روش شناسی علمی

Science is an objective method to study the world. therefore, it has to be, in principle, independent from any type of subjective judgments and preferences. Aesthetics, judgment, on the contrary, is based on subjective tastes. this is the reason why foe a long period of time philosophers believes that there can be no relation between science and aesthetics. logical positivists, for instance, held the claim that scientific propositions directly imply to the objects and events of the world. Reichnbach said even if aesthetic sense were to be proved to have a role in this or that particular scientist's creativity, yet what is finally important for scientific methodology is the objective justification of a theory. i.e. the way a theory or a set of scientific propositions imply to the objects and events of the world. However, in recent decades, there has been a shift in the point of view of philosophers of science. and the relationship between aesthetics and science has become an attractive and serious subject for the field. The main goal of this research is to survey the relationship between aesthetics and science through both scientist's and philosopher's point of view. we take this survey in five levels: practical, methodological, production, thematic, and explanatory level.

Although Popper admits that in arriving at some of his proposals، he has been guided by value judgments and predilections، according to his own statements، it does not mean that he has made the same mistake of which he has accused the positivists through discussing the role of value-judgments in popper’s philosophy of science، It is argued here that value judgment’s influence on popper’s scientific methodology is further than his own admission. It seems to me، there are two important points in Popperian methodology، which are open to influx of values: the conventionalizing process of methodological rules; and the decision making process of basic statements. Upon the analyses of these two processes، following conclusions are drawn out that ‘scientists qua scientist make value-judgment’، and ‘Popper as a philosopher of science، makes value-judgment’.