globalization

Globalization diminishes political and economic borders, expands communication and increases the interaction of cultures. One of the most important areas that is proposed in the topic of globalization is the relationship between religion and globalization. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of globalization in the Shia school and its effects and consequences in the religious belief of the Shia Islamic society. The research method of this research is in terms of practical purpose, in terms of cross-sectional time and descriptive-survey type, and it was carried out in 1402, and the collection tool is a combination of two questionnaires, Bawar Dini Najafi (1385) and made by the researcher. The researcher's questionnaire has been organized according to the conducted research and taking into account the challenges and opportunities in the field of globalization and religious, social, cultural and political works. The statistical population includes 158 users of social networks. KMO and Bartlett tests and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used to measure the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Therefore, the validity of the researcher's questionnaire is equal to 0.782, religious belief is equal to 0.762, and its reliability with Cronbach's alpha is equal to 0.975. The findings show that globalization causes the effect of the existence of God and its effective role on human life, the authority of the Shia religion, and causes the unity of nations and the establishment of justice. Also, one of the bad effects of globalization in the Shiite school is the entry of Western culture and luxury into the country, the use of social networks and the bad effect on the social behavior of Shiites. Also, there is a significant positive relationship between the phenomenon of globalization in Shia school and Shia Islamic religious belief (p<0.01)..

In economic literature, corruption is defined as the abuse of public power for personal gain. From this point of view, the importance of the issue of globalization on one hand and the spread of corruption on the other hand, makes the need to examine the relationship between these two variables more prominent. One of the areas affected by globalization is ethics, which plays an important role in the social sphere of society. In this research, an attempt has been made to study and prove the relationship between globalization with a general and partial scale including economic, social and political globalization and moral corruption in Iran.

The current research method is applied and data collection and analysis is correlational. The statistical population used in this research is the Globalization Index from the Swiss KOF Economic Institute and Iran's Moral Corruption Index from the Transparency International Organization, and the research sample of these statistics was collected during the years 2003 to 2022. Wavelet and neural network approaches have been used to measure the relationship between globalization and corruption perception index.

The results showed that, at first, there is a relatively high dependence in high frequencies during the beginning and end of the investigated period between these two indices and the two indices are out of phase. Also, in the medium term, the intensity of coherence has decreased, and again in the long term, with a decrease in frequency, the degree of dependence between these two indicators has increased, and globalization as a leading indicator has an effect on moral corruption in Iran, and it shows that in the long term, globalization will have parallel effects with corruption.

According to the estimate, it was found that globalization as a leading indicator affects moral corruption in Iran and it shows that in the long-term globalization will have the same phase effects with corruption and this can lead to a decrease in the efficiency of economic and social foundations. and become political in the country and ruin the society and can cause moral hazards.

The materialistic and mono-material view of the world and man may be the solution to the material problems of man in the present element, but there will be additional problems in the field of meaning and giving meaning to life, which is far more problematic than material deficiencies, so that the crisis It creates a bigger one called "crisis of meaning". Because the advancement of technology takes the world towards becoming a global unit and brings it to globalization, and this issue changes and transforms the society with the light of spatial distances, cultures and identity, which results in the confusion of modern man. On the other hand, a careful examination of the holy texts in religions indicates that all religions, both monotheistic and non-monotheistic, have the motivation and mission of globalization in the content of their teachings, and this globalization of religions is different from the globalization of modernity, which The saviorism component creates a hopeful view of the future. So paying attention to saviorism and focusing on this thought has an influential role in facing the crisis of the meaning of the modern era and draws a bright future for humanity. But only a hopeful look at the future is not enough and it requires a proper examination of the belief in saviorism in order to prepare the foundations for the globalization of religions with a correct understanding of this issue and prepare the ground for the emergence of the savior of the end of time.

