مفردات

The word "surah" has been one of the famous words in the Holy Quran and it is used in the verses that are challenged to one or ten surahs to prove the miracles of the Holy Quran and the mission of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). There is a difference between commentators and Quran researchers in the interpretation of the word "Surah" in the verses of the Holy Quran. Examining different views in this regard shows that in a general result, there are two main views in this field. Some of the words "Surah" in the Holy Quran have been considered to mean "an independent and sectarian part of the verses" and some have interpreted it as "a complete collection of verses beginning with Bismillah" [Complete surah].In the current research, using the library method, the documents of both views have been collected and by evaluating these evidences, it has been found that the documents of the interpretation of "Surah" meaning "a section and group of verses" are weak and do not have the power to prove the claim. . Based on this, the interpretation of this word in its usual meaning, i.e. "a complete collection of verses beginning with Bismillah", is considered the most suitable way.

Muslims consider the Qur'an to be a revelatory and authentic source for planning their lives; however, audience's non-authentic understanding and conceptions of the Qur'an in the fields of life have sometimes caused doubts. These doubts are sometimes the result of neglecting or ignoring the rules of understanding the Qur'an in the field of understanding vocabulary and not applying the rules of understanding vocabulary, and sometimes the result of incorrect use of these rules. Part of this damage is also to the planning of political life and the audience’s efforts to obtain the political teachings of the Qur'an to manage political life; In such a way that the non-application of these rules or their incorrect application has sometimes led to the presentation of incorrect political conception. Among the results of this research, it can be explained that: 1) The pathology of the existing political conceptionsy. 2) Religious system needs a valid understanding of the Qur'an in the field of social and political life. 3) From another point of view, by completing this type of research in different fields of literary rules and other rules, it is finally possible to reach a part of the comprehensive criteria of reviewing and criticizing and validating the political recommendations of other schools and evaluating or refining and rejecting and accepting them is provided.

Explaining the meanings of the words of Quran to understand the serious purpose of God in the verses of Quran, is common among Muslims in a way that vocabulary analysis can be considered an integral part of the Quranic interpretations. Martyr Motahhari is among those who in parts of his oral and written works in accordance with his audience, has studied some of the words of Quran and has organized them as an introduction to interpretative topics. The present article tries to study the ways of explaining the Quranic words in the collection of Martyr Motahhari's works to analyze his methods in explaining the words. The findings show that among the most important methods of explaining the words of the Quran in the works of martyr Motahhari include: paying attention to the root and derivation of the word, considering the rules of Arabic literature, examining some expressions of pre-Islamic Arabic, looking at synonyms, considering verses, using narratives and analyzing the evolution of the meaning of the word in modern idiomatic meanings. Using various sources, Professor Motahhari has not used a same method to explain the meaning of words, and in each word, he has chosen one or more methods, and in some cases has challenged the opinions of scholars.

The term “Ḥadīth”(حدیث) is of the commonly used vocabulary of the Holy Qur’an, and the term “Aḥādīth” (احادیث) also occurs in several verses and, of course, only in the form of two expressions of “Jaʻalnāhum Aḥādīth” (جعلناهم احادیث) and “Taʼwīl al-Aḥādīth” .(تاویل الاحادیث) Based on the literal analytical descriptive method, the present paper examined the two words “Ḥadīth” and “Aḥādīth” in Arabian culture and the Holy Qur’an and concluded that the word “Ḥadīth” does not mean absolute speech, but also it involves a speech containing an event or incident, found in all Qur’anic usages. The term “Aḥādīth” is also put originally as the analogical plural of the term “Uḥdūthah” (احدوثه, which means an event or incident that has been famous among people. In the Holy Qur’an, the expression “Jaʻalnāhum Aḥādīth” (جعلناهم احادیث), in negative context, refers to the torment of some nations and their transformation into well-known stories and tales, and the expression “Taʼwīl al-Aḥādīth” (تاویل الاحادیث)on contrary to the popular interpretation translating it into dreams, is intended for the end and outcome of events.

Some scholars believe that there is no synonym in the Qur'an. Accordingly, each word has a particular meaning in the sentence. It is therefore necessary to have a more accurate understanding of the Divine Word by researching the meaning of the words correctly. One word that has many meanings in the Holy Quran is the word “Ahd” (Testament), with its derivatives used 46 times in the Holy Quran and in the Bible about 300 times. In this study, the meaning of the word “Ahd” (testament) and its semantic circle in the Holy Qur'an are compared with its meaning in the Old Testament. The findings of this study indicate that the concept of “Ahd” (Testament) is not the same in the Quran and the old testaments, but there is a significant difference in this regard.

