact on reducing accidents and improving traffic safety.

Recognizing and addressing students’ needs is a crucial step in designing effective educational programs (Levi, 2010, p. 88). To engage students and meet their requirements, curricula should be adaptable and evolve to align with their interests (Smith, 2009, p. 9). However, Iran's current centralized curriculum system is not adequately preparing students for real-life challenges (Ramzaninejad, Hemtinejad, & Benar, 2003, p. 107), as numerous studies have shown (Javanmard & Pour Garhami, 2014, p. 31; Aminon et al., 2015, p. 1021; Bagheri & Rahimian, 2016, p. 259; Al-Ahmadi & Sharfi Abqa, 2015, p. 111). High school students believe the current program does not meet their needs (Haj Hosseini, Shabeiri, & Farajollahi, 2015, p. 2315; Sarmadi, Ghanbari, & Talebian Sharif, 2018, p. 564), indicating a disconnect between the curriculum and students' and society's needs (Perrota & Keese, 2024, p. 2). Despite this, educational documents emphasize the importance of students being active, influential, and creative individuals who take ownership of their learning (National Curriculum Document, paragraphs 12, 4-3, and 12-8; Education Reform Document, paragraph 1-16). To enhance the education system's effectiveness, it is essential to create content that resonates with students' genuine needs, promote educational equity, and ensure equal access to resources (National Curriculum Document, 2011, p. 1; Education Reform Document, 2011, p. 1). This approach fosters lifelong learning, collaborative education, and a more inclusive environment. By designing flexible frameworks that transcend traditional boundaries, education can overcome time and place constraints, enabling conscious, voluntary, and engaging lifelong learning. Given the significance of understanding students' needs, this study aims to identify these needs and determine what students should be learning. Specifically, this research will evaluate the needs of junior high school students in Mashhad.

This study employs a survey methodology, utilizing a semi-structured questionnaire to gather data. The statistical population consisted of 79,000 junior high school students in Mashhad. The sample size was calculated using the Cochran formula to be 384 students. To select the sample group, four districts of Mashhad were chosen (east District 5, north District 6, west District 4, and south District 3), and then two boys' schools and two girls' schools were selected from each district. Students were randomly selected from these schools to participate in the sample group. A researcher-made questionnaire was designed to determine the basic needs of the junior high school students. The questionnaire consisted of general, demographic, and main questions based on theoretical foundations and research objectives. To establish the reliability of the instrument, 30 junior high school students were initially selected and asked to respond to the questionnaire twice, with a one-month interval. The reliability was then calculated using the correlation between the questions, which was 0.7, indicating suitable reliability. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, one-sample chi-square test, and Friedman test were employed. 

The research findings identified the top ten needs of junior high school students as follows:Introduction to cinema and music (293 responses) Methods for recognizing and analyzing political and social issues (266) Introduction to academic fields and entrance examinations (242) Introduction to famous stories and novels (234) Curricular and extracurricular materials (216) Teaching strategies for dealing with social issues (207) Teaching the art of storytelling (191) Developing problem-solving skills (188) Introducing methods for happiness and vitality (178) Introducing applied sciences, technical, and professional skills (176) In contrast, the least important needs, as perceived by students, were:Education on citizenship rights and duties (77 responses) Moral education (74) Addressing religious questions and doubts (72) Group education and decision-making (70) When categorized, the average ratings of high school students’ needs showed that Scientific and educational materials ranked highest with an average of 5.03, while political materials ranked ninth with an average of 1.459. The remaining needs, in order of importance, were:Religious and moral content with an average of 4.10 Spiritual and psychological needs with an average of 2.76 Social and cultural needs with an average of 2.35 Economic, job, and professional skills with an average of 1.92 Recreation and entertainment with an average of 1.97 Wellness, health, and safety with an average of 1.90 Artistic and literary materials with an average of 1.18 The results of the Friedman test indicate a chi-square value of 538.247, significant at a level of less than 0.05 (p < 0.05), demonstrating differences in the importance students attribute to various types of needs (0.001 > p, 5 degrees of freedom, 538.247 = chi-square value).

