جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اعتبارسنجی حدیث » در نشریات گروه « علوم قرآن و حدیث »

"Hadith" as the narrator of the tradition, is one of the most important main sources in the inference of religious Laws and Islamic teachings. In the process of transmitting the narrative heritage up to the present day, some hadiths have undergone different defects, such as interpolations into their text. The number of such texts is low. Still, the researcher has to detect them in the validation process of the hadith, as well as its understanding and admission as authoritative. This paper seeks to answer the question, what are the ways of detecting interpolations into the hadiths? So, through a descriptive-analytical method and using written sources and existing documents, it tries to identify the main ways of detecting interpolations into the hadiths. Some of these ways are: using manuscripts, analyzing research text, employing the science of Takhrij and identifying references of the narration, and considering the role of the narrator in the process of transmission of narrative heritage.

According to the current sources, there are many controversies in the Shia sources, especially in the later sources, regarding the historical identity and personality of Sulaim ibn Qais, as well as the authenticity and validity of the work attributed to him. This is despite the fact that every narrative and hadith work can be evaluated and analyzed from several aspects; one of these aspects is the examination of hadith documents or general documents of a narrative book. Since the hadiths attributed to Sulaim are of two types: one is the few and often short hadiths found in some early sources and the other is the seventy and often long hadiths of recent books attributed to Sulaim; therefore, it is necessary to examine and analyze the documents of each of these types of narratives separately. In the upcoming research, while reporting the documents of the manuscripts of the books attributed to Sulaim, the authenticity of these documents and some of their narrators have been discussed and investigated. During this research, it was found that the manuscripts attributed to Sulaim can be divided into two categories, old and new; and both categories, apart from the long cut in document situation, are distorted and invalid due to several reasons such as "the lack of the narrators, uncertainty in the documents and in the class of the narrators, the rijālī problems of the narrators and even the forgery of the document".

According to the current sources, there are many controversies in the Shia sources, especially in the later sources, regarding the historical identity and personality of Sulaim ibn Qais, as well as the authenticity and validity of the work attributed to him. This is despite the fact that every narrative and hadith work can be evaluated and analyzed from several aspects; one of these aspects is the examination of hadith documents or general documents of a narrative book. Since the hadiths attributed to Sulaim are of two types: one is the few and often short hadiths found in some early sources and the other is the seventy and often long hadiths of recent books attributed to Sulaim; therefore, it is necessary to examine and analyze the documents of each of these types of narratives separately. In the upcoming research, while reporting the documents of the manuscripts of the books attributed to Sulaim, the authenticity of these documents and some of their narrators have been discussed and investigated. During this research, it was found that the manuscripts attributed to Sulaim can be divided into two categories, old and new; and both categories, apart from the long cut in document situation, are distorted and invalid due to several reasons such as "the lack of the narrators, uncertainty in the documents and in the class of the narrators, the rijālī problems of the narrators and even the forgery of the document".

According to authentic narrations, the glorifications of Hazrat Fatima(peace be upon her) is a gift from the Prophet(peace be upon him) to her. But there is no certainty about the narrative sources about the dignity of issuing these rosaries. The present research, while emphasizing the correctness of the glorification of Hazrat Fatimah (PBUH), has been organized in an analytical-descriptive method with the aim of analyzing the traditions of "the dignity of issuing it". The result is: the story of the servant's request is a collection of narrations that is mentioned as the dignity of issuing these rosaries and was first narrated by Tayalasi in the first decade of the third lunar century. In the Shiite point of view, all the narrations of this story are invalid, because first of all, most of the people who document it are unknown personalities or people who are known for lying and enmity with the Ahl al-Bayt (AS). And secondly, their text is also anxious. The reason why Sunni sources pay so much attention to this story is to use it to justify the usurpation of the financial rights of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) by the first and second caliphs. Theologians such as Ibn Hajar Asqlani, Nuvi, etc. have also pursued the same goal.

The collection of hadiths concerning “ Abyssal Thinking “ which includes the Qudsi hadith: “ترددی فی موت عبدی المومنک ء انا فاعله ما ترددت فی شی”, can be considered as one of the clear examples of the problematic hadith (مشکل الحدیث) that has been discussed for centuries by scholars, jurists, theologians, philosophers, Shia and Sunni mystics and commentators. The following article seeks to analyze the validation of the hadith collection of “ Abyssal Thinking “ based on the ancient “book-oriented” validation system. The purpose of implementing this process is not only to find out the validity of this collection of hadiths, but also to trace the entry of these hadiths into the first Shia hadith sources and its flow in later sources. Collecting the primary sources containing this hadith can present the belief hidden in it as an accepted and comprehensive thought among the Imamiyyah. Therefore, in order to achieve these two important things, i.e.: identifying the first narrators and also discovering the first hadith books containing the hadith, by analyzing the documents of this valuable and famous hadith in the existing hadith sources, we traced it in the primary hadith sources and as a result, proved its validity and strength.

