moral theology

The common and ultimate goal of Abrahamic Religions is the flourishing of moral virtues, among the most important of these virtues is reducing selfishness and arrogance, and deepening and promoting humility before creatures and their Creator. One of the characteristics of Christians according to the Holy Quran is their humility. From the point of view of Christians, the character of humility in the human heart is the cause and result of deep and lasting peace of mind, love of God and people, compassion and kindness towards everyone, while pride is one of the seven major sins and plays a unique role in the causal chain of sins. A study of humility in the New Testament in this paper shows that there is a deep dialectical relationship between the Christian belief foundations in the fields of theology, ontology, Christology and anthropology with behavioural patterns of Christian ethics. With descriptive and analytical methods, this article deals with the extent and range of examples and foundations of humility in the three: cognitive, emotional and behavioural dimensions in the New Testament and reviews the model of humility in the chain of Christian ethics.

Kant's critical philosophy relies on certain fundamentals of practical reason, such as the immortality of the soul, the existence of God, and, most importantly, the supreme good as the ultimate objective of morality, encompassing virtue and happiness as its two key components. This perspective has led to the perception of absolute reductionism in Kant's philosophy. According to this view, Kant appears to reduce religion entirely to morality, advocating solely for its moral dimension while deeming other aspects and dimensions as redundant. In a more moderate form, Kant's philosophy faces explanatory reductionism, explaining religion solely in terms of morality. However, this paper argues that Kant, through various forms of reductionism, posits that while religion is an essential component that complements the ultimate goal of morality, he also acknowledges that religion holds a position beyond the ethical realm. As a result, both the complete reduction of religion to morality and the explanatory reduction of religion as morality are not without challenges in interpreting Kant's philosophy.

The field of religion is divided into dogmatic and moral theology in Catholic encyclopedia. Dogmatic theology refers to theoretical issues and moral theology refers to practical issues. The duty of this theology is to design moral and religious problems for practical field of human. Today, moral theology is subcategory of practical theology. Practical theology framed as a whole and mixed with human life. Although this theology is related to historical experience of Christianity, the central core, in one hand, activates the capacities of practical theology in contemporary human life and in another hand, challenges secularism in management of life which is common in all Abrahamic religions. If moral theology has ideas about human relations and human free acts against God and talks about instruments which we are bestowed to reach to goals, in field of Islam we have ethics and jurisprudence as moral theology in Islam if they are logically reviewed and considered according to life’s need. The benefit of this theology is to rectify the judgments, to strengthen the power of analysis and specification of decree, and the ways to materialize religions goals.