Practical theology can be considered as a kind of practical and functional expansion of theological teachings or something derived from theology in human life. The present article, considering the general meaning of theology, addresses some of the challenges facing practical theology. The first challenge: human expectation of religion. It is according to the widespread expectation of religion that theology can enter the realm of society and social institutions. By a minimum expectation from religion, the role of theology will not be so prominent. The second challenge: tradition and modernity. In the traditional era and with a traditional attitude, some social institutions have been closely related to religion and theology, but in the modern attitude and era, the social or organizational role of theology is often relegated to new institutions from the new sciences and the modern world. Hence, in the modern age and with a modern attitude, practical theology is accused of a nostalgic and passive attitude. The third challenge: confiscation of practical theology by the official clergy. The history of religion and theology shows that the official and governmental clergy, with an exclusive and totalitarian approach, has been able to confiscate religion and theology in their favor and in order to increase power, wealth, and social influence. Although this confiscation has occasionally led to the public and social interest, it seems that the corruption caused by this confiscation is more than its interest. The fourth challenge: globalization. Due to the process of globalization, the importance and necessity of global theology have increased. Hence, practical theology, without overcoming religious fundamentalism and exclusivism, cannot solve global problems. The success and development of practical theology depend on the theoretical and practical response to the aforementioned challenges; Challenges that have endangered not only theology but also religion itself.

The European Unionhas faced many challenges in recent years such as Brexit. There have been various analyses about the UK parliament's decision to leave European Union (Brexit) since the referendum of 2016. Most analyses emphasize on the consequences of inequalities arising from political economics, globalization, European integration and the problem of migrants. But this study believes that the advent of neo-nationalism in Britain has something to do with the Brexit. Historical roots and cultural and identity heritages are essential variables in Brexit, which most analyses ignore them. This paper deals with the supposition of neo-nationalism in the UK and based on this assumption answers this question: Which factors have an effect on the advent of neo-nationalism supposition in the UK? The hypothesis this study tries to make it intersubjective is that economic crises, immigration and social and economic gaps arising from globalization, having highlighted the identity bonds and historical – cultural heritage among social forces, lead to the advent of neo-nationalism in Europe and the representation of it against unionism. The method used in this paper involves explanation of neo-nationalism and then clarifying the factors leading to the supposition of nationalism in the UK.

"Globalization" has transformed many of the key traditional concepts of politics. One of these concepts is "democracy". Given the changes that have taken place in the age of globalization, Held and Habermas have tried to replace the models of "cosmopolitan democracy" and "Deliberative democracy" with liberal democracy respectively. The purpose of this paper is to show the efforts of Habermas and Held to replace their proposed model with the model of liberal democracy. Habermas describes his proposed model of democracy by relying on the three systems of "government", "economy" and "the lifeword". But Held does this by rebuilding the current world order. The findings of this article indicate that the efforts of both thinkers to achieve the desired goal have not been successful. The main reason for this failure is the conservatism of Held's intellectual structure, and consequently desire to maintain the status quo on the one hand, and Habermas' overly optimistic view of consensus and rationalism on the other. This article is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and content, and the required data has been obtained through library methods.

The current global economic governance is dominated by the ideology of neoliberalism and contemporary globalization has been driven by neoliberal ideas. Neoliberalism has been severely criticized from different types of perspectives. In this article, the question is related to the major devastating consequences of neoliberalism from perspectives of critical theory. This article argues that neoliberal capitalism has expanded the relationships based on domination and repression in the current world.

In this paper, the impact of globalization on the conflict of laws from the perspective of ethics has been examined. Globalization as an existing fact has replaced many works in different sciences and trends. In the field of law science, globalization has also affected the conflict of laws in three categories. First, in terms of material (material), globalization has implicated itself in the uniformization of laws, which is being implemented by international organizations, model laws, and international conventions. In the second category, the rules of conflict resolution, where there is no possibility of uniformity of the rules of law for some reason, globalization has shown its impact by trying to unify the rules of conflict resolution. In this regard, and given the mutual effects of globalization And ethics on one another, considering ethical standards as one of the commons of human societies, can greatly leave its traces. Ultimately, barriers to the implementation of foreign law, such as public order, good morals and fraud to the law, are also limited by globalization and the possibility of extending the implementation of foreign law.