The narration of “Innama al-A’mal bi-al-Niyyat” is a narration that Shia and Sunni jurists have used in various chapters of jurisprudence and have cited it in several issues. This narration is challenged and questioned in two dimensions; One is from chain of document and the other is from the point of view of content. Although many works have been written about these two dimensions, but less has been done to examine the document and explain its semantic scope in a comparative way and to determine the stronger meaning by citing evidences. This article aims to use a descriptive-analytical method, using a library method, while discussing and examining its documents from the perspective of Two Major Islamic Sects, to investigate its possibilities and semantic scope, and to determine the strongest possibility with the assistance of numerous clues and evidences. The findings of this research indicate that the narration is authentic and acceptable in terms of issuance as a document based on the school of issuance trustworthiness by combining evidences such as narrative reputation, practical reputation, agreement with authentic narrations, spiritual or abstract massive report. In terms of the content, which has many possibilities, the possibility that what is meant by it is a comprehensive concept and what the scholars have said as the meaning and meaning of the narration is an example of it, seems stronger.

Among the documents that those who believe in passivity in the political system cling to is a narrative known as "Qulob al-Muluk" in which the people are advised to avoid cursing and confronting cruel and oppressive kings and only ask God through prayers and supplications. Make the hearts of the kings kind to them. The most important issue of this narrative is to be content with praying and not taking action to reform rulers and undesirable political affairs. The present research aims to answer the question of inactivity with a descriptive-analytical method and a critical approach, after mentioning the date of transmission of this hadith in the sources of the parties, it has investigated its documentary and textual validity. The authenticating of this narration shows that the aforementioned hadith has weak authenticity because its first appearance was in Sunni sources in the third century, and then it was transferred to Shiite sources and gradually entered the commentary and theological texts. Validation of the content of the narrative also shows that the Holy Quran and other religious teachings not only support this content, but also invite active participation in politics and criticism and supervision of the rulers. There are also authentic narrations in front of the said narration, which makes it a serious challenge in the test of presenting the hadith on the authentic Sunnah.

Measuring the validity and context of issuing a text to obtain its issuance by the Infallibles is an important issue throughout the history of hadith studies, So that ensuring the issuance of hadith leads to the establishment of correct epistemological-moral principles in religious teachings. In the meantime, the narrations that in first place convey the similarity with texts of the Greek sages to the mind, are of great importance for validation. One of them is a narration which considers “virtues” as four characteristics in general and mentions the strength of each of them, which inevitably bears many similarities between it and Greek wisdoms. The establishment of this conceptual similarity creates a reading such as “Transcription of said hadith from Greek wisdoms” and “the lack of authenticity of the hadith due to the existence of single origins “.Therefore, the efforts of this paper are to evaluate the issuing ground of this narrative for obtain its issuance and verification of its similarity with Greek texts of wisdoms, which is based on descriptive method in collecting and analyzing intra-textual and extra-textual approaches. The product of integrated attitude in validation obtains non-issuance, so that the evaluation of “conceptual history of words” shows that the words of this hadith are not consistent with the common style of narrative literature, so it`s not possible for the user to reconstruct the said text. Also, the conceptual difference between words and semantic similarities with ethical books in the same age with the first source of this narrative has reduced the confidence of issuance.

One of the most important documents of the "La Dharar" rule is a narration that includes the story of Samra ibn Jundab, the most authoritative report of which has been narrated by Abdullah ibn Bokir. The documents of this narrative are often not evaluated for claiming their frequency or validity. In the evaluated cases, attempts to correct the documents by the Rajali method have become common. This article evaluates the narration of Abdullah Ibn Bakr in the rule of no harm by means of list analysis. A thorough examination of the document in Kafi reveals the weakness of its transmission medium. On the other hand, by examining a list, the validity of the list is sufficient at the time of writing the book. Following the hadith in the Sunni heritage, it is quite clear that the phrase "no harm and no harm" was known in Medina in the first century and especially in the second half. In the second century, with the beginning of the compilation of hadith, Sunni thinkers sought to document the hadith harmless and tried to cite its documents. In the third century, by examining the documents and refining and correcting them, the Sunni hadith scholars considered the harmless hadith to be interrupted and refused to quote it. In the following centuries, the memorizers of the Sunni hadith tried to accept the hadith according to other documents and considered it "good".

This study aims to explain the validation process of Shaykh Anṣārī by using a descriptive-analytical method. In every science, the methodology causes a revolution in education and research and creates positive developments. So, it is necessary to clarify the system by which the great jurists such as Shaykh Anṣārī authenticated the hadiths. According to Shaykh Anṣārī's view, the validation of a hadith is not limited to the evaluation of its isnad. Instead, the narration's validity can be changed by the intra-textual indications such as conformity of the hadith content with the intention of the Quran, the tradition, and reason, the excellence of its content, and lack of slang, as well as extra-textual indications including the source of the hadith, the frequency and repetition of its content in several books, and the act of the earlier scholars. In the evaluation of the hadith, he considers both isnad and text as well as the intra-textual and extra- textual indications. Each of these three factors may have a clue that compensates the weakness of the hadith and consequently, brings confidence in the issuance of the tradition by the infallible Imam (AS). The introducing and explaining Shaykh Anṣārī's model and method of validating the hadiths can be considered as the results of this study.

