Students

Today, one of the most important issues in societies is the concept of social inequality, the feeling of which can negatively affect people's performance and behavior.  This study aims to examine the relationship between social, economic, and cultural capital, the use of different language patterns, and the hidden curriculum of schools in creating a sense of social inequality among students. This research is based on the survey method and the statistical population of secondary high school students of two Ahvaz districts in the academic year 1402-1403. From 13320 students, 374 were selected based on Cochran's formula, and variance was calculated from the pre-test. The validity of the questionnaire and its reliability were measured using Cronbach's alpha. The research results showed that there is a difference between social capital, economic capital, cultural capital, the use of different language patterns, the hidden curriculum of schools, and the feeling of inequality. There is a significant relationship between students' social status and no significant relationship between contextual variables (age, educational level, field of study, and type of school, except for gender) and their feelings of social inequality. Structural equation modeling showed that the variables of social capital, limited language pattern, and hidden curriculum predict the feeling of social inequality with 95% confidence, and the independent variables explain 67% of the changes in the feeling of social inequality. Based on the findings of this research, the more students form social capital and the higher their culture, the more they use a wide language pattern, the better the desired quality of the hidden curriculum, and the lower their feeling of social inequality. To reduce social inequality in students, it is suggested that the educational system support students with low economic capital and improve the quality of the physical space and human capital of schools.

Academic buoyancy is crucial for students' performance and capability in university environments. This study aimed to determine the relationship between career aspirations and academic buoyancy, considering the mediating role of academic satisfaction among students at Wasit University in Iraq.

The research method was correlational, and the statistical population included all students enrolled at Wasit University, Iraq, during the spring and summer of 2024. From the mentioned population, 250 students were selected through convenience sampling and responded to three questionnaires: Career Aspirations (Danziger et al., 2008), Academic Buoyancy (Hosseinchari & Dehghanizadeh, 2012), and Academic Satisfaction (Ahmadi, 2009). The research data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling (SEM) through SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 25 software.

The results indicated that career aspirations have a significant relationship with both academic buoyancy and academic satisfaction (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). Structural equation modeling results demonstrated that academic satisfaction is a full mediating variable in the relationship between career aspirations and academic buoyancy.

Based on the findings of the present study, policymakers in Iraq's higher education system should focus on the role of career aspirations and academic satisfaction in empowering students for greater academic buoyancy.

The teachers' interactive styles can play an important role in improving the academic and non-academic status of students. Therefore, the aim of this study was structural equation modeling of teachers' interactive styles based on the social adjustment and psychological hardiness with the mediation of mental health in students.

The study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The present research population was all eighth grade female students in Kangavar city in the academic years of 2022-2023 with number of 2417 people, which based on the Krejcie and Morgan table 379 people of them were selected as a sample by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The data collection tools were included the questionnaires of teachers' interactive styles (Wubbels, 1993), social adjustment (Sinha and Singh, 1993), psychological hardiness (Kiamersi, 1997) and mental health (Goldberg and Hillier, 1979), and the data obtained from its implementation were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling methods in Amos software.

The findings of this study showed that the variables of social adjustment and psychological hardiness on the mental health and the variables of social adjustment, psychological hardiness and mental health on the teachers' interactive styles had a direct and significant effect. In addition, the variables of social adjustment and psychological hardiness with the mediation of mental health on the teachers' interactive styles had an indirect and significant effect (P<0.05).

According to the mentioned results, to improve the teachers' interactive styles, it is possible to provide the basis for improving the social adaptation, psychological hardiness and mental health of students.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the jigsaw teaching method on the academic well-being and self-confidence of high school students in geography. The research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all high school students in District 4 of Karaj in the academic year 1402-1403. To determine the sample size, first, using cluster sampling method, "Shahid Mirhabibi" Boys' High School and "Shahid Kamali Dehghan" High School in District 4 of Karaj were selected, then 30 students from these schools were selected in geography class using purposive sampling method, and randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups (experimental group: 15 students/control group: 15 students). The research tools were the academic well-being questionnaires of Peterin et al. (2014) and Rosenberg's self-confidence. For data analysis at the descriptive level, mean and standard deviation were used, and at the inferential level, univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance tests were used. The results of covariance analysis showed that the jigsaw teaching method was effective on students' academic well-being and self-confidence (p<0.01); in other words, jigsaw teaching increased students' academic well-being and self-confidence. The effect of treatment on academic well-being was 0.87 and on self-confidence was 0.88. Given the effectiveness of this teaching method, it is recommended as an educational program to improve academic problems and self-confidence of high school students in schools.

