structure

The family, as the most important institution in human social history, has been involved in serious issues in the recent time of human social life. Meanwhile, divorce is a phenomenon that is definitely included in the definition of the country five major social problems. The aim of the current research was to qualitatively study men's and women's experience of divorce in Khorram Abad city, apply qualitative methodology and using the grounded theory method. For this purpose, 30 divorced men and women from Khorram Abad city were selected by purposeful sampling method and snowball strategy. Data has been collected using in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analyzed in three stages: open coding, central coding, and selective coding, and from this process, the following codes were extracted: ambitious rational divorce, effective rational divorce, consensual rational divorce, passive rational divorce, accelerated irrational divorce. and forced, consequences after divorce, failure and financial collapse, not having a job during divorce, social label, social isolation, social rejection, being accused, being a sexual object, changing position, emotional and sexual needs, self-recovery, promotion social management, social isolation, homogenous associations, lack of expression of divorce, its analysis and interpretation, the last solution is the reality that has emerged, these codes are the expression of various signs arising from the structure and agency of couples for divorced people. The analyzed divorce patterns have turned divorce into a complex and multidimensional issue.

The Islamic Revolution disrupted the bipolar world system and introduced a new idea of a new sovereignty that considers sovereignty to be God's. This system bases its principles and frameworks on Islamic ideology, upon which ideals, goals, programs, and policies are designed and implemented. Good governance is one of the supreme goals of the Islamic system. To achieve high governance and global civilization, Islamic society needs to provide a plan for all its actors and participants. Therefore, since more than half of the population is made up of "women", the Islamic government is required to set an example for them in its governance. This study uses a descriptive- analytical method to explain Islamic sovereignty and raised requirements. The result of this study is the Islamic governance pattern in the field of women, with an explanation of related indicators. The research findings should be followed in a systematic and interconnected manner across three systems: epistemology-philosophical, value-motivating, and structural. In fact, to achieve the model of women's governance, the three systems must operate in a specific geometry, resulting in the example of the "third model of women."

Non-governmental organizations are a manifestation of trust and unifying macro policies and popular demands, especially in providing services to the needy. However, if the strategies taken by them are not aligned with the actions of the government in this field, they may become a threat to the society and multiply the existing problems. According to the evidence, the actions of these organizations are in line with the performance of the government in England. Therefore, the article was intended to compare the aforementioned organizations from the two aspects of structure and response mechanism (with emphasis on social media) by conducting a comparative study. Non-governmental organizations in Iran and England are similar to each other in terms of structure, but regarding accountability in general and the use of social media as one of the performance accountability mechanisms, the British government has created a better and more stable interaction. . Based on the findings of the research and in line with the application of the results, several recommendations can be made regarding peer organizations in Iran: 1. In the process of policy making and policy, along with the government and government organizations, for the organization Non-governmental organizations should also give a share. 2. There should be a managed division of work between government organizations and non-governmental organizations.3. Non-governmental organizations should invest in creating technical competence for their employees to effectively use social media. Also, it should emphasize on adopting a written plan and strategy to use these media in line with better accountability.

One of the most important challenges facing governments is corruption, which includes embezzlement, fraud, rent-seeking, misuse and betrayal of the treasury. The present study, by interviewing with the eight people accused of economic corruption, seeks to investigate the most important implications that have led to economic corruption. Samples were selected with purposeful method sampling and interviewed in depth. Following the analysis of the data, the conditions and contexts leading to corruption have been extracted with the three general themes of "corrupt personalities", "unsuccessful discriminatory organizations" and "dysfunctional structures of corruption". "Negative mindset", "mindfulness", "reduction of work ethic and conscience" and "dangerous elites" have been identified as the characteristics of corrupting personalities. "Internal discrimination", "partisanship", "illegality of managers", "weak organizational structure", "incompetence", poor support and living conditions of employees "," working conditions "and" trapping "have been extracted as various dimensions of failing organizations. "Incompetent managers", "weak enforcement", "weak monitoring systems", "corrupt network relations", "bus management" and "kinship" have also been identified as dimensions of a dysfunctional corruption structure. Corruption is intertwined as a network, meaning that none of the organizational and structural levels and personality traits of perpetrators, their will and motivation alone can cause corruption, but these levels can A network structure and an aggravating or aggravating relationship become the bedrock of committing corruption.