One of the methods of verifying the text of hadiths is to present them to the Holy Quran. This process, which is called “the rule of presenting hadiths to the Quran”, is based on various rational and narrative reasons. The most famous of these reasons are a group of traditions called “narrations of presenting”. Nevertheless, some objections have been raised to the correctness of this rule to the trend of Sunni and Shia appearance-centrism. The current research, using library sources and using the descriptive-analytical method seeks to reread these reasons, the extent of their meaning and answer to them. In this research, the problems of the opponents of the rule are divided into four categories: epistemological approaches, documentary problems, problems based on narrative evidence, and incorrect implications for the implementation of the presenting rule. In a general evaluation, the root of the aforementioned epistemological and content-based reasons goes back to issues such as understanding one side of some narrations, and lack of solid understanding of the concept of opposition in the context of wide-ranging narrations, and equating the concept of Sunnah with Hadith. The answers provided to the aforementioned problems are also based on the understanding of these issues. Documentary problems have also occurred due to focusing on a limited number of narrations presented, which are answered by referring to other hadiths and obtaining meaningful massiveness or abundance. The result is that none of the reasons can be used to harm the narration of presenting.

Considering the sublime status of the hadith and its role in the different Islamic knowledge, the certainty of its attribution to the Infallibles is of high importance. For this reason, the science of “criticism of hadith” (naqd al-ḥadīth) has for long been emphasized by the traditionists and other scholars. This validity assessment is carried out by applying different criteria whose results may slightly vary from one criterion to another. One of the most major hadith sources is the book al-Kāfī which is among the sources of the 4th/10th century and has received for long the attention of the traditionists and other scholars. Some of the scholars are of the opinion that all traditions contained in al-Kāfī are reliable. Some nonconformist contemporaries, however, consider most of its traditions as fabricated! Having applied a library-oriented method and a descriptive-analytical approach, the present research aims at investigating the amount of the fabricated traditions of this book. For this purpose, it has measured, at first, the criteria of validity assessment of hadith. Then it has dealt with studying the difference between the weakness of isnad and the fabrication of traditions. In the last step it has explored the amount of fabricated traditions in this book. The findings of this research indicate that the number of the fabricated traditions of this book is either zero or very few.

The present article seeks to study the status of interpretation in accurate understanding the hadith and preserving its status as a valid document in the religious texts. Since the hadith is an important and indisputable source in the knowledge of religion, exploring its dimensions and gaining its truth, is of the fundamental needs of science of Hadith. As in the past, this approach has existed among Islamic scholars; the fact is that there are words and propositions in the context of hadiths that are incompatible with the Quran, hadith and reason. Some thoughts and ideas have been presented in order to resolve this incompatibility. This descriptive-analytic study, using the views of the hadith commentators and scholars of jurisprudence, has tried to examine the issue of hadith interpretation and validation. The result indicates that interpretation, in addition to a deeper understanding of the hadith, has an unexplained role in accrediting it.

Takhrīj refers to the extraction of the various texts, subjects, content, sources and chains of transmission of a hadith from its primary sources. The subject of takhrīj used to fall under the rubric of principles of hadith or hadith taxonomy but is now considered an
independent field of study. The scholars of the Ahl al-Sunnah have been active in the development of this science. As for the Shīʿa scholars, even though they have not written any theoretical works on takhrīj, they have used a variety of methods to practically carry out the takhrīj of hadith. In this paper, we examine the influential role of Shīʿa scholars in the development and promotion of the science of takhrīj. One of the benefits of this research, aside from clarifying the importance of takhrīj, is identifying the types and methods of the takhrīj of hadith. In this article, through the examination and study of works on Shīʿa hadith, we have been able to not only answer the claim that this science has only been the focus of Sunnī scholars, but have also shown the influential role of Shīʿas in the development of this science. In the process of identifying different types of takhrīj, we have also presented an analysis of each of these types.

The apostasy of the Companions has been one of the doubts that since past to now have been attributed to Shia. One of the sources of this doubt is the hadith of " " ارتد الناس بعد النبی الا ثلاثه [after Prophet, all of people became apostates, except three]. The dignity of Companions and their place in the Quran and traditions, make it necessary to discussion about this hadith. The present writing tries to use the sources, texts and documents in the hadith books; firstly, in order to evaluate this hadith based on issuance, and then in order to explain the meaning of the hadith words and to express the views of the Sunni and Shia scholars. This writing, for the first time, validates the above-mentioned hadith and its implication it, and analyzes it with a narrative - literary method, and by using the textbooks and Quranic - Hadithic implications, would explain the types of apostasy and offers a proportionate meaning to this hadith.