One of the topics that can be investigated when it comes to homonyms in Arabic relates the words denoting two opposite meanings, which are known as auto-antonyms. Some, both old and recent, scholars have supported the existence of such words in Arabic whereas some other scholars have denied the presence of such words or have considered them as limited. Since the presence of such words in the Holy Qur'an can lead to different interpretations of ayahs, it seems quite necessary to explore the interpretive roles of auto-antonyms. The current study, employing a descriptive-analytical approach, therefore, aims to investigate the theoretical approach of philologists regarding auto-antonyms and while introducing well-known auto-antonyms in books of antonyms, it explores their interpretive roles and lexical meanings. The results revealed that philologists have excluded a large number of such words from the lexicon of auto-antonyms for literal and lexical reasons. According to scholars and given the lexical and interpretive examination of such words in the Holy Qur'anic ayahs, it can be said that “the appearance of opposition in the meanings of auto-antonyms” is a phenomenon formed because of different factors, and attention to the function of the words in any given sentence as well as the context and register present in the discourse play key roles in grasping the meanings of such words.

'Messenger’ and 'Prophet' are among the key and frequently-used words which have been applied in the Holy verses with each other and separately as well. There has been raised different views among commentators whether these two words are synonym or they have different meaning? Some of these different views is Ahlul-Bayt(AS) interpretation theory by which linguistic background and a realistic look will present a new and different meaning about these two Quranic words. The semantic of 'messenger' and 'prophet' particularly is derived of literal meaning and a relation between these two words are absolutely 'general' and 'particular' in Ahlul-Bayt(AS) narrative commentary. According to Relatives of Prophet commentary theory, 'prophet' has preference on 'mesenger' and in terms of honesty it places after the instance of 'messenger'. The interpretation result of this theory is that there are some differences between 'prophet' and 'messenger' semantically in the verses in which 'prophet' has not mentioned as a mission of communicating messages. Comparative-analytic semantics of 'messenger' and 'prophet' by word, a prerequisite of interpretation view of Ahlul-Bayt(AS) will be discussed in the present research.

Understanding the literal meaning of words and realizing every single word of the verses of the Qur’an is one of the basic premises of understanding of the Qur’an and its interpretation. Due to its importance, many writings have been written on this subject since the beginning of Islam. But do we know prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H), and the infallible Imams are the first, best, and most authentic interpreters of the Qur’an and they have spoken occasionally in particular and sometimes on different events about the Qur’anic words. Therefore, referring to resources that have been collected traditions pertain to explanation and interpretation Qur’anic words would be effective and clarify the interpretation of the verses. In this article, the words “infallibility” and “piety” are cited as an example, and for the rest of the surah’s words, a summary of the article is given, and at the end of the article a summary of the examination of all the important surah’s words is given in a table.

Any language foremost is composed of words and words are one of the most important elements in conveying meaning and they have different diversities and levels in conveying this meaning. Quranic words are not the exception; therefore, to discover and to understand the different levels of conveying meaning (exterior and inner) by words, the Quran reader can be more aware of the meaning and the purpose of whom employing them.
In this article, based on the library study and reviewing the data and summing them we will try as much as possible, the appropriate response is given to the questions in the exterior meanings of the Quran as its result it becomes obvious that the exterior meanings of Quranic words, particularly, possess the various levels, but sometimes the certain levels of Quran, that include a derivative, functional, context, and so-called Islamic (sharia and the Quranic)

Prophet's Family (pbut) as his knowledge heirs plays an important role on Quran's explanation and there are a huge number of quotes that refers to them among which the words and terms are a considerable number. At first the quotes are mixed, but after a while with the importance of explanation and explanation's quotes, books written in this manner. Term's explanation is a huge amount of these books, and there are different types among different interpretation of Islam. By evaluating of the quotes from Prophet's family (pbut), it considered that there are different types like: apparent meaning, exampling, reconciling and paraphrasing. In this study, more than terms, it will talk about types of Quran's explanation.

This research examines the semantics of liqa'' Allah (meeting God) which is a mystical term in the Holy Quran. To this end، initially، we explicated the literal semantics of this word، as the main prerequisite in philology، then interpreted the related verses in the Qura''nic context and register based on the structure of surahs and verses and finally we clarified the proper meaning of the Qur''anic liqa'' Allah. We reached this conclusion that the term has been interpreted to have different meanings such as spiritual presence and inner intuition of God، the Glorious، divine reward and punishment، and meeting angels. All these meanings are appropriate in their positions، but according to the divine wisdom in the creation، it was concluded that the most suitable one is spiritual presence or inner intuition of God، which is believers-specific.

Aspects of the Quran means understanding the different meanings of a word in Quran. This knowledge deals with multiple meanings of words in the revealed tissue of the Quran. While none of the sources mention how to indicate the meaning so that its correctness or incorrectness function in the context of the verses be clear. This study intends to review whether the authors of aspects of the Quran and Qur''antranslators in Persian were right in express the meaning of the vocabulary or not. Criterion for validity of meanings is context of verses and valid interpretations. Some of the approaches show that the authors of aspects of the Quran are wrong in the derivation of word “Hada” in verses and translate «guidance» in the other verses as “invitation”. While the context of the verses shows the meaning beyond that. Also Persian translators did not explain the meaning of the words correctly and clearly.