the necessity being

An acceptable conditional in Avicennian logic can be categorized in one of the four quantified formats. After the advent of modern logic, few attempts have been made to form conditionals in the modern logic language. Formation of a singular necessity conditional was an important issue that has been revealed in these attempts. The relationship between antecedent and consequence in this type of conjunctive conditionals can be introduced by a conditional or conjunctive connective. In this paper, through studying different traditional texts of Avicennian logic, we provide evidences that each one of these connectives can be selected. We found these evidences in mode of expression of arguments, paradoxes, and differences in this tradition. Therefore, selecting only one of the connectives to show the nature of relationship between antecedent and consequence in the singular necessity conditional will result in ignoring some of the evidences.

In this paper, I will try to present a comparative examination of Avicenna’s and Mullā Sadrā’s views of analyzing the concept of the Necessary Being. According to Avicenna, “the Necessary Being” is an entity which is Pure Being, but according to Mullā Sadrā, Necessity of Being requires that the existent besides being real and not having conditional mode and accidental intermediary has not causative mode. According to the separability of these two modes, the Necessary Being is a being which is both “by-itself” and “for-itself”; hence, Mullā Sadrā considers these two qualifications in his definition of the Necessary Being. Therefore, the arguments of the two philosophers for Necessary Being will be different.