قرآن کریم

Simile, metonymy, metaphor, and allusion are important rhetorical tools used in religious texts, especially the Holy Qur'an, to clarify and convey doctrinal concepts. These rhetorical devices assist in presenting complex and abstract doctrinal concepts in a tangible and understandable manner for audiences. Simile, by establishing a similarity between abstract concepts and tangible entities, leads to a better understanding of religious concepts and evokes emotional and motivational impact. Metonymy, through the use of words with implicit meanings, creates vivid imagery and deep meanings for the audience. Metaphor, particularly in expressing spiritual states, divine support, and divine punishment, is used to represent abstract concepts in a more visual and comprehensible form. Allusion also plays an indirect and effective role in conveying doctrinal concepts, such as power and authority, guidance and mission, and divine punishment. In summary, these rhetorical devices contribute to enhancing the audience’s understanding of religious concepts, increasing the impact and reasoning of doctrinal arguments, and creating a spiritual and emotional connection with the audience.

Self-actualization and self-esteem are among the most influential factors in mental health and are considered key concepts in both the Qur'an and the school of humanistic psychology. They play a fundamental role in personality development and life satisfaction. This study aimed to explore the status of self-actualization and self-esteem in mental health from the perspective of the Qur'an and humanistic psychology by using a descriptive-analytical method and library-based tools, including note-taking. The findings indicate that in the Qur'an, self-actualization is understood as attaining the station of divine vicegerency (Khilāfat Allāh) and proximity to God, while self-esteem liberates the individual from attachment to worldly appearances and connects them to divine values. In contrast, humanistic psychology defines self-actualization as the realization of individual potential and self-esteem as a fundamental need in the process of achieving it. Although both frameworks emphasize the importance of self-esteem in psychological growth, their fundamental difference lies in the ultimate goal of self-actualization. The Qur'an, based on a theocentric worldview, considers this goal to be divine proximity and the realization of spiritual values, whereas humanism, with its anthropocentric worldview, emphasizes personal satisfaction and creativity.

In the Holy Qur’an, creation is presented as one of the key themes, addressed repeatedly and from diverse perspectives. This divine scripture invites its audience to contemplate and reflect upon various phenomena, particularly the concept of creation, employing a rich array of expressions. As a result, the reader attains a comprehensive and multifaceted understanding of creation. By emphasizing this theme, the Qur’an encourages its audience to explore the origins and destiny of the universe from both religious and scientific viewpoints. This study aims to analyze the vocabulary related to creation in the Holy Qur’an and examine its historical evolution by investigating the etymology of these terms in both classical and modern lexicographical sources. Through a comparative analysis of Qur’anic concepts with Semitic and Indo-European languages, the semantic shifts and cultural connections of these words throughout history are explored. The findings reveal that the Qur’an meticulously employs this coherent lexical network, and any alteration in these terms may disrupt the message’s transmission and their inherent cohesion.
 

This study presents a novel interdisciplinary method for analyzing the content of the Holy Quran by examining the rhythm of the verses' sounds using computational techniques. The sound harmonies within the Quranic verses are extracted using a mathematical method called Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) through specialized computer software. The relationships between these harmonies are then analyzed using mathematical models. The research is situated within a specific field known as phonosomantics, which aims to discover and establish connections between auditory signs and the semantic meanings derived from them. The authors adopt an engineering perspective, combining a literature review with computational studies to explore the relationship between sounds or the articulation of words and their embedded meanings. In this study, the rhythm of the Quranic verses—defined as the art of creating a pleasant auditory experience through the melody of words, the harmony of phrases, and the use of literary devices—is analyzed and categorized using an innovative method. The research aims to classify different rhythmic patterns within various surahs and infer their internal meanings. The outcome of this research is the development of an engineering software tool that provides a structured categorization of verses based on their meanings. This tool can assist in determining the chronological order of revelation, dating the verses, distinguishing between Meccan and Medinan verses, and delineating thematic boundaries to uncover the sīāq (context) of different verses.

