تربیت

In the Holy Quran, patience (ṣabr) and gratitude (shukr) are emphasized as human virtues with significant educational value. Patience, by emphasizing the acceptance of suffering, enables individuals to perform better and more resiliently in daily affairs, while gratitude, as a form of acknowledgment of divine blessings, empowers individuals to face life’s challenges with optimism and high morale. Patience, on an individual level, strengthens faith and certainty, and in the context of family life, it contributes to the stability of relationships, enhances self-confidence, creates a healthy atmosphere, and fosters achievements such as self-sufficiency and the purification of economic activities.Regarding gratitude to God, the Quran highlights numerous educational functions, among the most important of which are attaining the station of divine contentment (riḍā), deliverance from punishments and afflictions, eligibility for eternal rewards, and the increase and continuity of blessings. In the Quran, gratitude is emphasized as one of the fundamental spiritual and educational principles. It enhances morale and faith and holds considerable significance as a factor in human education.The research methodology employed in this article is descriptive-analytical, using library-based techniques.

The progress and advancement of human societies depend on the nature and quality of their education. Sayyid Jamal al-Din Afghani is one of the prominent and influential figures of the 19th-century Islamic world, who made unparalleled efforts with an educational and training approach to awaken oppressed Muslim nations in the East. He considered education as a fundamental tool for both material and spiritual development and believed that the backwardness of the Islamic world stemmed from neglecting practical sciences and failing to apply religious knowledge. The educational approach of this Eastern reformer, besides transmitting knowledge, emphasized the development of other aspects of human personality, aiming to enhance political consciousness and the spiritual growth of Islamic societies, preparing them for resistance against foreign domination and internal betrayal. Afghani believed that intellectual and spiritual training leads individuals to self-awareness and inner freedom. From his perspective, education is only effective when its source is the untouched divine revelations.

Government jurisprudence is an approach and a theory about the method of deriving the rulings of jurists, which is opposed to the individual method and approach of deriving the rulings. Government jurisprudence is a holistic approach that oversees all branches of jurisprudence. Therefore, the scope discussed in government jurisprudence will be all issues of jurisprudence. Government jurisprudence, in the face of the challenges of the present era, needs a precise explanation of its foundations so that it can prove its effectiveness in different areas and dimensions such as education and training. According to the laws of Islamic jurisprudence, no individual has the absolute right of sovereignty to establish divine laws except God, which God delegates to chosen humans by appointing a caliph and successor. Therefore, education and training has a longitudinal system at the head of which God, then the Prophet, and after him the Imams are located. The main purpose of this research is to examine the strategies of the words of Imam Ali (AS) in education based on the approach of governmental jurisprudence and to examine the principles, methods and goals of education in the words of this great man. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical. And it has been carried out using library tools. Imam Ali (AS) in Sermon 34 has referred to the four rights that people have over the government, guidance of the general public, the government's commitment to ensuring the welfare of the people, education and training in a comprehensive manner, and discipline for steadfastness in practice. The conclusion of the present research on the words of the Commander of the Faithful (AS) is that the relationship between the government and the people is a mutual relationship in the matter of education and training and the method of governance.

The Holy Quran was revealed by Almighty God to the heart of the Prophet to nurture and enhance human intellect. As human beings constantly strive for spiritual growth, Quranic verses serve as a valuable source for spiritual development. Among these verses, the term rushd (guidance/maturity) appears 16 times in the Quran and is considered a synonymous concept with spiritual education. This study aims to elucidate the concept of spiritual intelligence in the Quran by analyzing the derivatives of rushd in the context of spiritual development. The research employs an analytical method, with the entire Quran serving as the study population and verses containing the term rushd as the sample. The findings indicate that the foundations of spiritual intelligence include (faith in God and acceptance of His guidance, continuous remembrance of God, the principle of creation, and divine grace). The prerequisites consist of (knowledge of religious laws and theological beliefs, and utilization of authentic sources). The essential requirements encompass (inviting people to truth, attention to physical and intellectual growth, free choice of religion, migration from a corrupt environment, and traveling with scholars). Additionally, the obstacles to spiritual intelligence, as derived from rushd, include (stubbornness, polytheism, blind imitation, internal denial, arrogance, and choosing the wrong path). Each of these elements contributes to facilitating spiritual education and development.

abstract: One of the ways to understand the meanings of Quranic verses is to study their translations. Sometimes, in the translation of verses, there are ambiguous points that cause differences of opinion among translators. One of these verses is verse 87 of Surah Hud, which has two different interpretations. This research aims to explain the correct meaning of verse 87 of Surah Hud through the examination of some of the clues, as it is not possible to analyze all the clues in this limited scope. Therefore, by using library research and referring to exegeses, the study examines a number of verses from Surahs Hud, A'raf, and Shu'ara, which narrate the story of Prophet Shu'ayb, peace be upon him. The result indicates that the second part of verse 87 of Surah Hud does not imply mockery and disdain towards Prophet Shu'ayb from his people.

