structural analysis

AbstractUndoubtedly, in the third millennium, urban poverty has become a prominent social issue and has attracted attention. One of the most obvious manifestations of urban poverty in developing countries is the formation and rapid growth of slums around metropolitan cities. Unbalanced physical growth and development of cities is one of the characteristics of cities and urbanization in developing countries, and one of its consequences is the expansion of marginalized areas around big cities with unbridled growth and ever-increasing poverty. The research method in terms of practical purpose and in terms of a combination of documentary and survey methods and in terms of nature based on the future approach of analytical and exploratory research and for the analysis of the variables, MikMak software was used. Analysis of information and evaluation based on the approach of future research, which is the output of primary studies in the field of developing scenarios in the next stages and developing strategies, planning and policy making to reach the desired scenario. The results of the studies show that in the first stage, 48 indicators have been identified in 8 areas in the suburbs of the city. What can be inferred from the distribution of the variables affecting the future situation of the suburbs of Ahvaz metropolis is that the system has relative stability, from five categories can be identified. As a result of the matrix analysis and the evaluation of the impact plan and the effectiveness of key factors with direct and indirect methods, 12 key factors have been identified among the key factors of housing policies with a score of 330, the most effective factor in improving the future situation of the peripheral areas of Ahvaz metropolis in the horizon of the May 1415 plan.

Women's entrepreneurship, in addition to helping the economic development of a country can also lead to further growth and prosperity of this huge segment of society. So, this study aims to investigate the personality traits affecting women's entrepreneurship with respect to the moderating role of education level. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study is 344 girls and women entrepreneurs of Khuzestan province who were selected by non-random sampling available method. Data were collected using the Entrepreneurial Personality Traits Questionnaire of Kordnaeij & et. al., (2007) and McKerry and Custa (2004), and the Zamptakis and Mustakis (2007), Entrepreneurial Behavior Questionnaire and data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling and smart-PLS3 software. According to the research findings, the characteristics of responsibility (=β 0.18(, risk-taking (=β 0.10(, need for achievement (=β 0.14(, challenging works & goals (=β 0.08(, open-mindedness (=β 0.12(, extraversion (=β 0.12(, and kinship (=β 0.16( have a positive and significant effect on women's entrepreneurship. Among these personality traits, responsibility and kinship had the most impact, and challenging and risk-taking had the least impact on women entrepreneurs. The results also showed that the level of education moderates the effect of risk-taking, success, challenging and open-mindedness on entrepreneurship, but does not have a moderating effect on the characteristics of responsibility, extraversion and kinship. The results show that women's entrepreneurship is significantly affected by their individual and personality characteristics. Women's education level can also enhance this impact.

Iranians have tried to increase water usage by utilizing structures such as water reservoirs. The province of South Khorasan has also accommodated numerous water reservoirs within its boundaries due to the region's water scarcity, playing a significant role in the people's water usage. In the cities of South Khorasan and the city of Birjand, the value of water was more pronounced due to the mentioned characteristics. The architecture style of water reservoirs in this region is influenced by local architecture. Therefore, in the old fabric of the city and in various neighborhoods, we can observe water reservoirs that date back to the Qajar period. Preserving these structures as a cultural and national capital holds a special place in Iranian art, expressing the culture and beliefs of the people. The present study is fundamental in nature and analytically historical in terms of methodology, focusing on gathering data through both field and library research methods. The main issue of the research is to understand the various styles of construction and forms of water reservoirs in the city of Birjand, including the construction process and knowledge of indigenous materials and techniques used in building these reservoirs. The construction techniques and architectural style of water reservoirs hold specific credibility, thus the study further examines various styles, tank shapes, types of domes, stairways, outlets, covering decorations, and materials (brick, stone, lime, saruj).

Clothing is an important topic in social studies, but structural approaches have received little attention due to a lack of frameworks for formulating meanings of clothes. The purpose of this study was to pore over on the linguistic effects of clothes. The main question is, to what extent can the meaning of clothes be explained within the framework of a linguistic system? For this purpose, the structural analysis method of Ferdinand de Saussure was used. Results showed this method can recognize elements and relations of the clothing system but not explain historical trends. The clothing system is governed by the logic of signifier and signified and is an arena of contentious semiotics. Discussing the origins and implications of signs requires case studies of synchrony and diachrony of clothes. Regardless of history, studying clothing is inconclusive; it is both a system and history. Confrontation between dress rules and individual dressing represents social dynamics. Clothing has linguistic logic with codes but no vocabulary or grammar to convey alphabetical messages. The structure of clothing in society has extensive intertextual relations and cannot be considered a true language, only a pseudo-language.