Various factors such as “social and political motivations and agendas,” “external environment and prevailing conditions of the era,” and “the exegete’s lack of skill in utilizing contextual evidence and indicators” can facilitate the production of political Quran-centered doubts. While final judgment regarding certain social and political factors, such as the motivations and intentions of those who generate political doubts, may be speculative and conjectural, other factors, such as skill-related contexts-like the use of contextual evidence-can be evaluated with documentation. The existence of a significant volume of “failure to use or misuse of sentence context” in political doubts raises the question of whether this component can be identified as one of the factors in the production of political doubts. This research emphasizes the hypothesis that failure to recognize-regardless of motivational intent and whether inadvertent or deliberatethe presence or absence of sentence contextual evidence has been part of the foundation for generating political doubts from the Noble Quran. The outcome of this research, organized through description and analysis, demonstrates the necessity of adhering to sentence context and criteria for its use in understanding God’s political intent, thereby closing one pathway for the creation of political doubts and opening a pathway for identifying such doubts. Through explaining doubts in each section, the correct political understanding of the verse is presented.

The scientific authority of the Quran is a subject that has drawn the attention of Quranic scholars in recent centuries. In this context, scientific findings are used as a means to better understand the verses of the Holy Quran. Therefore, the scientific authority of the Quran necessitates engagement with scientific discoveries, lexicology, and interpretation. Analytical studies of scientific exegeses indicate that employing lexicology in this field prevents misinterpretations of Quranic verses and addresses certain existing doubts. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method and referencing exegetical and lexical sources, has reached several conclusions, including: expanding the scientific meaning of verses, recognizing the morphological structure of words along with their meanings, validating scientific narrations, comprehending the subtleties of Quranic verses, and demonstrating the Quran’s scientific marvels or miracles. The study highlights the crucial role of lexicology in the epistemological aspects of the scientific authority of the Quran, enhancing exegetical capabilities in scientific interpretation and clarifying appropriate methodological approaches. The findings suggest that scientific exegeses can benefit from the specialized structural roles of words

Surrendering or Submission to God with faith is a necessary duty for everyone. The Holy Qur'an has emphasized the submission of believers until death, and the best ritual, in the Holy Qur'an, is submission combined with meritorious deeds, so it is necessary to examine the verses of this area. On the one hand, the themes of the verses talk about the foundations and contexts that will cause a person to surrender and go through its stages, which are: belief in monotheism, faith, piety, attention to divine blessings, referring matters to God Almighty, and attention to knowledge. And God's wisdom, on the other hand, he lists man's stubbornness and Satan's deception as obstacles to surrender, which can be counted in two types of internal and external factors. The Holy Qur'an has mentioned good consequences for a person after she submits, which are: peace, trust, benefit from guidance, mercy and good news

Intertextuality is the relationship between two words and in a deeper sense, the relationship between two or more texts. One of the reasons for the content and richness of Persian poetry is the Quranic intertextuality in the poetry of poets and writers. Among these famous poets is the late Mullah Mohsen Feyz Kashani, who was one of the leaders of science, jurisprudence and interpretation in the Safavid era. In fact, Faiz can be mentioned as a scientist who has style in various scientific fields. In this article, we are looking for the amount of intertextuality and the blending of the poems of this great philosopher with the Holy Quran. The result of this research was that Faiz Kashani Kashani had many influences from the verses of the Quran and Feyz's poetry is actually an interpretation of the Holy Quran and narrations in such a way that there are Quranic references everywhere in his works. In Quranic intertextuality, he has used most of all the method of translation in the form of lexical and reporting, and he has used most of the famous and widely used verses in guarantees.

