radial network

Semantics, a branch of cognitive linguistics, puts forward new views regarding the meaning of words and focuses on the semantics of the text. This attitude is not in line with absolute relativism and the complete determination of meaning in the context of words. The radial network theory, which examines the semantic widening or systematic polysemy according to the categorization model, has identified a focal member from a lexical entry, known as prototype, that all the meanings of that word have a systematic relationship with that. Since the discourse that governs Nahj al-Balagha has significant dynamics and flexibility, this new method of semantics can be applied to this text. Therefore, the present study, by studying synchronicity, using a descriptive approach and relying on linguistic context, tries to draw the semantic development of the sensory verb "view" in the framework of the radial network in a certain period. The result shows that the meaning of "visual understanding; looking by the eye" is a prototype of this linguistic form. This word, and its other morphological derivatives, find a semantic expansion in the linguistic context of Nahj al-Balagha according to collocations, and its greatest extent has been in abstract concepts and virtual widening. Regarding the semantic expansion of the sensory verb "view", in addition to the sensory, educational concepts of obeying and experiencing, Imam has paid special attention to the cognitive verbs. Besides, the semantic widening of this linguistic form in the concept of "paying attention" has the most elastic meaning.

The existence of a word in several semantic domains has caused many readers and listeners when encountering this type of words to have difficulty in understanding the meaning of the message and may have a perception contrary to the intention of the speaker. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize the main meaning or meanings of these words and their secondary and practical meanings by using semantic methods. Descriptive-analytical to analyze this root, to recognize its primary and main meaning using the theoretical foundations of semantic knowledge; Then, using the polysemous branch, analyze the factors of its development and semantic expansion. The result of this research is that the first meaning of dawn as the meaning of the head was in accordance with the appearance of luminous objects; But due to the change in adaptation, the active region and the highlighting of some elements of the meaning of the head, it has acquired new concepts such as overcoming, becoming aware, vomiting, filling / filling, and so on.

Radial network theory is one of the important theories in cognitive semantics. According to this theory, first, meaning of words (Serat, Sabil, Tariq) is discussed in order to find their central meaning; Then connecting will be examined their concepts with the development of concepts in the radial network.The radial network indicates that each word can have a different meaning related to its central meaning in different speech contexts. Semantic development is also analyzed in the relationship of coexistence, conceptual metaphor and image schemas.The present researcher tries to deal with the semantics of Quranic words (sarat, sebil, tariq) with a cognitive approach and relying on the descriptive-analytical method with the radial network theory. From this research, according to the conceptual metaphor and image schemas, it is obtained that tangible things are expressed as the origin for intangible spiritual things as the destination, so that man understands spiritual things better in the form of tangible things and uses From the radial network, it can be inferred that God, taking into account the various conditions and situations of man, puts the message in the center of attention according to the knowledge and understanding of human.

Polysemy has had a special place among translators and interpreters from the far past. Analyzing semantic relations, including polysemy, is also important among linguists. Understanding the Qur’an requires understanding its various components. If the semantic relations of Qur’anic concepts are ignored, the understanding of the Qur’an will be incomplete because of being linear and partial. But understanding the semantic relations of the Qur’an based on radial networks and Qur’anic phenomena and concepts provides readers of the Qur’an with a holistic and process-like understanding. The present study aimed to study the radial network of the word "Qara'a" in all surahs taking a social cognitive approach. As a result, the usage of the radial meanings and the prototypical meaning of the aforementioned word were examined in two translations of the Qur’an by Fooladvand and Elahi Ghomshei. To this end, first, different meanings of Qara'a in three important dictionaries namely Farhang Abjadi Alefbaee Arabi Farsi, the Full Translation of Almonjad Alabjadi, Ghamous-e Qur’an, and Tarjomeh Va Tahghigh-e Mofradat Alfaz-e Qur’an Ba Tafsire Loghavi Va Adabi Qur’an, were obtained. In the next step to determine the radial meanings and the prototypical meaning of the word under study, Tyler and Evans (2003)’s criteria including confirmation of meaning, predominance in meaning network, being used in combined constructions, and grammatical prediction were used. In the final stage, how radial meanings are derived from the prototypical meaning was explained. The analysis showed that devices such as metaphorical expansion and image schema play the main role in expanding the prototypical meaning of the word "Qara'a". Meanwhile, metaphorical expansion plays the main role in expanding the prototypical meaning. Additionally, it was found that variation in finding equivalents for the word "Qara'a" based on the radial meanings and the prototypical meaning is very low and restricted.