Change, transformation and modification from one side and stability, recession and stagnation from the other side are like two heads of growth, and evolution, decadence and retardation of political societies and systems can be monitored and evaluated and the crossing societies are at the distance of the two heads of transformation and stagnation in a way that various social  values, contexts and norms of a society face serious challenges whose adaptation and compliance depend on the passing of time and tha rate of internalizing the society.In these societies, various social, cultural, political and economic polarizations are primarily imaginable. Therefore; one of the most important measures of a state’s policy makers and governers should be paying attention to threats resulting from polarity in the future. Polarity is a phenomenon that is formed and grow gradually, but when it reaches the maturity stage, it will cause issues and challenges and in case of inattention to these challenges and lack of preparation against these produced threats resulting from it, the stage is set to convert the challenge to damage and along with it, to cause failure for the country.This article attempts to identify factors affecting polarity using  structural-analytical approach and utilizing MicMac and Mactor software including analysis of effective players in the future of polarity in the country, and effective strategies are presented to achieve an optimal future of the Islamic Republic of Iran and threats resulting from predinting the future of polarity in our country are identified and the necessary strategies to prevent and counter negative signs of these threats are also presented.

Understanding the causes and determinants of development and underdevelopment has emerged as a crucial focus within the realm of social and economic studies over the past five decades. Regional development, as a fundamental requirement for progress, encompasses diverse dimensions aimed at achieving regional equilibrium, reducing infrastructural disparities, and addressing structural and territorial gaps. This developmental model not only exhibits exceptional efficiency in terms of resource management and harnessing regional potential, but also strives to narrow or eradicate disparities within and between regions through the spatial organization of socio-economic and structural activities, capitalizing on local capacities unique to each region. This particular study seeks to conduct a comprehensive structural analysis of the drivers influencing regional development in the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Employing an applied theoretical framework, the research employs a descriptive-analytical survey approach. Data and information were gathered through an extensive examination of relevant academically-sound sources alongside field observations, including interviews and questionnaires. Quantitative analysis, employing cross-impact analysis and Micmac software, was employed to analyze the collected data. Twenty key factors were thus extracted and identified as crucial drivers influencing regional development in the province of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari.

Land use planning plays a crucial role in urban planning by addressing urban needs, tackling land scarcity challenges, and determining the physical growth of cities. Urban redevelopment, specifically the revitalization of vacant and abandoned lands, serves as an effective strategy to optimize land utilization, mitigate pollution, and enhance the socioeconomic urban environment. In this study, a foresight approach is adopted, employing descriptive-analytical methods to conduct a structural analysis of the factors involved in infill development in the Bronsi barracks brownfields located in Mashhad. Data collection was conducted through secondary research and surveys, with a statistical sample comprising eight purposively selected urban experts. A total of 15 variables associated with sustainable brownfield planning were identified, encompassing physical-spatial, socioeconomic, managerial-institutional, and environmental aspects. These variables were further classified into five groups: influential, double-faceted, susceptible, independent, and regulatory. To evaluate the relationships among the variables, the Micmac software was utilized, and subsequent scenarios including probable and favorable outcomes were determined. The analysis highlighted the priority of three key factors in inactive lands: land price, accessibility to services and facilities, and the number of land uses. These findings are of great significance and should be taken into consideration by urban decision-makers not only in the studied sites but also in similar areas.

Iranian paintings are illustrated mainly in accordance with Persian literature. The present study examines the thematic, formal, and structural drawings of the illustrated version of Jami's Selselatozzehab. This copy, which has 14 drawings, is currently kept in the treasury of Golestan Palace and is one of the lesser-known copies of the Safavid period, of which no exact information is available except in some sources.This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the illustrated version of Jami's Selselatozzehab by introducing narrative and visual features as well as examining the structure of the design and composition of the drawings. The data of this research have been collected in a library method and have been compiled from a qualitative perspective and in a descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population is all illustrations of the illustrated version of Jami's Selselatozzehab. The results of the analysis show that this illustrated version, which is based on Jami poems and with the philosophical and moral teachings of Masnavi of the Golden Dynasty, as illustrated in the Safavid period around 977 AH, the result of the Mashhad school of painting during the reign of Ibrahim Mirza, ruler of Mashhad. And the content and sources of the narrations, the date of illustration, and the structure of its drawings are all proofs of attribution. This illustrated version has a relative adaptation of the text and images of the drawings, and the involvement of the painter in the development of the anecdotes of the Jami Dynasty has led to a rich narrative and visual richness. The drawings have different focal points, different areas, and open and diffuse structures, which has led to the dynamics of the design.