This study investigates the factors influencing the improvement of students' learning in geography in girls' high schools in Birjand city. The statistical population of this research includes students from girls' high schools in Birjand. A random sampling method was used, and 82 female students from 7 high schools were selected. Using thematic analysis, qualitative data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using MAXQDA software. The findings showed that utilizing diverse teaching methods and reducing the volume of course content can significantly enhance students' learning. Specifically, field trips and the use of conceptual maps were identified as the most effective methods. These methods help students better understand complex geographical concepts by creating practical and engaging experiences. The research also highlighted the significant role of teachers in increasing interest and improving students' learning. Employing attractive and varied teaching methods, fostering positive interactions with students, and providing real-life examples of geographical concepts can increase students' motivation and interest in geography. Ultimately, the study demonstrated that reducing the volume and content of textbooks and allocating more time to practical and participatory activities can make geography lessons more engaging and improve students' learning. Paying attention to students' perceptions of geography and striving to change this perception towards a positive and practical outlook are also important factors in enhancing learning

The intertwining of structural and agency factors provides a platform for violent actions of students in school. This research was carried out with the aim of identifying the causes of violence and the strategies to deal with it in school using qualitative and ground theory methods in the academic year of 2022-2023. The sample of this research was 36 male students with violent behaviors and aware of these behaviors in the second secondary level of Karaj city. Sampling was purposeful and with maximum variety, and interviews were conducted individually and based on semi-structured interview format, and data analysis was done through MAXQDA 20 software. Based on the findings of the research, the categories of "living in traumatic neighborhoods" and "cultural heterogeneity" were determined as Contextual conditions, "relationship with violent friends" and "individual conditions" as intervening conditions. The strategy of teenagers with violent behavior includes violence against violence, refraining from violent action and purposeful creation, which have been faced with consequences such as "financial loss", "regret" and "bad background". The central category of the research is named as "violence as a person's reaction to disturbing environmental conditions". Based on the results of this research, in addition to individual characteristics, adolescent violence is rooted in family, economic, social, cultural and environmental factors, and when students are placed in different, due to the low level of social resilience, violent acts of They show themselves.

This research examines the sociological factors affecting the religious identity of secondary school students in Kohbanan city. The method of this research Is a survey and the data collection tool are a questionnaire. The statistical population of the research Is the students of the second secondary level in the city of Kohbanan, whose number in the mentioned year is 711 people. The probability sampling method is a multi-stage cluster type. The sample size was obtained through the Cochran formula 279. SPSS revealed that there Is a relationship between the variables of gender, use of domestic and foreign media, use of virtual space, television, satellite, globalization, field of study with the degree of religious rethinking in students, and between the variables of educational background, parents' occupation, income, location There is no significant relationship between birth, housing status with the level of religious rethinking among students.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between perceived family functioning, distress tolerance, and academic self-discipline, with the mediating role of mental vitality. The research method was correlational using structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all students at Imam Khomeini International University during the 2023-2024 academic year. A total of 260 students were selected as the study sample using cluster random sampling. Research instruments included the Family Functioning Questionnaire (Epstein et al., 1980), Academic Self-discipline Questionnaire (Afrooz, 2007), Distress Tolerance Scale (Simons & Gaher, 2005), and Mental Vitality Scale (Ryan & Frederick, 1997). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling in AMOS 24 software. The findings indicated that the conceptual model had good fit indices. Examination of direct pathways showed that family functioning and distress tolerance were significantly related to academic self-discipline. Furthermore, analysis of indirect pathways revealed that mental vitality mediates the relationship between academic self-discipline and both family functioning and distress tolerance. The results suggest that students' academic self-discipline can be enhanced by improving their perceptions of family functioning, increasing their distress tolerance, and fostering their mental vitality.