Sustainable development aims at meeting the current and future needs and achieving a balanced social, economic and bio-environmental status. In fact, it can be considered as the digital currency of the development. Contrary to the fact that social system in Iran contains the required potential for socio-economic development, there exists a one dimentional development reflected in the form of socio-economic anomie. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study is the sociological analysis of the structure and function of socio-economic and sustainable development in Iran from 1978 to 2021. Documentary method and content analysis were used in the study considering Seyfollahi’s approach including geographic-climatic, socio-living, tribal-demographic, cultural and political-managerial elements. Moreover, in the process of conducting the research, two variables of local development and particularism were included in study. The overall results of the study indicate that ignoring the development structures would be the main reasons for the current unsustainable development in Iran. Therefore, the detailed results revealed that: 1. Unsustainable development in Iran is the result of domestic, foreign and global circumstances. 2) Petrol budgeting has led to petrol-oriented reductionism in Iran. 3) Recently, there exists a shift away from petrol-oriented reductionism to political party-oriented reductionism. It is concluded that all of the above-cited factors have played a leading role in the appearance of more serious problems and social harms including poverty, drug addiction, prostitution, anomalous fashionable suicide, inflation, academic-degree orientation, lampoonism, indiscriminate use of natural resources and environmental destruction.

Since a long time there has been the influence of the ruling class's tendencies on the works and achievements of different people in the societies,cinema as one of the individual and collective achievements has not been exempted from this rule. In the country of Iran, which experienced tremendous discourse changes with the occurrence of one of the biggest revolutions of the century,the sociological investigation of this discourse change and its effect on artistic works and productions has been worthy of attention and study. Therefore, the study of the prevailing approaches in the field of planning and determining artistic-cultural policies in the first years of the Islamic Revolution is one of the constituent elements of this article.The question is,to what extent have those involved in the production and production of a film in the country paid attention to these policies? In other words,to what extent have the discourse relations of the political system ruling the society penetrated into the country's cinematographic works,and to what extent has the success or failure of this discourse been? Therefore,by analyzing and interpreting cultural policies and their role It has been studied in the formation of works of art with the method of critical discourse analysis

This research has been carried out with the aim of investigating the structures of combating economic crimes and corruption in restoring economic security and expert views have also been provided.

The present research method is of applied and qualitative type, regarding the nature of the research. The use of the qualitative research method in this study is as a matter of fact, a response to certain research questions in orderto achieve theoretical saturation. The statistical society of this research includes managers, experts and professors and all the people who somehow specialize in the fields of economic security and combating economic corruption. In regardsto the qualitative nature of the research, no possible sampling plan has been taken into considerations, and the samples have been selected on the basis of Snow Ball method. The data gathering tool included semi-structured interviewswhich were verified by Guba, E. G., and Y. S. Lincoln authenticity 

 Findings of the research:

 The findings of the research have been shown in two theoretical parts and somewhat field part which state that providing economic security is subject to structural combat and tendency towards the Constitutionand Eight-Commandments of the Supreme Leader in combating economic corruption, especially, “ comprehensive measures taken by the tertiary Branches, particularly the Executive and Legislative Branches” and refraining from otherbureaucracies and establishing an entity to combat economic corruption and the existence of strong police system in the field of economic security.