Structural Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Future of the IRIBNews Agency in the 5year HorizonAbstractThe rate of change and the growthof new platforms and digital tools have complicated the news industry,intensifying competition between news organizations.Today,we are witnessing a media war, and the IRIB News Agency is in serious competition with the hostile and Western-affiliated media. Therefore,the purpose of the present study was to analyze the factors affecting the future of the IRIB News Agency in the5year Horizon to have a framework for thinking about the future and with it,take precautionary measures.In this study,in the first stage, the factors affecting the future of the IRIB News Agency over a 5year horizon were identified and then refined. Finally,21factors were finalized and approved by experts, including managers, editors,and veteran news editors of News of the Political Deputy and the IRIB News Agency,selected by purposivesampling method and based on the theoretical saturation rule,19interviews were sufficient.Experts also rated the factors in workshops in terms of effectiveness and susceptibility,and these scores were recorded and analyzed in the interaction matrix in MICMAC software.The results showed that the professional management of the IRIBNews Agency is one of the factors that have high effectiveness and low susceptibility and can affect the dependent factors that have a higher susceptibility.Among the most critical factors affecting the future of the IRIB News Agency are political trust and influentialpresence in cyberspace,which are among the biform factors that have high effectiveness and high susceptibility.Keywords:Structural Analysis,IRIBNews Agency,Interactions,Future Studies.

Books are the largest cultural arena in Iran and an important part of Iran's cultural future is consequence of the future of books. The purpose of this study is to identify the drivers that affect the future of books in Iran. This future study is based on the Structural Analysis model by Micmac method and in four stages: "Identifying environmental variables using the PESTEL model and the layered approach", "Determining key variables by Delphi experts", "Assessing the cross impact of key variables by the Micmac method" and "Analyzing the general environment of the system and determining the drivers” have been done.The findings of this study show “The degree of government intervention in the book section", "Promoting the culture of reading non-textbooks", "Book quality and their adaptation to the needs and tendencies of the audience", "The role of the ministry of Education Culture of reading books and combating illiteracy, "Public library funding" and "Self-sufficiency in the internal chain of paper production" are the most effective future drivers of books in Iran. Among these six drivers, the extent of government intervention in the field of books has the strongest direct and indirect impact on other drivers. As a result, control of these drivers can be the main cause of inertia or the main cause of the movement in the future of books in Iran.

Urban tourism is an important economic activity that contributes significantly to the global economy. Coastal areas have made a significant contribution to this growth by attracting hundreds of millions of tourists each year and have had a considerable impact on the flow of visitors. But concerning the coastal city of Bushehr, this city is not one of the most popular tourist destinations. Given that the most productive ecosystems on Earth that have created many opportunities for recreation and tourism are water-coastal areas, the purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the factors affecting the development of tourism in the coastal city of Bushehr with a future studies approach. Various factors were first identified in this process by reviewing the research literature and interviewing experts in future research. Then, using the structural analysis method with Mick Mac software, the main factors affecting the future of tourism in Bushehr were extracted. The study of the distribution of variables affecting the city's tourism showed the system's instability. The factors were classified into four independent, dependent, two-dimensional and influential variables. Finally, by evaluating all the identified factors, the eight critical factors of the comprehensive tourism plan, ecotourism resorts, systematic and efficient planning, rules and powers of decision-making organizations, urban branding, beach recreation, globalization of culture, and its impact on the identity of tourism and the quality of the city's beaches, were identified as key factors affecting the development of tourism in Bushehr.

A better understanding of the future challenges of social networking is obtained when the media system is examined in more depth and assess the effects of its trends. We believe that one of the ways of building a better society in this global village is through paying more attention to everyone's present sensitive and crucial role in shaping the future and familiarizing them with the most important future developments. Facing today's global challenges such as the development of social media, followed by gradual institutionalization of the virtual public sphere and local and indigenous Iranian issues like changing economic, political, and social conditions requires a look at the past and present-day globalization and a foresight for tomorrow. Therefore, neglecting the futuristic view of communication developments and its effects on a developing country like Iran has slowed down pioneering the building of the future of the society and as a result of short-term instead of long-term planning, a different future may be formed instead of promoting knowledge of the future. Consequently, a legal vacuum (non-implementation of the law) may occur instead of legal synchronicity based on the future. Accordingly, the present study sought to address the question of what social challenges Iran may face based on the future of virtual social networks.

