واقعیت

According to the originality of existence, the fundamental reality lies in existence and the real base for all things is existence. The existing facts are divided into existential facts and essential facts. Since this division is a philosophical division, it must be rooted in reality. Among the words of sages, there are differences for how these two categories are realized; as viewing the nature to be the limit of existence or the mode of existence etc. Therefore, in this article, considering the importance of this division in philosophy, the truth of these criteria and the arguments that led to the expression of these differences have been investigated. The method of collecting information was librarian through data collection, and the writing and editing of the material was done using a descriptive-analytical method. The conclusion reached in this article by examining these evidences is that none of these criteria can represent a comprehensive criterion and an obstacle to express the correct and accurate difference between these two types. Because either the criteria are not correct and in accordance with the reality, or if they are correct, they cannot be a positive difference between these two types of reality. In other words, reasonable proofs and breach are against the proposed criteria, so none of them can be considered a precise philosophical criterion

According to the originality of existence, thevery actual reality is existence. So the reality of all the facts is based on existence. The existence-based facts are divided into existential facts and natural facts. Since this division is philosophical, it must be rooted in reality. Among the words of the sages, there are differences for how to realize these two parts. including that the nature is the limit of existence or the mode of existence and. Therefore, in this article, considering the importance of this division in philosophy, the validity of these criteria and the arguments that led to the expression of these differences have been examined. The method of collecting library information is through file scanning, and the writing and editing of the materials is done by descriptive-analytical method. The conclusion reached in this article by examining these evidences is that none of these criteria can represent a logical criterion to express the correct and accurate difference between these two types. Because either the criteria are not correct and in accordance with reality, or even given its correctness, they cannot be a positive difference between these two types of reality. In other words, the proposed criteria are faced with failure in reasons and breach in cases. Therefore, none of them can be considered a precise philosophical criterion.

The Holy Qur'an's educational teachings transcend time, offering guidance for humanity across all ages. This enduring relevance stems from the unwavering nature of human nature, which God possesses perfect knowledge of. For instance, humanity's inclination towards magic is rooted in a desire for deception and manipulation, manifesting in various forms throughout history, each tailored to its respective era. This paper delves into the fundamental parallels between magic and the contemporary phenomenon of "deepfakes". It then explores how the Qur'an's educational teachings on magic can be effectively applied to address the challenges posed by deepfakes. The findings reveal that each Qur'anic teaching against magic remains applicable in the face of deepfakes, requiring only contextual adaptation: Understanding the Mechanism of Deepfakes: Equivalents to learning the methods of magic would involve comprehending the software and mechanisms of artificial intelligence and deepfakes, enabling the development of countermeasures to neutralize and expose their deceptive nature. Recognizing the Malicious Intent of Deepfakes: Similar to discerning the evil aspects of magic, individuals must remain vigilant against the allure of deepfake products. Instead, they should focus on uncovering the underlying motives and agendas behind these creations. Prioritizing Reality over Virtual Illusion: Just as distancing oneself from the world of magic is crucial, individuals must exercise caution in the digital realm. This involves detaching from virtual environments and engaging with the tangible realities of human existence. Acknowledging God's Role in Human Transformation: While seeking to counteract deepfakes, individuals must recognize that true transformation stems from God's guidance

The symbols of the verses were used for the chapter of the poems from the very beginning of the revelation of the Qur’an. These signs were arranged in the form of every five or ten revealed verses, known as the signs of Khums and Ashar, which were organized in separate visual forms in each period. The purpose of the present study is to describe the visual features of the verses of the Qur’an of the Timurid religion of the Holy Threshold Museum of Qom and also to classify the verses. The present article has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner, and the materials have been collected concerning documents and library materials. Therefore, this research is organized around two main questions: What are the visual components of the religious verses of the mentioned Qur’ans? How is the dominant visual form and structure in the sign of the chapter of the verses arranged? The achievements of this research show that the symptoms of Khums-Ashar mean five and ten poems, which in addition to indicating the gradual revelation of poetry, also makes it easier for readers to read. The signs of the verses are single verses, decorative, khums, and tithes. These symbols are engraved in the form of sun and bergamot, and decorations such as Islamic and Khatai motifs are used. Verses are marked in the form of “visual-decorative” signs and “letters and phrases.”