Whether or not critical realism as an epistemological paradigm in the philosophy of science can help social sciences in the field of methodology, especially research methods. For this purpose, this text believes that Grounded Theory as a research method in interpretative theory can provide critical realism with the necessary tools for research on causality and context. Critical Realism believes that there is a real-world independent of human knowledge. This world has mechanisms that create events and phenomena. Critical Realism is a new paradigm in social science. To understand these mechanisms, realism uses retroductive strategy and abstract concepts and models. This paradigm can provide research designs that apply different research methods. The extensive design uses a quantitative method in the empirical and incidental realm, and the intensive design uses a qualitative method in the real realm combination design uses both research methodologies. Another idea is that critical realism employs certain methods such as the historical method and grounded theory. Critical realism uses grounded theory by presenting a structure/context/mechanism/event model with a short-term scope. The situational matrix of grounded theory includes causal conditions / contextual conditions and interactive strategy/ outcome. If these four elements are more or less present when studying, grounded theory can be a research method of critical realism in studies of short-term domains.

The restorative approach is one of the ways to respond to the needs of the society, which can provide trust in the organization by reducing the level of interventions while meeting the needs. In order to realize this process, the need for continuous review and revision of programs and policies is most apparent. Therefore, the main goal of the current research was to present a structural model of organizational factors effective on the implementation of restorative justice in the police. In terms of its objectives the current research is of an applied research type and descriptive-survey in terms of implementation method. The statistical population of this research is made up of specialists and prevention experts. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The obtained data was analyzed through structural equations and partial least squares method with the help of SMART PLS-2 software. The validity of the questionnaire was analyzed using divergent validity and convergent validity tests in SMART PLS software, and Cronbach's alpha test and composite reliability coefficient (CR) were used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. The value of Cronbach's alpha for each variable was higher than 0.7 and it shows the reliability of the questionnaire. To measure the validity of the questionnaire, the average variance extracted (AVE) was used, which was more than 0.4 and acceptable, and the criteria of significance coefficients Z, R_square, Q2 were used to check the fit of the structural model, and the obtained results indicate the appropriate fit of the model. The results showed that the variables of legal structures and procedures with the influence coefficient of 0.380, educational structure (0.232) and organizational culture (0.061), respectively, have the greatest impact on the implementation of restorative justice in the police. The effect of organizational structure on the implementation of restorative justice in the police was rejected.

The development plans are the axis of railing the movement of countries. These programs are considered as a prerequisite for the formation of a strong government and society paradigm. Paying attention to the basics of development programs is a necessity for the institution of science and politics. Different theories of development from different economic, political and cultural approaches have analyzed the root of development policies. The aim of this article is to achieve a theoretical model through which more attention can be paid to the dignity of the sociality of development. The method of the article is qualitative content analysis and review of various categories of development schools. The findings indicate the neglect of social dimensions as a criterion for separating development schools from each other, as well as the policies of Iran's development programs. The explained model is designed for today's conditions of Iran, focusing on the social dimension and the requirements of society's solidarity, and while paying attention to the various dimensions of the concept of development, it measures the ratio of the two dimensions of government-society with structure-activity and locates the well-known theories of development in this middle. Is. At the end, the foundations and policies of the development programs of the Islamic Republic are adapted to the model proposed in the article and are examined from the social point of view and the participation-oriented paradigm.

The current research is designed and implemented with the aim of investigating the identity conflicts and political socialization of women based on Giddens' theory of identity and Lucien Pai's political socialization. The statistical population of this research is all working women in Tehran, Kurdistan, Lorestan, Ilam, Fars, Sistan and Baluchistan, Khorasan and Central provinces. To select the samples, the combined method of multi-stage cluster sampling and simple random sampling was used. Correlation coefficients, path analysis and regression were used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that 47 percent of the studied women have experienced personal identity conflict to a great extent. Also, the findings indicate that women who have identity conflicts are more politically socialized than women who have not experienced identity conflicts. They have a different situation and the level of political socialization is higher in women who have not experienced identity conflicts. The results of multivariate regression and path analysis showed; Individual identity conflicts have the greatest effect on women's lack of political socialization. The conclusion of the article is; Women in Iranian society are in a conflict between traditional identity structures and modern demands and political agency, and in this process, a kind of political rejection has been created for them. In other words, it can be said that today's Iranian society is facing the phenomenon of "conflicting women's political life".