The findings indicate that students prioritize scientific and educational needs, followed closely by religious and moral content. The three categories of spiritual and psychological skills, as well as social, cultural, economic, and professional needs, are also important to students. However, entertainment, literary and artistic, health, safety, and political needs are less of a concern for students. The research findings of this study are in line with the research results of Diba Vajari, Hosseinian, and Qaedi (2011), Hamidi (2005), Akbari and Sharifi (2008), and Salimi (2003). The results can be explained by considering the significant impact of media, cultural-social changes, virtual interactions, and the evolving needs, attitudes, lifestyle, and cultural consumption of students. The fluidity and change that occur every three years in the lives of junior high school students necessitate continuous audience analysis for this age group. To cater to the diverse and varied needs of these students, it is essential to address the increasing trend of social harms that affect them at a younger age and extend into adolescence. The sensitivity and importance of the adolescent period, identity issues, independence-seeking, and conflicting attractions and interests during this period make education on topics related to mental and psychological counseling, strengthening resilience and life skills, marriage, and family formation crucial. Curriculum planners and educational content producers should seriously consider these essential needs. Furthermore, given the highly politicized society and the surge of political news and events, students are naturally drawn to these subjects. Developing a suitable program for political education, scientific understanding of issues, and systematic analysis of political matters is a necessity.

The proximity of Ilam province to Iraq and the heavy traffic, the existence of mountain roads that mostly pass through villages, as well as the lack of familiarity of travelers and pilgrims with the roads of the province have caused an increase in road accidents and fatalities. The purpose of this research is to identify the accident-causing points of Ilam province, to know the factors affecting road accidents and to analyze their trends, and to identify the factors affecting deaths caused by accidents in Ilam province.

This research is cross-sectional and its variables are quantitative-qualitative. The data were obtained based on the statistical information obtained from the traffic accident system, forensic medicine organization and hospitals by accessing the road accident files of Ilam province. For data analysis, chi-square test, logistic regression and time series trend analysis were used in SPSS and Minitab software.

Age, education, lighting and road defects are among the most important factors that had a significant relationship with the rate of accidents, but two factors, the type of license and the duration of driving, had a significant effect on the rate of death due to accidents.

The main reasons for the occurrence of accident and fatalities on the roads of Ilam province are the lack of awareness and sufficient training of drivers at the stage of obtaining a license regarding the regulations and their own safety, which has created an inappropriate driving culture.

The present research has investigated the role and importance of safety and health in the workplace from the point of view of the employees of the construction camp of the army naval hospital in the city of BandarJask using the qualitative method of grounded theory. A sample of 23 people was selected in a purposeful way. The data collection method was in-depth interview and the interviews were analyzed by coding. The findings indicated that the existence of harmful environmental and organizational factors as causal conditions, if not identified, evaluated and controlled with a preventive view, will lead to the central phenomenon of "employee/ employer double damage" which activists in order to prevent the strategy HSE have benefited. This strategy is influenced by two groups of conditions: a) the prevailing environment: 1) the background variables of the employees, 2) the type of job and the location of the employees, 3) the location of the workshop and its infrastructure, 4)the climatic conditions of the region and 5) the facilities available for HSE. b) Intervening conditions: 1) natural disasters and unexpected events, 2) economic conditions, 3) socio-cultural conditions and 4) time-political conditions. Finally, the adoption of the workplace health and safety strategy leads to the mutual benefit of employees/employers, such as employee health and increased productivity, and has general beneficial consequences, such as environmental protection and sustainable economic development.

In the developed countries of the world, pedestrians and pedestrianism have the first priority in the design and related policies. For this reason, sidewalks and pedestrian lanes should be considered an environment for carefree and easy movement of people. According to the global road safety report in 2015, more than 1.2 million people are killed in road accidents in the world every year, and accidents are one of the main causes of death in the world. The purpose of this research is to investigate new solutions for securing pedestrian crossings. By reviewing the articles and methods that have been done in the past and suggested solutions such as creating light protection in pedestrian crossings, signs and traffic lights, lights that warn vehicles of pedestrian crossing, stepped pedestrian crossing crossings, creating underpass bridges. Pedestrians in crossings with a high volume of pedestrian traffic, removing the factors blocking the field of view, creating a cross lane on the route, also by examining the risk factors of traffic accidents, pedestrian accident points and the role of the police in law enforcement to investigate traffic problems and reduce casualties. have paid.

