عقل مصباحی

The Tasnim Method in Interpreting the Quran is a comprehensive ijtihadic method with an emphasis on "interpreting the Quran by the Quran" with a moderate approach, meaning maximum benefit from the verses of the Quran, which is achieved by the intellect's discernment of the evidence and clues of the verse or other verses and their analysis and conclusion. In this case, the intellect only plays the role of a "lamp" and a tool. Therefore, Ayatollah Javadi Amoli makes a eloquent effort to benefit from it in his valuable Tasnim interpretation. The cognitive outcome of applying this role is to deepen and expand Quranic knowledge and avoid incorrect or incomplete and superficial understanding. The present article, written using a descriptive-analytical method, explains the essence of Misbahi's intellect and comprehensive ijtihadic interpretation, as well as the interpretation of the Quran by the Quran, and presents some of its Quranic and narrational evidence. It then points out fifteen functions of the application of Misbahi's intellect in Tasnim interpretation, especially with an emphasis on the interpretation of the Quran by the Quran: accuracy in the meaning of words, attention to the types of signification of the signified and non-conformity, analysis and explanation of the contents, interpretation of verses and reference of similarities to certainties, removal of apparent contradictions of verses and having a comprehensive view, general assignment, absolute restriction, consideration of key verses, separation of concept from instance, attention to breadth and inclusiveness, discovery of cause, recognition of allegory from limitation and determination, utilization of the grammatical message from descriptive expression, utilization of verses in confirming interpretive narrations, utilization of verses in criticizing interpretive narrations.

One of the ancient exegetical methods is rationalism in interpretation. Given the fact that the fourth century AH has been the earliest point of this trend and since Sayyid Raḍī has been one of the pioneers of this method, an exploration of rationalistic components in his exegetical opinions was taken into consideration. This study showed that the instrumental intellect had been more used by Sayyid than the referential intellect. Using intellect as evidence to esoteric interpretation (ta’wīl) of the verses and interpretation of the verses by metaphorical and figurative meaning, using intellectual self-evidence indicating the predication of the verses to figurative meanings, analysis of literary concepts with rational analysis, rational analysis of the subject of speech, and examining the statements with respect to rational criteria are the most important components in Sayyid Raḍī’s exegetical methods. Along with systematic ta’wīls and interpretations homogenous with the Mu‘tazilī rationalistic interpreters, the ta’wīls lacking enough evidence and proofs, including the hadiths of the Infallibles, are among the characteristics of his interpretations.