Criticism and study of literary works, especially those that deal with specific types of literary types and have gained a lot of acceptability among linguists, is of great value. In the meantime, reviewing and criticizing valuable works such as "Mjm'a Al'amthal" Book by Abolfazl Meydani, which was written in the early periods of compiling Arabic literature, to prevent the change, distortion, and destruction of the valuable heritage of proverbs, to collect, describe and explaining such language becomes double. In this regard, the present study intends to provide a more profound and scientific knowledge of this valuable work in structural critique and the descriptive-analytical method. Existence of a coherent plan in arranging this work and paying attention to the expertise and scientific and linguistic ability of the author in framing the internal structure, selection, description, and explanation of proverbs using Quranic evidence, poems, narrations, stories, lexical dictionaries, show the strength of the scientific and citation aspect of the book and a unique style and awareness in arranging the book following the diversity of tastes of the audience and it has justified ignorance of some shortcomings of this work. It has made it a unique work among its peers using its linguistic and cultural backgrounds in strengthening the linguistic, historical, and cultural heritage of the Arab people.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate how to combine agency and structure in Archer theory. For this purpose, first the theoretical roots of integration are proposed, then Archer's theory of molding is presented with a comparative look at Giddens' theory. Finally, to the research question "What is the process of combining action and structure in Archer's theory?" Has been answered. She has formed her integrated theory by proposing the theory of morphology versus construction. The combination of agency and structure in morphology is as follows; First: pre-existing conditions (structures) that are the basis for social action. Second: the interaction that takes place in this context to achieve certain goals. Third, the consequences of social interaction that may lead to the structural cultivation of conditions of action; In other words, structures and agents are subject to change. Eventually, these agents and altered structures become the context and conditions for subsequent actions. Keywords: morphology, structuring, combination of agency and structure, critical realism, dialectic.

The aim of the present article is to design an effective human communication model based on the Holy Quran.

The main question of the research was what is the model of effective human communication based on the Holy Quran? And what are the components of human communication based on the Holy Quran? The content analysis method was used for the answer. The field of research was all verses of the Qur'an from which topics related to human communication were extracted. Therefore, using Noor interpretation, 482 verses were identified and in the second step, 695 meaningful concepts were extracted from the translation and interpretation of these verses and categorized.

According to the content analysis method, themes related to human communication were extracted from verses which after combining and deleting common codes; 290 key themes, 54 integrating themes and five macro themes were obtained. Content validity was used and the results were evaluated by experts in Quranic sciences, which showed acceptable validity. Holist's coefficient of reliability method was used for reliability and the calculated reliability was 0.876.

Findings identified five major themes with the titles of interactive nature, liberalism in communication discourse, assertive communication action, structured speech and effective listening, and the results were compiled in the form of a network of themes, analysis and final model.

This paper attempts to extend Ladislav Kesner and Richard Elbridge's insights toward collectivist explanation in art historiography in response to Branko Mitrovic's critique in “Rage and Denials”. A counterexample situation in architectural historiography is propounded to elucidate how a collectivist explanation in a moderate realist form is not only apt but, in some cases, inevitable. It relies on our primary claim, the possibility of some non-essentialist, non-ideological, non-deterministic and non-egocentric collectivist explanations, regarding the main faults assigned to collectivist stances in art historiography by Branko Mitrovic. The Counterexample situation explains the possible actions not implemented and decisions not taken in designing a building. In addition to the choices that led to the final formulation of the artwork, one must also consider the other options available, those possible choices that were left out, to clarify feasible limitations and, conversely, the choices that led to the emergence of the work. Even considering that all final decisions merely result from chemical interactions in actors' brains, one cannot judge alternative options the same way, some of which did not even occur in the artist's mind or the network of agents involved. The repetition of dismissing these alternative options during a long-durée, thus the formation of a pattern, cannot be explained by the individualistic stance proposed by Mitrovic.