Today, urban life has taken a complex form. Many children living in cities face various threats such as violence, insecurity and pollution. They live in spaces that are strictly organized by adults and only for a certain age group; So that most of the children's needs are ignored in it. In this regard, in the present study, we evaluated the safety of a neighborhood park in one area of Shiraz city. The research method is considered to be a cross-sectional research from the point of view of practical purpose and from the aspect of nature and method. There are two types of information gathering methods library (documents) and field (survey). The research tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population of the research based on the 2015 census includes 157,624 citizens living in one district of Shiraz city. Based on Cochran's formula, the statistical sample for the statistical population at the individual level was calculated as 384 people. To analyze the research after the necessary collection, the collected raw data has been entered into SPSS software. The results of the research show that among the four indicators, only the indicators of the type of equipment of children's playgrounds have been evaluated. In other words, the index of the type of equipment of children's play spaces has an average status in region one. Also, the design indicators of children's play spaces, the physical indicators of children's play spaces, and the social indicators of children's play spaces have been evaluated as weak and slightly optimistic.

Background and Aim : 

Considering the severity of accidents in snowy and icy weather conditions, and the high occurrence of accidents leading to death in Qazvin province, the purpose of this article is to find and prioritize the causes that lead to the creation of all the causes of road accidents leading to death in the conditions of snow and ice in Qazvin province.

Two methods have been used at the same time, the first is the method of documentary studies: traffic police reports in accidents that occurred in one of the climatic conditions of frost, snow and blizzard, 2012-2020 years, and the method of content analysis with tools Interviews of accident experts and drivers were used, and finally, a group of 14 senior accident experts were selected as an expert panel and participated in the 6-step process of structural-interpretive modeling.

The findings showed that low horizontal visibility, slippery road, strong wind, severe cold, light reflection, high speed, fatigue and sleepiness, eating and drinking, anger and stress, use of mobile phones, non-compliance with regulations, driving in special conditions, road safety, consumption of drugs, alcoholic beverages and sleeping pills, lack of driving skills, were the most 5 main important causes of road accidents: failure to pay attention to the front, failure to observe longitudinal and lateral distance, violation of safe speed, Deviation and encroachment to the left are a violation of Article 4th . Also, the structural-interpretive modeling showed that these causes are related to each other at 3rd    level of independence, that the two causes of 3rd level extreme cold and eating and drinking have directly affected other cases, and the 4th causes of using mobile phones, anger and stress, slippage and horizontal vision Low, they are effective on the 6 factors of level.

Most of the causes originate from human mistakes; Also, in the conditions of snow and frost, the environmental factor has been assigned the second rank, which includes the meaning of weather conditions, road conditions and safety; Therefore, the main causes of road accidents leading to death in snow and ice conditions in Qazvin province are human and environmental factors, and each of the 12 causes can cause road accidents both specifically and in connection with other causes.

Motorcyclists due to lack of protection at the scene of the crash and also being less exposed in the eyesight of other vehicles are more vulnerable for sever crashes. The main purpose of this study, is to identify the factors affecting the severity of motorcycle crashes.

Neural network, random forest and statistical analysis (comparison of the average severity of accidents in variables) have been used in this paper. To conduct this research, two series of data (accident data and behavioral data collected from motorcyclists in Tehran based on field interview) have been used.

The severity of crashes increases with the rise of the frequency of speeding, passing red lights, using mobile phones, performing dangerous movements, not usign helmet and crossing the pedestrain pathway. However, with the increase in the health status of motorcyclists and the technical appearance of the motorcycle the severity of accidents will decrease. Among the districts of Tehran, district 6 had the highest frequency of crahses. Neural network model, is able to predict fatalities, injuries and propoerty damage crashes with 24, 76 and 51 percent accuracy. Furthermore, in the random forest model, the accuracy of predicting fatal, injury and property damage crashes are 53, 69 and 32 percent.

It indicate that the traffic violations of the motorcyclists are the main reasons for crash severities. Thus, it is necessary to have an overlook about performing more restrict traffic fines for this group. In addition, becasuse of the importance of the individual health condition and technical appearance of the motorcycle it is necessary to determine rules for controling them with issuing cycling licence and other intervals after that. Finally, the high rate of motorcycle crashes in the district of 6 in Tehran can be related to high capacity rate of transit  in the zone.