In the idea of interacting with the United States, globalization is considered as a spontaneous phenomenon which is accelerated by the great powers. Progress and welfare are achieved through being part of the global village and globalization. Each country benefits from globalization if it can prove its convergence with the global system. Globalization demands changes in economic, political and cultural structures. In the process of the integration of the global economy, capital is likely to go towards those areas of the world that meet the standards of global order. Major criteria for the global order are as follows: abandoning tension with Israel, reducing the power of the traditional part of the sovereignty, separating religion from politics, reducing military costs, and resigning from the leadership of the South. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the present article seeks to explicate the view of interaction with the United States and criticize it.

"Globalization" is an undeniable phenomenon in today's world and is associated with ever-increasing human progress, especially in the fields of science, technology, communications, information, transport, and the like. "Globalization" has been facing significant challenges in recent decades, in spite of its undeniable impact on all aspects of human life. Among the challenges before the globalization, which itself includes internal and external challenges, the phenomenon of "Islamic awakening" is of particular importance. This study intends to investigate globalization through a descriptive-analytical method. Therefore, we will divide it into factors, content, goals, methods and means, to enable us to answer this question that, what challenges will make the "Islamic awakening" phenomenon for the globalization?

Globalization is an inevitable trend that has commenced since the 19th century and nowadays it is one of the most controversial topics in the world; a phenomenon that plays a critical role in economic, social and cultural decisions and activities of people and has minimized the borders. Primarily, this process has been successful in the area of economy and gradually has been extended to the other areas. However, some believe that globalization has destructed the cultural identity and native cultures and others decline this belief and claim that globalization in its nature maintains and strengthens the culture. This study aims at analyzing the process of globalization, culture and its effect on the cultural identity and education and training in six cultural issues: the features of globalization, globalization and the emergence of multiple identities, cultural identity crisis and its harms, cultural globalization`s common threats and opportunities, the views of pros and cons of education and training globalization, education and training globalization`s common threats and opportunities.

Affected by three major gaps, Iranians’ cultural identity may gradually lose its identity. These gaps include the ideological gap, the behavioral gap and the situational gap. The present paper seeks to analyze each of these gaps and explain their causes. The results indicate that the two factors of diversity of identity sources and different interpretations of them lead to ideological gap in cultural identity. Factors such as Formalism, amoralism and following false expediency, worldliness, quantity-seeking, politicization, spread of corruption, seduction and etc. prepare the grounds for behavioral gaps in cultural identity; and the two factors of modernity and globalization result in situational gaps in the cultural identity.

Having dominated the media, the West claims that globalism is prevailing and keeps getting ahead in this regard. However, there are fundamental differences between Islam and the West in their definition of this concept. Different ideas are introduced by Islam and the West about the nature of the universe, man, goal and religion. Basically, religion in the western culture lacks comprehensiveness and it does not consider social and political matters related to religion. Therefore, according to the intellectual and practical principles of the West, the religion cannot be referred to when the issues of globalization and global village are discussed. Using an analytical - descriptive method, this paper seeks to bring out the differences between Islam and the West regarding the fundamentals, goals, principles, strategies, rules and practical measures for resolving the problems of the universe and man. The aim of western globalism is to give rise to the secularism, materialism, profit-centeredness and welfare-demanding but the Islamic type of globalism is intended to achieve sublimity and man's prosperity on material and spiritual levels.

The present research aims at criticizing and analyzing the consequences of economic view toward knowledge in the process of globalization and changes of the concept of knowledge, university and research from training point of view. The changes in the concept of knowledge, university and research of knowledge are analyzed based on economic view in globalization. The results of the research indicate that excessive emphasis on economic advantages of knowledge will disturb the balance of the training and critical relation between university –student on behalf of forced economic relation between university-knowledge and brings the former one under the shadow of the latter. The results of the present survey also anticipate the decrease in the growth of knowledge research human balance as long as economic view toward knowledge is existed beside the growth of human as the balance of development and entrepreneurship. The author of the article concludes Islamic training and Islamic university is based on spiritual values such as research and knowledge and is not necessarily in accordance with globalization requirements in connection with knowledge production and mere materialistic and economic views.