The study aims to investigate the role of service quality on the sports participation of students in the universities of Arak. This is a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population included all university students in Arak (n=18,000), of whom the research sample was selected using the stratified sampling method. The research tools used for data collection consisted of the 22-item service quality questionnaire developed by Chin Liu (2008), Cronin's (2000) 4-item customer satisfaction questionnaire, and Lim (2006) 6-item Behavioral Future Intentions questionnaire (to measure willingness to engage in sports activities). Face and content validity of the questionnaires were evaluated by a panel of sports (n=12 people); construct validity was assessed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and reliability was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and diagram) and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov–Smirnov, kurtosis and skewness, one-sample T-test, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equations) were used in SPSS16 and LISREL8.8 software. Findings suggest that service quality has a direct and significant effect on satisfaction (path coefficient= 0.75) and sports participation of students (path coefficient= 0.15) and the impact of service quality on satisfaction is greater than that of sports participation (path coefficient= 0.75). Moreover, the results reveal that satisfaction plays a mediating role in the relationship between service quality and sports participation of students in university sports facilities. Therefore, given the role of service quality in student satisfaction and sports participation, university sports executives and managers should make efforts to improve service quality to gain the satisfaction of students and encourage them to use university sports facilities.

Introduction and statement of the problem:

 Dormitory culture as a subset of university culture is a very important subject, because it directly affects the personal and social life of students. Despite the importance of this issue, higher education policymakers have not paid much attention to it in our country. For many of our young people, the student dormitory is an inappropriate substitute for a safe family environment. Having support and living with the family is an important psychological, emotional and social need in all age groups. Many studies have shown that the prevalence of emotional and mental disorders in students living in dormitories is higher than in students not living in the dormitories. Being in a dormitory, in addition to being away from one's family and former relationship network, also living in it may impose problems on a person; On the other hand, there is a possibility that the dormitory environment is a source of support for a person due to the presence of peers and the scientific atmosphere that dominates it. Despite this, dormitories often focus only on physical aspects such as providing sleeping space and basic facilities without considering the social needs of students. However, many studies have shown that students are not satisfied with the physical facilities of the dormitories. Therefore, the issue of dormitory culture for female students is more sensitive than for male students, and due to having more restrictions, it seems that living in student dormitories is associated with more harm for them. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the experiences of female students in facing the dormitory life.

In this research, according to the nature of its subject, qualitative method and phenomenological approach have been used. The statistical population in this research are female students living in student dormitories in Urmia University. The statistical sample in this research was 10 people who were selected in a purposeful way from among the female students living in the dormitories of Urmia University who had at least two semesters and at most five semesters of attendance in the dormitories. Getting first-hand experiences or lived experience can only be done by interviewing people who have had this experience themselves. For this purpose, a semi-structured interview was used in this research to collect data. In the interviews, the students were asked to express their experiences of living in the dormitory. The method of data analysis in this research was done using the Colaizzi's method. The credibility of this research has been achieved by using the components of reliability, originality, transferability, reliability and verifiability, as well as presenting the research results to the participants and recording the research process accurately. In determining the validity of the research, the strategies of confirmation of the participants, involvement of the researcher with the investigated phenomenon, evaluation and consensus of other researchers on the determined concepts and categories have been used.Discussion of the findings and

The findings of this research show that living in student dormitories for female students comes with many challenges and opportunities. The challenges of dormitory life from the point of view of female students are: lack of privacy, irregular sleeping and waking hours, personality instability, lack of dormitory facilities, mental-psychological pressure, and studying on the sidelines. Besides these challenges, students have also mentioned the opportunities of dormitory life. Opportunities such as individual independence, personality development, gaining social life experiences, self-management of life and strengthening the spirit of cooperation were part of the most important opportunities mentioned by the students. Therefore, based on these findings, the culture of student dormitories, along with the challenges and problems they create for students, can provide opportunities and fields to improve students' ability and social life skills to lead to personal growth and Students become social.If there is one point to be discussed as the final result of this research, it is that the dormitory culture, although within itself, brings opportunities and positive consequences; But its challenges and negative aspects are more in our country. The paradigm model of this research clearly shows this fact. However, the dormitory management in our country has been wrong from the beginning and no plan has been presented for this part of university culture. The dormitory is only a four-walled one with minimal facilities and has been prepared for students to sleep. It is not important for the university authorities what kind of relations and problems exist within these four walls. This method of management has been until today and along with other factors, it has caused the deterioration of academic culture and the reduction of the quality of universities in Iran. It is on this basis that the expression "eclipse of academic culture" is used in Iran for the situation.