Accidents are one of the adverse outcomes in the flow of traffic and cause a lot of financial and human losses. There is a clear relationship between the condition of the pavement and the types of accidents. In addition, the characteristics of pavement failure are among the important and influential parameters for the type of reaction and behavior of drivers. The goal of this study is to determine which pavement’s failures have the greatest impact on drivers' abnormal behavioral patterns when confronted with them in order to identify the most effective pavement’s failure in drivers' abnormal behavioral patterns to prevent the occurrence of this type of accident. In this paper, the effect of parameters such as vehicle speed on failure, In this paper, the effect of parameters such as vehicle speed during failure, transport volume and failure intensity on the type of driver response when faced with failure was investigated.

This paper analyzes the reactions of drivers on the Sari suburban road axis on a case-by-case system based. The decision tree method was used to determine the type of reaction of the driver by considering the effective factors (speed, failure, traffic volume). Consequently, based on the algorithm for the categorization and regression tree, the decision tree is created.

The speed variable was the most effective parameter for the driver response rate and the target variable followed by the moving traffic and the severity of the road damage, respectively, are the next influential variables.

The results of the Sari-Ghaemshahr axis model show that, within a speed range of 57.5 km/h to 62.5 km/h, if the asphalt pavement failure index is less than 2.5, 83.3 percent of the reactions are of the third type, which are the most common. In that same range, the most serious reactions occur. Even so, if the index of pavement failure in this case is more than 2.5, the reactions are not as severe and have a lower percentage.

Groups and diffrent culture together and specially in old shap typisall social coflict with to gether and with dominat small culture that cause for mation conflict culture in old shape town. Basic goal article  analysisrole  new and old shape in attitude's youth perverse small culture in asaloye city with regard future for year 2025 the methoel of consider .research consider with we from the  method  of surveying and by way of tod ouestionnaire, statistic society of studying youth is between 15 to asaloye city numbers 300 persons youth select from statistic society for sample systematic random for studying .use from important for mmal for justifiability and alfa for stability research and use method of statistics prison's correlation and com parison factor of averages for testing theory rgrsiuon,s technique measurement of research. Result result research relation of meaning between four diverse groups. There is family's diverses, friend ship groups, and personal causes in habitable specialties with attitude perverse small culture. It theory atleast in 45./.level meaning and accept .t-test show that seven diffrent suchas dependence of local in habi t ancy, sexuality, years of in habitansy, number of family intimacy between member of family, dis connection of family and rate connection with neighbors meaning from statistic and it different had import familiarity rate and intrant  rgrsiuon,s and intotal and success to comment 0/62 from variyans.

The present article is a research article on the causes and factors of road accident hotspots as well as the factors affecting the reduction of road accidents. The purpose of this study is to investigate accident hotspots in road accidents, reduce the number of accidents due to accident hotspots, create safety and security of road traffic, reduce the costs of accidents on the country's economy, reduce road traffic, investigate the causes of accidents and road accidents and Its effect is on suburban transportation. From the point of view of  road and regional transportation planning, in this article, a descriptive- applied analytical method is used. According to the obtained statistics and inferred analyzes, it can be said: "The human factor is one of the most important factors in the occurrence of accidents and suburban accidents, which fatigue and drowsiness are the most important cases." In today's society, one of the important components of the national economy for any country is the issue of "transportation", which will have a great impact on the process of economic growth. It must be acknowledged that "without the transport network, facilities and ancillary equipment and the desired fleet,  the idea of general growth and development of the country seems impossible." Despite the expansion of suburban fleet systems in developing countries, today we see little action to prevent road accidents. Due to the high rate of road accidents in these countries, there are not enough resources to save the lives of the injured and help people with permanent disabilities caused by traffic accidents.

Our country is introduced as one of the countries with the highest number of accidents and deaths due to traffic accidents. Due to the high number of road accidents in North Khorasan province, this study was conducted to investigate the frequency of  road accidents leading to death and the factors affecting it. This cross-sectional study was conducted based on the information of road accidents that resulted in the death of the entire province from 2016 to 2018, which was registered in six  traffic police stations in the province. The results of the studies showed that about 40% (202 cases) of accidents occurred in the form of overturning and falls, which had the highest value, and then the collision of two vehicles with each other (31%) had the highest number of accidents. The most human factor in the occurrence of accidentsin the province is related to the factor of not paying attention to the front with 160 accidents (31.6%) in which the use of mobile phones has  the most  role. One of the important results of the research was that most of the accidents occurred on non-separate two-way routes (65.7%). In road accidents in North Khorasan province, the most type of vehicle involved in accidents was related to Pride with 189 cases, and the role of motorcycles and pedestrians as a party to the accident was also colorful. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that the rate of overturning accidents in the province is very high and a very high percentage of road accidents in the province have occurred due to human factors.