Defamiliarization is one of the aspects of the resurrection of words based on linguistics and one of the theories of new literary criticism that was proposed in the framework of the school of Russian formalism in 1917. the phenomenon of deviation from norms is regarded as an essential issue in the aesthetics of literary texts. The reason lies in the fact that it enhances the literary style, thereby increasing its aesthetic appeal and captivating the readers' attention towards various texts. The holy Qur'an, being the most superior text, has always been the focal point for scholars. The use of deviation from the norm in distinct verses has caused readers to pay more attention to its external structure. This led the writers to scrutinize Surah Yusuf through a breaking norm lens. The present article employs a descriptive-analytical method and refers to library sources to examine the literary deviation from the norm in the Surah of Yusuf. The most significant achievement of this research is that deviation from the norm in Surah Yusuf in the permissible category, simile, metaphor, and irony, which are the four techniques of the science of expression, has shown itself and made the apparent structure of this Surah stand out and also made its meaning more concrete for the reader. In this literary survey, the use of literary defamiliarization and its aspects in Surah Mubarake Yusuf has been discussed with a descriptive-analytical method in order to reveal the aesthetic structure and meaning of this surah.

In the Holy Qur’an and Nahj al-Balaghah, diverse discussions about governance and statecraft are presented. In the Qur’anic perspective, governance is sometimes addressed directly and at other times metaphorically, portraying divine governance as the best approach to managing society while rejecting non-divine forms of government. Imam Ali (AS) also addresses issues related to governance in his sermons and letters through metaphorical expressions. These metaphors are not only used to clarify complex concepts but also serve as a tool to convey precise ideas of governance and to present an Islamic model of statecraft. This study, employing a thematic research method and a metaphorical reasoning strategy, examines and explains the metaphors found in Nahj al-Balaghah and extracts an Islamic governance model from Imam Ali's (AS) perspective. The results of this research demonstrate that Imam Ali (AS), in describing methods of governance, employs metaphors that not only explain the responsibilities of the ruler and society but also provide a comprehensive depiction of the interaction between them. The metaphors used in Nahj al-Balaghah, besides facilitating the interpretation of verses related to governance, reflect the depth of Imam Ali’s (AS) perspective on governmental and social matters. By analyzing these metaphors, this research offers an Islamic governance model that can serve as a theoretical foundation for Islamic governance studies.

One of the important concerns of Muslim thinkers in the modern era is to enrich Islamic knowledge in the light of modern sciences such as cognitive semantics, which deals with the relationship between conceptual structure and conceptualization. The aim of this research is to deeply understand the concept of swearing in the Holy Quran using the semantic method. This article, which is the result of a research, is practical in terms of its purpose, has a descriptive-inferential nature in terms of the method of analysis, and is conducted through library work. All the verses of the Holy Quran are the statistical population of this research, and the examples of this research are derived from the context of the verses in which the keywords related to swearing are located. First, the data and the primary concepts are collected in a library method. Then, by studying the interpretations of the Quran and related books, we will analyze and review each of the opinions of researchers and experts. As the result of the research show, 56 percent of the oath verses have a power schema, which is the more frequent compared to the movement and volume schema. Also, the oaths of the Qur'an are forces to guide people, and the illustration of the category of power in the conceptualization of the oaths is more tangible.

The multifaceted narrative of Prophet Moses and the Israelites (Banī Isrāʾīl) has been a subject of contemplation from various perspectives. A significant part of this narrative involves the confrontation of Moses and Aaron, where, as interpreted by exegetes, Moses reproached Aaron harshly. This event occurred following Moses' departure for his divine appointment and the Israelites' subsequent worship of the Golden Calf. During Moses’ ten-day delay, the Israelites insisted on adopting a tangible deity until his return. In response, Sāmirī crafted a golden calf that emitted sounds like a cow (Qur’an, 20:87-88). Aaron’s extensive efforts to dissuade the people from this sedition were futile (ibid, 7:150). Informed by God of the deviation of his people before his return, Moses returned in anger and confronted his brother Aaron, questioning him about this deviation. Interpreters suggest that this confrontation involved Moses physically seizing Aaron’s beard and head in anger.