Moral education constitutes one dimension of education, wherein the educator actively seeks to modify and rectify the learner's undesirable characteristics and conduct. Nevertheless, these pedagogical endeavours necessitate distinct methodologies. The pedagogical approaches prevalent within secular educational frameworks have undergone continuous transformation and development owing to an incomplete comprehension of the multifaceted nature of human beings. The disparities among these methodologies compel us to scrutinize more dependable approaches grounded in divine revelation and the teachings of those who have been nurtured within the school of revelation. Indisputably, the Nahj al-Balāghah, following the Holy Qur'an, stands as one of the preeminent compilations of Hadith, offering invaluable guidance for the moral education of humanity. Within the corpus of Imam ‘Alī's (p.b.u.h) teachings, Letter 31 occupies a unique position as a pedagogical charter. In this epistle, he comprehensively addresses diverse cognitive, affective, and behavioural strategies for moral education. This l inquiry, employing a descriptive-analytical methodology and relying on library-based research, concentrates exclusively on the affective dimension of moral education as delineated in Imam ‘Alī's Thirty-First Letter, endeavouring to introduce a variety of practical strategies within this domain.

This article presents a comparative analysis of hadiths regarding insight and ignorance from ethical and educational perspectives. Insight, as one of the fundamental characteristics of faithful individuals, refers to deep understanding and the ability to distinguish right from wrong, playing a crucial role in the moral and spiritual guidance of individuals. This paper examines the impacts of insight on moral and educational growth, as well as the detrimental effects of ignorance on moral decline and educational setbacks. Various hadiths from the Prophet Muhammad and the Imams emphasize the importance of insight and its role in enhancing individuals' ethics and education. These hadiths illustrate that insight not only brings light to the hearts of believers but also saves them from deviation and misguidance. In contrast, ignorance is recognized as one of the greatest barriers to spiritual and moral growth, leading to unethical behaviors and straying from the correct path. The article also provides practical strategies for strengthening insight and combating ignorance within educational contexts and discusses the roles of teachers, parents, and educators in this regard. Ultimately, based on the findings of this article, suggestions for future research on the deeper impacts of insight and ignorance on human education and ethics are offered.

 Almighty God has sent his best servants and sent down heavenly books so that the education of human beings can be done in the best way, but despite that, some educators of this school followed the crooked path instead of guidance. By way of guidance, we called reformative education. Correctional education is in contrast to primary education and it is often for the education of those students who are deprived of proper education for any reason, and the teacher is for reforming and changing their undesirable traits and behavior in the religious, religious, political and social fields, in three areas. Cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functions. By studying the hadiths and life of the Holy Prophet (S) and Ahl al-Bayt (A), this research introduces and explains behavioral training methods that are effective in reforming the teacher;The meaning of behavioral methods is any type of action and action that is done in order to correct and change the behavior of errant people, regardless of whether the trainer himself takes action or forces the trainer to take action. And its methods are: modeling, changing and reforming habits, calling to repentance, prayer and appeal, indoctrination, friendship and tolerance, neglect, forgiveness, threats, decisive action, corporal punishment, these methods, each of which indicates a behavior. They can be effective in reforming teacher education. Using the descriptive-analytical method, this research has categorized the hadiths related to the subject and analyzed the behavioral methods in correctional education from those hadiths.

The attitude formation method encompasses cognitive, emotional, and ethical elements. Due to its comprehensiveness, its application in education is effective. This article addresses the three dimensions of the attitude formation method, outlining goals, foundations, and principles for each dimension in relation to the topic of patience. The educational characteristic of patience is a significant theme emphasized in the Holy Quran, which presents various strategies for fostering this trait. Numerous works exist on the subject of patience; this article analyzes and examines the attitude formation method in cultivating the educational trait of patience from the perspective of the Holy Quran. In this study, the library research method was utilized to analyze the attitude formation method in education (specifically in developing the trait of patience, with a case study of Surah Yusuf). The cognitive, emotional, and behavioral elements in attitude formation aimed at establishing the educational and ethical quality of patience, centered on Surah Yusuf, were examined. Efforts were made to clarify the educational messages and directives of the Holy Quran in Surah Yusuf based on these elements. The findings indicate that the Holy Quran, emphasizing educational foundations, principles, and methods, articulates ways to develop patience across cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dimensions.

