structural criticism

The book "Lie / Free Will" proposes to examine two key and important questions; 1) What is the phenomenon of lying and how can its functional mechanism be controlled? 2) Does man have free will to remain loyal to moral duties? In analyzing the phenomenon of lying, the author expresses his point of view from a philosophical point of view, emphasizing the consequences of an action (the badness of the result of a lie). This means that the result of a human reaction in the field of action has priority and superiority over biological neurology. What if he adopts a naturalistic (scientific-empirical) attitude in examining the phenomenon of free will: This means that he insists on the priority of biological action over the result of human reaction in the field of action. The present article, along with the detailed introduction of this book is trying to critically review the work in terms of structure, content, form, and methodology. The reviews of the present article show that the author, as a non-systematic philosopher, was able to process his main idea in a relatively coherent way; However, the results of his scientific-philosophical investigations and reflections prove that the book is caught in the trap of determinism/ontological reductionism in terms of content and method in the field of epistemological hierarchy of science. It seems that the author's integrated (philosophical/scientific/atheistic) approach carries a kind of internal logic paradox. This paradox will be analyzed in the framework of two types of criticism, structural criticism from the author's argument and out discursive criticism from the perspective of the Iranian-Islamic intellectual tradition. Among other defects of the book, we can mention its writing and editing defects.

Ancient texts such as “Kelileh and Demneh” have a great place and importance among students due to their content and educational concepts. The linguistic structure (technical prose) and the stylistic feature of “Kelileh and Demneh” are such that most audiences have difficulty communicating with this work. The purpose of the present study is to review the book “Kelileh and Demneh” Sharh Hossein Haddad by Qadyani Publications. This book, which has been described and compiled based on the correction of Minavi and Hassanzadeh Amoli, in addition to its advantages and positive components, is not without its drawbacks. In this research, by using the method of content analysis and collecting information in the form of library documents, while criticizing and reviewing the book “Kelileh and Demneh” Sharh by Hossein Haddad, a comparison with other versions of Kelileh has been carried out, and the book has been reviewed from two perspectives: form and content. The results of the research showed that there are problems and content objections (in the field of vocabulary, Arabicization, allusions, etc.) in the above-mentioned description that should be considered in the new edition. The lack of attention of the commentator to the Arabic text of “Kelileh and Demneh”, contenting himself only with the old versions of the work, not referring to important sources in the field of Arabic and Persian dictionaries, dictionary of allusions, etc. caused such problems in the book.

This research has made an effort to criticize the collection of Monshaat related to the 10th century AH written by Mirza Mohammad Sadegh Nazem Tabrizi (Sadegha-ye-Tabrizi) and to scrutinize the writer’s features, shortcomings, the importance of the manuscript, insight and method in a meaningful framework. The theme of the above version includes such concepts as royal decrees, court documents, an announcement of a victory, Monshaat and friendly correspondences from the Seljuk period to the early Safavid period that has not still been criticized and published and can in turn help to understand missing links in the political and social history of Iran and some of its neighbors. Relying on the manuscript of Tabrizi’s Monshaat and an analytical approach along with qualitative content analysis, this study indicates that the writer was influenced by the political atmosphere of the Safavid period in compiling and arranging the Monshaat. Since the Safavid’s ideal is explained to establish a national state on the basis of official religion and political boundaries, the writer has written documents that are linked to the geography which the Safavids sought to achieve in drawing their territorial model.

Patrick Baert believes that although there are many capabilities in field of philosophy of social sciences, pragmatism has not come to its proper place yet due to lack of enough attention on behalf of philosophers. He believes that pragmatism can be used properly in this field and new prospects in social sciences may be discovered by its assistance. In his Philosophy of the Social Sciences: Towards Pragmatism and due to his criticisms on social sciences and philosophy of social sciences,Baert claims that one of his purposes in the book is to develop a new approach in philosophy of social sciences employing pragmatism. This article is going to explore his claim; before discussing on the content, it has scanned all the chapters and analyzed Persian structure and translation of the book. At last and through content review and scrutiny of author’s claim it is concluded the book achievement is far from author’s assertion and his suggestions have no meaningful difference with expressions of hermeneutics, interpreters, instrumentalists and followers of critical school and Baert has innovated nothing new and commenced no novel path for social sciences.

Despite the variety of electronic resources, textbooks continue to be the main medium of language teaching. Thus, criticizing them can improve the quality of education. This paper reviews the 1st volume of the 2nd Edition of “Farsi Biamuzim”, based on a set of standards and criteria for evaluating academic textbooks. Among the five criticism axes of structure, content, language, method, and society and culture, the advantages of this work can be found in the general way of teaching the alphabet, providing innovative exercises, selecting practical topics, and designing useful topics in the content of lessons. Its disadvantages can be attributed to the structural inconsistency of the book in the instruction of letters and grammatical materials and the lack of a list of sources and a defect in its list of contents.