The meaning of life and meaning therapy are among the topics that help people in difficult situations in order to improve their inner state and mental health, and lead life from a void of meaning and emptiness to a purposeful one. It was founded and promoted by Viktor Emil Frankl. But this theory, compared to the teachings of the Holy Quran, faces many challenges in the basics, including in the anthropological basics. This research seeks to answer the question: What are the commonalities and differences between the anthropological foundations of the theory of meaning therapy compared to the Quranic approaches? By referring to the available sources and the teachings of the Holy Quran, the findings show us the points of commonality and overlapping of the two views; In the innateness of religious feelings, the meaning of life, the freedom of man in decision-making, the responsibility of man, the power to elevate life, the purposefulness of life and other things, there are common aspects of two views; Also, many cases of disagreement between the two points of view show the shortcomings in Frankel's point of view, which can be attributed to Darwin's evolutionary hypothesis, religious pluralism, spirituality, freedom, responsibility, exaltation needs, conscience and its role in life and changing beliefs. Humans and other things have been achieved, which shows the weakness of Frankel's view and the superiority of the Holy Quran's view.

A compensation system encompasses salaries, wages, and both monetary and non-monetary benefits. A fair payment system is structured based on job type, occupational competencies, official positions, and work improvement conditions. Since employee activities—recognized as the most critical organizational asset—are significantly linked to compensation structures, this study aims to explain the impact of distributive justice in the compensation system on employee efficiency from a Quranic perspective. Given the exploratory nature of this subject, the research employs a mixed-method approach. Initially, data were collected, and then elements and metrics were analyzed using qualitative methods and a theoretical framework. The findings demonstrate that the Quran addresses this subject beyond existing theories, emphasizing the integration of both material and spiritual foundations, components, and criteria that enhance employee efficiency. Accordingly, the discussion is categorized into individual priorities (such as commitment and equality) and organizational priorities (such as experience, proportionality, etc.). The final results indicate a direct and positive correlation between fair compensation distribution and employee efficiency. Achieving this goal necessitates the establishment of a comprehensive and just compensation system that aligns with Quranic principles.

The production of Quran-based humanities is something that lack of attention to will lead to the abandonment of the Holy Quran, the spread of secularism, the weakening of the foundations of the Islamic Revolution, the general deprivation of the saving teachings of the Holy Quran, and the forgetting of concepts from the Quran such as jihad and freedom - which have faded in contemporary culture. Any effort in this direction must be based on the foundations of Quranic knowledge and originate from within the Holy Quran. At the same time, if this inference is not made with a correct and systematic formulation, it will have unfortunate results. The present article seeks to answer the question by adopting a descriptive-analytical method as to what components should be considered in the context of inference from the Holy Quran so that the research achievements are based on a correct formulation of inference in line with the production of humanities. In this article, five components of a systematic approach to the Holy Quran, attention to the cultural development of the Holy Quran, attention to the status of Quranic traditions, attention to the capacity of the epistemological system of hadiths under the verses, and attention to the lives of the prophets are analyzed and introduced as pivotal elements in the formulation of inferences from the Holy Quran in the direction of producing humanities.

Humanities deal with human ideas and thoughts, and its ultimate goal is his spiritual and mental development, which in this sense is related to the goal of the prophets and their teachings. The Qur'an, as a miracle of the Prophet of Islam (S.A.W.), has a fundamental effect on the Islamization of humanities, reforming the lifestyle of humans and elite society. One of the strategies for developing the Islamic humanities and achieving new knowledge is to identify and localize interdisciplinary research methods and refine or combine them to contemplate and understand religious texts in a multifaceted way and efficiently. By using interdisciplinary research methods, it is possible to discover and identify verses related to the newly-emerged queries and provide logical and appropriate answers to new doubts of each era. The issue of creational preordainment and its relationship with Divine predestination is one of the challenging topics among Islamic scholars, in such a way that proponents of predestination always seek assistance from them to prove their theory, while in contrast another group tries to interpret the verses of creational preordainment in the Holy Qur'an. In this article, an attempt has been made with an interdisciplinary approach and using the research methods of "structural semantics" and "qualitative content analysis", to first identify the semantic network of the concept of "creational preordainment" in the Holy Qur'an, and then to extract its fundamental components by qualitatively analyzing their contents. The results of the research show that, firstly, the verses of the creational preordainment are stated with the aim of explaining the sovereignty and absolute power of God, secondly, its main themes are focused on the issue of life and death of creatures, and thirdly, this concept cannot express divine predestination in the matter of guiding and misguiding humans.