The current study was based on an exploratory research and a combined (quantitative and qualitative) approach in terms of implementation. The method of the present research was generally based on the Popper model. In the data analysis stage, the results were provided by using the structural analysis of interaction effects and using SPSS and Micmac software.

The findings revealed a separation of stable and unstable problems in the society. The dispersion type of Iran's social problems in the face of the future of cyberspace showed the future of Iranian society involved in an unstable and complex system of social issues affected by the future of cyberspace.Also, the study conducted based on the division of issues into strategic and less strategic problems demonstrated that such issues as pervasiveness of free relations between men and women, emergence of new relationships between sexes, disrespect of privacy, emergence of modern youth, changing the levels of crimes from allies and streets to the cyberspace, and emergence of digital identity were the most important strategic issues in the face of the future of cyberspace, thus making social and cultural policies a priority.On the other hand, analysis of the results overlapped some negative functions of cyberspace evolution provided by Trend One Research Center and displayed the importance of paying attention to this issue in the face of the possible future. In this case, the mentioned research center listed the negative consequences of the future evolution of cyberspace as an extension of the society. The first avatar marriage with a human being, and the first divorce due to having virtual affairs with the characters in computer games were among the possible consequences provided by the Trend One research center. Addiction to online games as a national issue (Arjmandi and Salavatian, 2015:5), in which the most important consequence affecting national and local identities and moving diverse identities towards a single global identity occurred in the cyberspace was another issue raised by this research center. One of the leading challenges based on the future research of social issues resulting from the future developments of virtual social networks was the "emergence of cosmopolitan identity" caused by the failure of identity boundaries. Cyberspace is an open and free space beyond any cultural, social, and even family constraints. Users and audiences can create an identity for themselves in accordance with their ideas and fantasies, regardless of the real world constraints. Uploading photos, videos, and any personal contents in the cyberspace is a kind of liberation from the real-world algebra, while making an identity. Therefore, these networks provide a platform to break the boundaries of identity and make integration of societies into one identity. However, since the presence and use of Iranian society in the future developments of virtual social networks was slower than those of the West, our society was the destination of this change. Therefore, before we Iranians entered the network, the sphere and field of action fell in the protected area of ​​the West. Hence, the necessary social preparation had to be provided to deal with this challenge. This was confirmed by a statement by David Ratkaff, a former Deputy Secretary of Commerce of the Clinton Administration, who examined the elites that were building this global power in his book entitled The Superclass. In one part of his book, he evaluated the issue of globalization in the following way (Ratkaf, 2016:34-35) : "For many, globalization has meant and continues to mean Westernization, and even worse, it has the concept of Americanization at its core, which is somehow linked to Zionism and the ancient Jewish threat. It is the collapse of cultural boundaries and barriers, and on the one hand, for some, it is reminiscent of the spread of Islam. For others, such as Dobbs and Buchanan, the concept of Latinization of the United States and decline of "Anglo-Saxon" identity has prevailed. In this view, national identities have besieged. Still, for a number of others in the world, the policies of the World Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization to protect the interests of the rich and evoke the second wave of imperialism have been directed towards a new corporate-led colonialism, in which the Internet has transformed the materialist capitalism."

A combination of several national and international factors in different fields affect the content quality of cyber space. In this paper, the structure of environment and factors affecting the future of content quality in Iran’s 2025 Vision are analyzed within the framework of the French school’s strategic foresight (La Perspective), and, by using MICMAC software. For this purpose, interactions between 51 variables in seven groups (economic, political, social, technological, legal, environmental and internal key forces), which were gained through diligent search in the environment, were identified. The assessment of interaction between each couple of variables was converted from qualitative analysis to a quantitative figure and ultimately a matrix of interactions was attained. Structural analysis was carried out with the help of software in three parts: Direct relations, indirect relations and latent relations. The results show that the most important factors affecting the content quality are as follows: Users’ facilities (reinforcing variable), contradictory pictures of the desirable future (risk variable), free circulation of content in the cyberspace (target variable), Iran’s relation with the world’s hegemonic system (environmental variable), the future communication networks, and Convergent Technologies (NBIC - nano-bio-info-cogno provinces of science and technology) (highly effective latent variables). Also, 16 factors were identified as influential variables.