The present study was developed to provide a model for the role of family in nurturing children's social lifestyle from the perspective of Islamic sources (Qur'an and Hadith) with an individual psychology approach. This qualitative study has focused on extracting components and drawing the mentioned model by gathering information in a documentary way, non-random and purposeful sampling, and data analysis using the grounded theory method with open, axial, and selective coding and finally specifying core category. According to the individual psychology approach, which presents human beings as social and useful type for society as having a healthy lifestyle and by referring to the Quran and Islamic hadiths and by purposive sampling based on the principle of saturation,  145primary open codes,  28 axial codes and finally, according to the dimensions of the creating conditions, strategies and consequences,  5 selective codes explaining the components of the family role model in nurturing children's social lifestyle with an individual psychology approach and centered on one core category, titled “Social education on the path to being useful to others” was extracted from Islamic sources. These components were evaluated by 11 humanities and psychology experts and analyzed using the Content Validity Index (CVI). Experts assessed the validity of the components as favorable (CVI= 0/92). Finally, according to the obtained components, model of the role of family in nurturing children's social lifestyle from the perspective of Islamic sources with an individual psychology approach and the core category of social education on the path to being useful to others was designed.

 Different methods and methods can be used for education, the most important of which is the modeling method. In this method, a person or people who have desirable behavior is used as a role model and is exposed to the observation of the person and trained to follow his behavior and identify himself with him. The influence of role models in the formation of the behavior and character of children, teenagers and young people and the formation or stabilization of their moral and social character is extremely impressive. In this method, learning is done indirectly and through observation, which is one of the most effective types of learning. Following good role models play an important role in the development of talents and for this reason, it is highly recommended to use them in Islamic sources. This claim is clearly visible by examining the verses of the Quran and the words of the Prophet of Islam (pbuh) and the infallible imams (pbuh), especially Commander of the Faithful Ali (pbuh). Therefore, according to the importance of the topic, the purpose of the current research is to investigate the educational method of the model based on the words of Imam Ali (A.S) in different narrative sources, especially Nahj al-Balagha, using the library method and a descriptive-analytical method, and to investigate the different dimensions of this method It is educational.

Education is the creation of conditions that lead to the growth and advancement of human potential and actual powers. A sound education fosters human development through rigorous and practical approaches.This research aims to achieve educational methods based on Imam Ali's (AS) teachings and developmental psychology. This comparative descriptive-analytical research was developed according to the subject area using the teachings of Nahjul-Balaghah and learning theory through the data collection method. To collect data, the narrations of Imam Ali (AS) and the theories of psychologists of learning theory were studied with the training approach. Then, the data were selected and analyzed through the stages of open coding and axial coding. Some of the most significant educational methods in the teachings of Imam Ali (AS) include: role-modeling, learning from history, rewards and punishments, game, prayer, teaching and reasoning, practice and habit formation, halal nutrition. Additionally, methods such as emulation, experience and learning from history, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, game, rational development, and broadening perspectives are considered primary techniques of education in learning theories. Results suggest that His  multifaceted and comprehensive approach, combined with the achievements of empirical sciences, has a remarkable effective role in institutionalizing education.

The fundamental objective of any educational system within a society is to catalyze essential changes that guide learners towards their intended goals. This research aims to uncover the most effective educational strategies as interpreted through the lens of the Holy Quran, with the intention of establishing a divinely-guided educational framework within the Islamic community. An examination of the verses related to the mission of the Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) indicates that, among the elements of recitation, purification (Tazkiyah), and the impartation of scripture and wisdom, purification is highlighted as the primary aim. This finding suggests that in Islamic education, purification should take precedence over mere instructional methods. Employing an analytical-descriptive approach, this study explores the educational strategies centered on purification, identifying several methods derived from the Quranic text: exploration of the cosmos, self-awareness or inner exploration (the journey towards experiential knowledge), enhancement of insight and consciousness, contemplative practices (including reflection, reasoning, and meditation), cultivation of wisdom, and the pursuit of divine knowledge, which present alternatives to traditional educational practices. It is important to note that while the purification-centric educational methods identified from the Quran encompass three areas - insightful, attitudinal, and behavioral - this article will concentrate exclusively on the insightful methods due to the limitations of the research

Since the religion of Islam has two dimensions (material and spiritual), it cannot be indifferent in explaining the principles and general principles of education. Political education is one of the important topics of human thought, because the existence of a community and being part of it is definitely associated with the acceptance of order and a series of special rules, which require more research on how to formulate and determine them. The research is a study of educational-political life and educational strategies of Imam Ali (as) in Nahj al-Balāghah. Nahj al-Balāghah expresses the state and precious words of Imam Ali (as), it is full of content, which shows the fusion of education and politics, and its obvious manifestation is in the personality and practical course of its pious owner (as). that he did not fall short in the smallest issue of leadership and used political training as a tool to achieve the goals of the religion of Islamic rules, which need more research on how to formulate. Imam Ali (as) deeply believes in the connection between the two fields of religion and politics; because politics is as a means to realize the lofty goals of religion. The words of Imam Ali (as) throughout Nahj al-Balāghah indicate that he based his government's main policy on political and moral education, and saw sovereignty not as domination but as responsibility and divine trust.