Documentation indicates the preparation and registration of documents are for acquiring information, raising awareness, and discovering facts of various historic assets of a society, a culture, or an ecosystem. Records show the evolution of events and humans’ nature are compelling in showing belief in audiences. Into the film medium has tried to rallying and impress the audience with various approaches, including political, propaganda, social and cultural of this feature. Hence filmmakers both at fiction cinema or documentary film used indexes of documentary films to show the accurate indicator of their movies, and their fiction and distorted works have shown reality and make showing documentation rather than documentation. The main issue of this paper is to analyze reality and the perception of reality. The research method is descriptive and qualitative, and it aims to reveal the primary nature of showing documentation and its impact in experimental cinema.

One of the harms of religious thought in Islamic society is the design of the humanities based on Western philosophical principles. The way to deal with this damage is to raise the fundamental issues of Islamic thought and compare it with contemporary and influential ideas in Western societies on new issues that have been considered in the field of epistemology. To this end, the present study, while introducing the epistemological foundations of Sadra's wisdom and critical realism, tries to evaluate critical realism in explaining reality based on the findings of Sadra's wisdom and seeks to answer this question. Is it possible for critical realism to have a correct explanation of reality based on its epistemological foundations? Therefore, this study, being library-based and using a descriptive-analytical research method, finally concludes that critical realism, after distinguishing between the necessary object of knowledge (what exists) and the transitive object of knowledge (what we can know), with the reduction of the field of science to its transcendental object, as well as with the reduction of the internal content of knowledge to its social dimensions, has suffered from cognitive difficulties and has still failed to explain reality. Whereas Mulla Sadra in his transcendent wisdom, unlike critical realism, does not return the designations of knowledge entirely to its social dimensions, but also discusses the designations and existential dimensions of science. And he considers the truths of the world to be rational matters, that what is perceived outside the senses is the descent of those truths perceived by the intellect.

Among the most fundamental and important methodological problems being in close relation with epistemology consists in the problem that what the part of paradigms, namely principles, in knowledge and attaining reality is. May one paradigm be regarded as superior to some other paradigm(s) to be preferred? In the paper, therefore, with an emphasis on irrationality of the teaching of framework, the distinction between mental frame and principles as well as their qualities have been studied. Again, possibility for agreeing with paradigms meant by the meaning of principles has been surveyed; in addition, the part of such a meaning of paradigm in appearance of knowledge and attaining reality has been made clear. Finally, all types of paradigm has been studied. As concluded in the study, from each principle, some view appropriate to itself would appear. Principles, particularly those of epistemology, are of considerable part in theories. Would such a multiplicity lead to a kind of skepticism in methodology of sciences? If any, what method may be preferred? The study has ended with an attempt to find a solution for the question.

Realism is considered as one of the important issues in epistemological arguments. Realism principle is such an important issue that Islam has based its invitation on it; that is, it wants a human being to act upon the tasks, turned over to him/her in the light of realism, through true understanding of verses of human life and horizons. Notwithstanding continuous recommendation to be a realist, human being usually does not care about it. Also, obstacles such as illusion, neglect, ignorance, sensual desires, and commitment of sin cause misunderstanding of realities. Thus, for the human to obey Allah’s commands and true understanding of phenomena, firstly s/he must keep away from these obstacles and secondly, should be engaged in the elements which help this instinctive talent to be materialized; among which rationality, belief in God, belief in resurrection, and piety can be mentioned. This article adopting a descriptive-analytical method tries to recognize realism’s obstacles and affecting elements and also howness of their performance after addressing realism in viewpoint of the Quran and Hadith.

One of the strongest argument suggested for the existence of God is argument from contingency (Borhan al-Emkan Va al-Vojoub) which is called also argument from existence (Borhan al-Vojoud) and Avecinna’s Seddighin argument. This argument has been formulated in two ways: first one relies on acceptance of the reality or existence regardless of considering it as a contingent. And second one depends on existence of contingents. In the first account, existence of necessary existence is proved by consideration of existence of reality (existence), in the second account, existence of necessary existence is established by consideration of existence of contingents. Many interpretations suggested from each of the two accounts of the argument from contingency. Some of the first accounts, depend on impossibility of circle and regress and some do not rely on. The second account of the argument from contingency has been explained in different ways. As well as Suhrawardi has special interpretation of it. One of the subjects concerning this argument is whether it is demonstration from cause to effect or from effect to cause. As well as many objections provided against this argument and Muslim thinkers have replied them. These subjects and discussions have been explained and analyzed in this article.