hermeneutical phenomenology

Heidegger holds that, although Western philosophy begins with an inquisition of the meaning of Being as the purpose of Metaphysics, at the time, perverted by Plato, and the history of forgetting Being begins from that time. According to Heidegger, the crisis of European sciences and the death of meaning is caused by ontological nihilism. It initiates from the metaphysical dualism that has occurred during centuries of philosophizing due to the disregard of the concept of Being and the obfuscation of this most fundamental thing. Heidegger conceives that with hermeneutical and phenomenological analysis of Dasein as the primary habitat in which the first and most fundamental problem of philosophy, What is Metaphysics?, has become a new way of philosophizing, before the thinkers of the epoch to get rid of this "great desert that Every day expands" (Nietzsche's famous expression, which Heidegger analyzed in the book What is Metaphysics?). This inquiry attempts to examine the characteristics and goals of Heidegger's hermeneutical phenomenology in the criticism of previous philosophies and in line with fundamental ontology, which is a drawing for understanding Being.

Helmuth Plessner, beside Max Scheler and Arnold Gehlen, is known as one of the great founders of new philosophical anthropology movement. From among new anthropological theories, however, perhaps none has recently come to the center of attention and begun to flourish more than Plessner’s, not only in the field of philosophical anthropology, but also in science and technology. The ground for such a so-called “Plessner Renaissance” shall be immediately known in this article, once the special place Plessner’s theory occupies in both the prominent contemporary explanatory paradigms, in general, and philosophical-anthropological theories, in particular, is specified. In doing so, Plessner’s philosophical contribution is determined as: A non-reductive naturalistic explanatory paradigm as a middle ground between new Darwinism, social-cultural-historical constructivism, and naive transcendentalism. A phenomenological-hermeneutical account of the biological life, in general. A biological-based transformational philosophical anthropology, in particular. The focus of the present article is on Plessner’s contribution to the philosophy of biology as well as philosophical anthropology.

Main issue in Heideger philosophy is existence .in his theory, exestionology (ontology)after platoon and Aristotle has been forgotten and replace with epistemology. Inattention or having no regard to truth meaning of existence and paying attention or focusing on existent(extant, creature) and its essence has raise uncomfortable feeling in Heidegger, and made hem to construct its philosophical axes on existionology and employing mush effort to going beyond the perception of existence and reaching to the subjective and adjunctive meaning. Hidiger to fulfillment of this purpose was looking for a way or solution to cognition of existence. So he focus his attention on humanity(human being) because , from his points of views , human being is only creature that is of ability of question about existence and is only visibility(creature) who made other visible (creatures) meaningful. in this line with, Heidegger start his existionology with existentialanalys is of human and his going to illustrate existential specifications and statesof human. so requisite of this cogitation of existence is existential analysis that guider to hermeneutic. From Heidegger opinion, Phenomenology is way of return to existence and he regard or look hermeneutic as existential aspect of human and a method for ontology problem. Since exestionology (ontology)must be looking for finding of existence by hermeneutic phenomenology of human being, so we find the depending of existionology.