Improving operational efficiency and safety on freeway segments has long been recognized as a priority in traffic communities. The variable speed limit (VSL) has received increasing attention and is recognized as one of the most promising tools to manage traffic flows in freeway. Because of its ability to properly respond to real-time traffic fluctuations, VSL control has shown that it can replace conventional static speed limit strategies. The VSL was initially designed to reduce speed differences and harmonize traffic flow on hazardous freeway segments, to lower rear-end collision rates, and to improve traffic safety.

This study used data collected from Qom-Tehran freeway for its case study, according to the driver behavioral parameters in Iran to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed VSL control system by AIMSUN.

Considering the speed of 70 km/h as the maximum speed at kilometre 5 by the VSL, due to blockage in the upstream, there is a 4-hour reduction in vehicles total travel time over the modeling period. In other words, based on the simulation results (single VSL), the Delay, Stop, Travel time and Pollutant Production Respectively was fell by 3.5%, 19%, 1.5% and 1.5%.

Using VSL system in accident prone routes has positive effects on the indicators of Latency, Travel time, Stops and Pollutant emissions. As increasing productivity is important in all systems, it can be seen that the using this system in accident prone routes is very important to increase safety and improve the route performance due to reducing Travel time, Fuel consumption, Secondary accidents and Pollutant emissions.

Road accidents are one of the most important causes of death in the world,especially in Iran. . Annually, many people in the world are killed and injuredas a result of accidents caused by human error on the suburban roads. Giventhe increasing population growth and the increase in road accidents in thecountry, finding the most effective accident factors can lead to a reduction indamages and casualties resulting from these accidents and a proper basis forroads accident management practices. Therefore, the purpose of this study wasto identify the factors affecting the incidence of accidents resulting humanerror leading to injury or death, as well as to present a model for predictingaccidents due to the impact of human error in suburban roads of Hamadanprovince during 2012-2017. To collect the data, the data collected were usedusing the accidents unprepared form. From 1345 accidents registered in thecase study, 940 accidents were selected in the incident parts, out of which 610accidents due to carelessness in 97 plots were selected for use in the model. Inthe modeling process, were used accident data, traffic and geometry of theincident parts of the case study that the geometrical data of the identifiedincident parts were collected as field and using two-frequency GPS. Findingsshowed that Poisson model is the best model in terms of accident predictionand ability to present formula. Five factors were effective in this model that theindicator factor of proximity to population centers with the coefficient of1/13081 had the most effect in car accidents caused by carelessness and factorssuch as slope and curvature composition, crash hour traffic, segmentationlength and slope are next hierarchy. The results of this study can be a properbasis for management disaster management practices caused by human error.Also the factors affecting accidents, will be used as a suitable tool at themiddle level of road safety management.

Urban security is among the most important factors influencing citizens’ life quality. Children compared with anyother groups in society need more attention, because children are to run our society in future. The more successful the mayor is in designing a suitable urban space for children, the more children will be able to enjoy life and vitality, which can play a significant role in the children’s mental and social health and in the second stage of the whole society. The present article examines the influence of urban space onchildren’s sense of security and social security in the central part of Tehran(zones 11-12). The research is of descriptive-analytical type and questionnaire was used fordata collection. The statistical population was400 parents havingchildrenand living in the zones 11 and 12 of Tehran. They were selected from among residents of the zonesandwere interviewed using multi-stage cluster sampling. Majorfindings of the study show that the mean indicators affecting children’s safety were 2.73 and the indicators affecting children's sense of security in urban spaces were 2.73. Accordingly, it can be argued that childrensafety and security indicators in urban spaces are not in desirable conditions. The findings of the regression test also showed that the quality of flooring, the design of rides and sidewalks, the level ofdrivers’attention while driving, unprotected spaces, lighting and the creation of bright and activespotsin urban spaces, and creating visual care altogether have a significant impact on children’s safety and security in urban spaces.