Globalization has today removed many of the spacio-temporal borders between societies and cultures. In the Islamic culture، Islamic education is a central concept which is undeniably tied with the issue of globalization. Some researchers see globalization and becoming global as synonymous. This study uses a descriptive framework to define the tow concepts and to show their relationships with Islamic education in three dimensions: First، Globalization can be an end for Islamic education or it can be part of it in the process of becoming global. Second، Islamic education can be paradoxically opposed to globalization، differing with it in nature in spite of similarities. Third، globalization can be a threat for becoming global and Islamic education can be a threat as well، resulting in a gap in values. Having discussed the present issues، this paper offers suggestions for making religious education effective.

Issues of technology besides of a lot of things in the philosophy, including Interdisciplinary philosophy that from second half of the twentieth century onwards is due to being to answer questions of a major branch came into existence. The first of the relationship between philosophy and the philosophy of technology is to reveal its technology. This point was considered in the sense that earlier philosophers speak about technologym how and in what way, and what a qualified opinion on technology analytic features. Martin Heidegger's most important thinker who spoke about technology and isolate reflection and contemplation about the technology in this case and the ratio between these two areas has been the subject of his philosophical thought.Approaches that are stronger are devastating urban.Means by using the core technology to achieve an ideal society, or refer to it as a factor to be considered for disappear human individuality.First of all, Since the phenomenology, what is the stage, in the light of cause and effect is obvious, in the light of God can be reduced to a mere subjective because no room for God in nature as the source of all other causes have not. Secondly, according to conventional thinking, technology and development tools that will lead us to utopia, but seem to enter to destroyed urban.Destroyed urban that man stand in front of God and know every thing is centered and Thirdly,with technology as a process of Theism within the context of globalization comes out and is compatible is compatible interacation.

Islamic Civilization is a subject with great importance، not only concerned with the identity of the Islamic world but also can be an effective factor in establishing it in the time when the Western Civilization beholds nothing equal to itself. But finding ups and downs occurred in the Western Civilization and how important this ups and downs is، are problems that can be a subject for research. Besides، in the discussion of the scientific and social developments in the human history، usually three periods are considered as criterions، that are Hellenic Ages، Middle Ages، and New Age; but this historical division includes mostly the scientific and social history of Europe and the West. This article discusses scientifically how to consider certain periods for the Islamic Civilization as well as its ups and downs during five great historical changes from various points of view. Two of these five periods studied in this article are the decadence and three of them are the exaltation of the Islamic civilization. Now we are in the third period of exaltation and the fifth step of development of the Islamic civilization. It can be a multilateral critical and comparative look at the history and development of the Islamic Civilization as compared with those of the Western Civilization.

If globalization means viewing the world as a whole and all people are members of one human society, then Islamic globalization means observing the world as a single entity and being God's servants the people are members of one big community. This view of man and world helps to crystalize the constituents of Islamic globalization which is the subject of inquiry of the present paper which uses an analytical-deductive method. It briefly explains the relationship between Islam and globalization from western scholar's viewpoint and then, pointing to the theoretical principals of the western type of globalization, it points out to the advantages of Islamic globalization represented in a number of constituents, including idealism, monotheism-centredness, emphasis on innate nature, justice seeking, ijtihad–orientation, tendency to knowledge, belief in one global government, invitation-centredness and tendency to jihad.

Though democracy enjoys such a lofty status in the contemporary world that many people think of it as a certain and evident thing، theory of democracy and its standards have been faced by challenging critiques. The main origin of critical approach towards democracy should be sought for in the ancient Greece time. As a matter of fact، since the very beginning in the ancient time، the nature of democracy have been faced by problems and crises by which democracies in our time are faced as well. Brief rereading of some critical considerations concerning democracy in an analytic-descriptive methodology and explanation of challenges facing it are the main objective of the present article. According to the findings of the present research، cognitive interaction between equality and liberty، two conflicting dimensions of democracy، democracy puzzle، and the phenomenon of globalization are the main challenges by which the theory of democracy is faced.