By definition, criticism is the task of examining the validity of a work of art or literature. Like other disciplines, it is based on specific rules and regulations. Once a work is criticized, its strengths and weakneses are revealed. In this regard, ‘Azf Ala Vatar el-Nas ol-Sheri’ (Playing the Strings of Poetry) by Omar Mohammad al-Talib is evaluated as a book that seeks to grasp the content through the text analysis. The analysis is conducted by sticking to various aspects of literary criticism and avoiding theoretical subjects. The present study aims to evaluate the book for its strengths and weak points in an objective and unbiased manner. The research method is descriptive for the structure and descriptive-analytical for the content of the book. As the results of the content analysis indicate, the author’s goal is successfully fulfilled. In structural terms, however, the book is beset with certain shortcomings, which the author and the publisher are advised to mend.

This paper aims to introduce some performative rituals in Iran and classify their types and symbolic acts, leading to the analysis of the common and shared structure of these rituals and their relationship with winter festivals and rituals common in Indo-European culture. Accordingly, Wooden Horse and Koseh Barneshin rituals, as a ritual with most shared features among Indo-European tribes is the main theme of this article. The questions this paper follows to answer are: what shared structure do the similarities of these rituals represent, and how is the comprehension of meaning, the function of parts and the symbolic elements of this structure possible?
The main guide and model of this research is Dumézil’s “.Le Probléme des Centaures” and Neo-Comparative Mythology. On this base, we have tried to analyze many acts and symbolic means shared among European tribes in the shared rituals based on their ideology; specifically, their relations to the ancestors’ spirits and deteriorating powers in winter. This study focuses on many common features of European and Indian rituals and festivals in the beginning and end of Winter. Actually, the goal of this paper is not just showing the relationship between many Iranian rituals with Indian and European tribes, it is but also an attempt to classify Iranian rituals based on shared structures in Indo-European culture and also understanding their meaning

Referring to the research literature on the relationship between suburbanization and crime shows an association between them. However, the question remains that why some suburban areas suffer a higher rate of crime? The purpose of this paper is to answer this question from the review of two suburban areas of Mashhad, Khaje Rabi (with high crime rates) and Golshahr (with lower crime rates).
This research was first used structural analysis method to compare the two regions of Golshahr and Khwaja Rabih in Mashhad. Then, using the qualitative method and the method of case study, investigated the causes of the lower crime rate in the Golshahr region.
Findings and The findings of the structural analysis of the two regions indicate that social disorganization cannot be accountable for the difference in the level of crime in the two regions. Also, the results of the qualitative method showed that the most important reason for the reduction of crime in Golshahr relative to Khoja Rabieh is the high number of Afghans in Golshahr. According to the research findings, the combination of internal control strategies, rational selection and external control can be the most effective in reducing crime rates.

The book “the History of Arabic Literature in Hadith Era” written by Nader Nizam Tehrani is about the history of Arab contemporary literature. In this book, by considering contemporary literary events and movements and also pointing to the poets of the era, the author tries to present an overall picture of Arab literary life. The study of the book shows that like other written works, this book cannot be considered the best of its kind and has some deficiencies which should be resolved in the next editions. In this article, by considering different dimensions of the work, taking an impartial approach and applying logical principles necessary for a scientific critique, the author tries to see to what extent the original writer (of the book) had adhered to the scientific standards of writing, and how he has used them to realize pedagogical goals. Furthermore, by evaluating the book as a pedagogical resource, the author of the article will determine to what extent it holds the features of a technical and specialized work.

Iranian popular films, as a type of national culture, are consumed vastly in Iran. Although they are neglected in common cultural studies is Iran, according to recent cultural theories, they are some cultural texts including the ideological cods that they have an important role in the construction of collective social perception. Therefore, a question that can be addressed is what the narrative and ideological structures of Iranian popular films are? In the process of interpretation of the narrative and ideological structures of Iranian popular films I use a qualitative-syntactic method. This method includes Roland Barthes’s structural analysis and John Fiske’s critical semiology. The results show that in Iranian popular Films: 1)The narrative structure is linear and in three parts, 2) crisis and social problems that based on the conflict between traditional and modern attitudes in Iran are the most important contents, 3) most of them have represented urban middle class problems, 4) narration is happen in modern urban spaces, 5) reformist modern woman is the most represented character and 6) critic of pathological aspects of traditional and modern attitudes are the best ideological material.