The study of pedestrian safety rules and regulations among Iran and model countries, in addition to assisting to identify potential weak points in Iranian safety rules and regulations towards vulnerable road users, especially pedestrians, can make a guideline to take effective precautions for pedestrian safety rules and regulations improvement in our dear Iran. In this research which is based on present references in Iranian libraries and translation of existing rules and regulations in official websites and systems of the model countries, including USA, Ireland republic, Australia, Britain and Canada, has been strived to identify, not only highway codes, but also rules and regulations, including key risks to pedestrians safety and adopted national strategies among above-mentioned countries, and suggest some guidelines for improving safety level of pedestrians in our country. Meanwhile, the main target of the essay entitled: "reviewing and identifying rules and regulations of pedestrian's safety among model countries, and deterrence and effectiveness of such rules and regulations, and comparing them with relevant paragraphs to Iranian traffic rules and regulations in order to utilize and update them". Comparing pedestrians rules and regulations and fatalities data among Iran and model countries represents that despite of 44.7% reduction in pedestrians fatalities in comparison with the initial year and relatively deterrent laws enforcement towards pedestrians safety and other road users in the 10 years period of the research, Iran still has assigned the most pedestrian fatalities average out of the total ones that represents improper status of pedestrian fatalities ratio out of total traffic deaths in our country that demands more efforts of road safety stakeholders.

Regarding the annual accident statistics, it becomes evident that the amount of deadly accidents decreased steadily throughout the last decades, whereas the amount of accidents itself remained fairly constant. Therefore one can draw the conclusion that the improvement of passive safety systems is the crucial, impact-inhibiting factor. Hence the next step should take us to the contemplation on how we can eliminate the occurrence of accidents. Taking the psychology into account may be one possible approach on this subject. The content of the thesis, which is the foundation of this abstract, is a capacious, international literature research. More than 450 sources have been analysed, containing the scientific fields of road design, behavioural psychology, gestalt psychology, ergonomics and the evolution of the technical codes. First and foremost, it is necessary to understand the concept of decision-making during a driving-task. The idea of a conscious and rational decision-making while driving is merely wishful thinking and has nothing to do with the actual processes. As a consequence, the road space should be designed according to the expectation the driver has about the forthcoming characteristics. In order to describe gestalt-psychological weaknesses of spatial road alignments, the driver’s perspectival view was analysed and divided into several key points and key directions, whose arrangement allow conclusions on how the imperfections emerge and how they influence the driver’s evaluation of the road space ahead.

Street, as the most important public area of the city, has a significant role in the physical activity and mobility of citizens by creating a safe environment, hence affects their health. In this regard, an attempt has been made to identify the most important safety and security indicators by examining the literature on the healthy streets, and how they affect the health of urban streets. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic and the required data are collected through library resources and field studies, and the analyses of the research data have been conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics. According to the latest census, the sample size is set as 384 individuals using the Cochran formula. According to the values obtained from the Pearson correlation coefficient with a significant level less than 0.05, there is a significant and positive correlation between lighting indices, pedestrian and people on vehicle interfaces, cozy and distant spaces, plants and stationary and mobile barriers, and the health of studied axis. An analysis of street users' perception of street health has shown a low safety and security level in Nader Street. Also, the level of perception of users of the street from safety and security problems detected in Nader Street indicates the significance of the problems from the viewpoint of the people. The level of physical activity and mobility of the residents and the overall health level of Nader Street were lower than the average.

This research was done in aims of evaluating the vitality and safety on different textures and neighborhoods of Kian Shahr, Western Kianpars, Farhang Shar, Shahrak Daneshgah, Southern Campolo, and Khashayar in Ahvaz city. In order to achieve the said goal, we used the SPSS software for evaluating the collected data. Also, for weighting the indicators we used ANTROPY model, and the VIKOR model for analyzing the data. Eventually, the scale of vitality in the named neighborhoods was specified and defined. That showed Kianpars with the VIKOR amount of zero (0) has the highest rate in comparison to other areas. This happens while Kianshahr neighborhood with the VIKOR amount of 1 in both aspects of the research has the least rate among the studied areas.