One of the most important issues of societies in recent decades has been the attention to development in various aspects, especially economic development. Different countries have adopted different and sometimes similar strategies to achieve this but have achieved different results. While the important role of economic and political policies and historical conditions as macro factors cannot be ignored, the main focus of this article is on the role of cultural factors (values at the micro level) on economic development as a macro variable. This paper argues that the cultural factors of societies (values at the micro level) are less given in explaining the factors of development. In order to test this claim, a comparative study was conducted using secondary data. wvs, 2015,1995)) ,World Values Survey Data World Bank(Foreign direct investment,2018) World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.,data is used for this purpose. The data period of this study is from 1995 to 2015 covering 109 countries. The results show that: Communities with a high degree of emphasis on the value of work in households had a higher rate of economic development over the years 1995 to 2010. The results also show the higher weight of cultural and social variables in explaining economic development than economic variables. At the same time, the relationship between the emphasis on the value of work in households and economic development has been linear. (Strength of Relationship) In order to achieve economic development in different countries according to geographical segmentation.

As an enthused group in the late Umayyad period, the Abbasids sought to mobilize their resources in the engagement with the ruling dynasty by presenting a new ideology, viz. the so-called Summon System, and undertook significant actions in enticing anti-Umayyad elements to bring them under the unified patronage promoted by the slogan “al-Riza min Al-e Muhammad.” The book “The Rise and Fall of the Abbasids (132‒324 AH): A Research into the Structure and Evolution of the Ideology, Economics and Military Institution” is an authored work by Mohammad Ahmadi Manesh, published by the SAMT Publications in 2018. The author has fittingly organized the book in the two sections of “A Historical Inquiry” (consisting of eight chapters) and “A Theoretical Inquiry” (comprising two chapters), producing a worthwhile work. The present article attempts to review the volume, pinning down and examining its strengths and shortcomings. At any rate, as a result of the lack of due care and laxity, the volume suffers somewhat from occasional shortfalls, among them being the choice of the title “The Fall and Down…,” and a series of points that are made in the Introduction but are not reflected in the text, not to mention the author’s failure to address the complexities involved in the Abbasid rule and to adopt a holistic approach to their rise to power, particularly in Khorasan.

The book, “Dissection of ISIL: Essence, Organizational Structure, Inductions and Results”,  written by Seyed Ali Nejat, tries to say anything about ISIL. This book discusses the intellectual and ideological essence of ISIL, its history and formation, its organizational structure, its inducts and tactics, its media inducts, its army and militia, its economy and finance, why this group arose and collapsed, and the chances and threats of ISIL for Iranian foreign policy and proposes for countering with this group. In this paper we will introduce and describe the book, then after formal critique, in part of the analysis of the context of the book, we will criticize the parts of the book and will say that the essential problem of this book is the absence of theory. In the eventual analysis, we propose the alternatives for the book, some proposes for the next books in this area and with this methodology. The methodology of this paper is library studying the use of electronic data.

Trauma research and detoxification, especially in the social sphere, are the most important stages of social research and public culture management. Although extensive research on pathology in the last three decades has focused on "describing" and "explaining" social injuries, little research has been done on "managing" and "controlling" social injuries and modifying social behaviors. The main issue of the present article is what scientific or practical considerations or prerequisites should be considered for trauma research and social injury reduction? In answer to this question, we have reached four considerations in the field of trauma research and three considerations in the field of detoxification through analytical methods. Paying attention to "the multifactorial nature of social injuries", "not being satisfied with internal solutions", paying attention to "pathology difficulty" as the last stage of social research And "creating public demand and social reform discourse" have been considered as four important scientific considerations in the field of trauma research and attention to "difficulty of elimination" and change of behavioral habits, attention to "gradual change of behavior" and the necessity of jihadi work and Uninterrupted and "unauthorized delay" in detoxification are discussed in this paper as three important practical considerations in detoxification.