Using a qualitative approach and the grounded theory, the present study seeks to analyze the perception of marriage by the university students in Isfahan. The field of the research was the state universities in Isfahan, including Isfahan University, Isfahan University of Technology, and the Medical University of Isfahan. The participants included thirty students of various fields of study at different levels of education. They were selected through purposeful-theoretical sampling, and the required data were derived from semi-structured in-depth interviews. The data analysis was performed by open, axial and selective coding processes and a paradigmatic model as the analytical tool. Also, the content validity of the research was evaluated with validation techniques, by an external expert, and through analytical comparisons. As the research findings indicated, university students’ perception of marriage can be discussed based on the components of a paradigmatic model, including causal conditions (i.e., underlying obstacles, failure phobia, limitation assumptions, mental imaging of marriage), intervening conditions (i.e., available alternatives, marriage patterns), background conditions (i.e., variation of roles, commercialization of marriage), strategies (individual and institutional ones), consequences (psychological, affective, social and economic ones), and the core category of ‘marriage as an unpredictable phenomenon’

The present research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of group training of emotional distress tolerance skills based on acceptance and commitment on the quality of life and emotion regulation of students. The method of the current research was a semi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the research was all female students of the 10th grade of high school in Rafsanjan in the academic year of 2023, 30 of them (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) were selected as a cluster random sampling method and using a questionnaire. Var et al.'s (1996) quality of life and Garnevsky and Kraij's (2006) emotion regulation. During 10 sessions, the intervention group underwent 90-minute group training for coping with emotional distress based on acceptance and commitment twice a week, but no action was taken in the case of the control group. Data analysis was done with tests as mean, standard deviation and covariance analysis using SPSS version 24 software. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. The results showed that the group training of emotional distress tolerance skills based on acceptance and commitment has an effect on the quality of life and emotion regulation of students. Therefore, group training of emotional distress tolerance based on acceptance and commitment can be used to increase the quality of life and regulate students' emotions.

Today, the rapid development of information and communication technologies and the impact of globalization necessitate the use of information technology-related mechanisms by individuals and organizations to stay ahead and gain a competitive advantage. With the expansion of these technologies, it has become crucial for all people and organizations to adapt and integrate them into their processes and operations to remain relevant and continue to progress in the globalized world. The study aimed to devise a curriculum model for enhancing students' professional skills through virtual social networks. The employed research method was exploratory and relied on foundational data. The participants in the present study included all curriculum experts and specialists related to the research project, who were selected using a purposive sampling method. The number of participants was considered to be 13 people based on theoretical saturation. The research tool used in the study was semi-structured interviews with experts. Data analysis encompassed theoretical coding. To validate the proposed model, the Delphi method was employed. The research findings revealed that the desired curriculum consisted of 14 dimensions, such as logic, goals, content, teaching-learning strategies, learning activities of learners, materials and resources, grouping of learners, time, space, evaluation methods, and professional qualifications. The identified facilitating and hindering factors were professors and excellence, respectively. The final curriculum model designed for the development of students' professional skills using virtual social networks was found to be valid from both the experts' and users' perspectives.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of parenting style and practice of religious beliefs of families on individual, social and educational characteristics of students. This research In terms of purpose, is Practical And in implementation method, is Descriptive in type of correlation (Regression). The statistical population of this study includes all second year high school students in Qom in the academic year 1399-99 (approximately 15 thousand male and female students). The statistical sample of the study includes 375 students (according to Morgan table) who were selected and studied in a cluster-random manner. The research instruments included Bamrind (1972) Parenting Styles Questionnaire, Religious Beliefs Questionnaire (2000), Neo Personality Traits Questionnaire designed by McCrery and Costa (1985), The Wieland Social Development Scale, and Pham & Taylor (1999) Academic Performance Questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the professors and their reliability was reported to be satisfactory. To analyze the data in the descriptive statistics section, descriptive tables and graphs were used to express the demographic and descriptive characteristics of the research. The results of the present study showed that parenting styles and practice of religious beliefs of families affect the individual, social and educational characteristics of students. Thus, the better the parenting styles of the parents, from the authoritarian style to the logical authority style, the better the students 'academic, social and academic performance, and on the other hand, the better the students' religious beliefs, the better the academic performance. Students' social and educational conditions improve.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the mediating role of family functioning dimensions in the relationship between attachment styles and religious adherence of students.

