زیبا شناسی

Science is an objective method to study the world. therefore, it has to be, in principle, independent from any type of subjective judgments and preferences. Aesthetics, judgment, on the contrary, is based on subjective tastes. this is the reason why foe a long period of time philosophers believes that there can be no relation between science and aesthetics. logical positivists, for instance, held the claim that scientific propositions directly imply to the objects and events of the world. Reichnbach said even if aesthetic sense were to be proved to have a role in this or that particular scientist's creativity, yet what is finally important for scientific methodology is the objective justification of a theory. i.e. the way a theory or a set of scientific propositions imply to the objects and events of the world. However, in recent decades, there has been a shift in the point of view of philosophers of science. and the relationship between aesthetics and science has become an attractive and serious subject for the field. The main goal of this research is to survey the relationship between aesthetics and science through both scientist's and philosopher's point of view. we take this survey in five levels: practical, methodological, production, thematic, and explanatory level.

Imam Khomeini and Allameh Jafari are two contemporary Islamic philosophers who have similarities and disagreements about beauty and art. The views of Imam are subject to the principles of transcendent philosophy and, in some cases, are in accordance with the foundations of their theoretical mysticism, which considers beauty as existence of Principiality and intensification and Like Hafez and Sa'adi, he extends the scope of art to all beings and even human actions and moral virtues. But Allameh's views are oriented toward Western philosophy in the first due to the attention to the subjective mindset in aesthetics and the second to Monopoly of art in fine arts. Allameh used the transcendent philosophy in explaining how the perceptions and criteria of aestheticians' judgment were used But this criterion seems to be effective only for intelligible beauties Therefore, in this research, based on the opinions of Imam Khomeini, the view of Allameh is criticized in formal and extra intellectual beauties. Another topic of this research is the division of art from Allama's point of view, which is one of the new issues in Islamic aesthetics, which can not

Kant differentiates between reflective and constitutive judgment explaining them in two teleological and aesthetic spheres. The judgment, in general, is a faculty which considers particular objects beneath universal law. If the niversal law has been given as priori, the judgment will be constitutive. If particulars are given and its universal law must be found, the judgment will be reflective. He tries to explain that as the faculty of understanding has its own priori principles, he also endeavors to figure out the priori principles for the judgment. The priori principle of reflective judgment is the intrinsic purpose of the nature.