The research method is descriptive and correlation type. The research community includes all the students of Al-Zahra University studying in2022-2-23, of which 318 were selected by simple random sampling using Cochran's formula. To collect data, from questionnaires of religious adherence, attachment styles and measuring the dimensions of family functioning, and for data analysis, from descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient and modeling of structural equations (path analysis) used.

The results of the correlation test showed that the relationship between secure attachment style, religious adherence and family functioning is positive and significant. The relationship between avoidant and ambivalent attachment style with dimensions of family functioning is negative and significant. The result of path analysis also confirmed the mediating role of family functioning dimensions in the relationship between attachment styles and religious adherence.

This study shows that attachment styles have an effect on people's behavior in human relationships, also the dimensions of family functioning justify the interaction between attachment styles and religious adherence and play a role in strengthening the religious adherence of people with different attachment styles.

The present study aimed to identify factors affecting the development of teacher and student participation in research activities (student research centers).

 This applied research was conducted using a qualitative approach. The research population consisted of experts in student research centers in Semnan province in the 2021-2022 academic year. From among them, based on the principle of theoretical saturation, 16 individuals were selected as samples using purposive and snowball sampling methods. Data collection tools were semi-structured interviews, the validity of which was confirmed by triangulation, and reliability was achieved with a Cohen’s kappa coefficient of 62%. Data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding in MAXQDA 2020 software.

 The findings showed that factors affecting the development of teacher and student participation in research activities included 18 concepts, 6 subcategories, and 3 main categories. The main categories included research center structure (with two subcategories: reward system and appreciation of teachers' and students' efforts, and employment conditions and ethical principles in the process), clear mission and vision of the research center (with two subcategories: strategic program development and specification of goals, missions, values, and visions), and laws, regulations, and policies (with two subcategories: flexibility in the process of employing teachers, student teachers, and talented students, and adding points in annual evaluation and ranking).

 Considering the identified factors affecting the development of teacher and student participation in research activities (student research centers), it is necessary to plan for their participation development through the identified factors.

Academic achievement especially in mathematics is very important and knowing the effective factors on it helps a lot in planning in the field of mathematical academic achievement. As a result, the aim of this research was to investigate the causal model of mathematical academic achievement based on the creative thinking and critical thinking with the mediation of problem solving in primary school students. 

The present study was a description from type of quantitative, which its population was all primary school students of Tabriz city in the 2023-24 academic years. The sample size of the present research was considered to be 250 people, which this number were selected by multi-step cluster random sampling method. The tools of this study were included the questionnaires of mathematical academic achievement (Shalev et al, 1993), creative thinking (Welch and Mc Dowall, 2010), critical thinking (Facione et al, 1994) and problem solving (Heppner and Petersen, 1982) and their data were analyzed with the methods of Pearson correlation coefficients and structural equation modeling in SPSS-26 and AMOS-24 software. 

The findings of the present research showed that the causal model of mathematical academic achievement based on the creative thinking and critical thinking with the mediation of problem solving in primary school students had a good fit. In the mentioned model, the variables of creative thinking and critical thinking had a direct and significant effect on problem solving and mathematical academic achievement of primary school students, and the variable of problem solving had a direct and significant effect on their mathematical academic achievement. In addition, the variables of creative thinking and critical thinking with the mediation of problem solving had an indirect and significant effect on mathematical academic achievement of primary school students (P<0.05). 

According to the results of this study, in order to improve the mathematical academic achievement of primary school students can promote their creative thinking, critical thinking and problem solving.