سند

The Holy Quran is a book the audience of which are the people of all times. Behind this eternity are the concepts of Implementation and adaptation. By means of these concepts, the active role of Quran throughout the history becomes evident. Therefore, the use of these concepts in comparative narrative exegesis of Quran have been in great use since a long time ago. However, sometimes for each holy verse, there may be several narrations. Meanwhile, due to Non original narrations and anecdotes which have been put among the original ones, the researchers have experienced difficulty identifying them. One such example is verse number 58 of Surah Nisa which has multiple interpretations; four of them are based on Sunni resources while one is based on Shia resources. This study was done with the purpose of highlighting the fact that this verse was said about those responsible for reigning over Muslims and their self-esteem along with what is best for them both in this world and hereafter. This verse is believed to be directed at Imams, saying that they are supposed to pass the requirements for being an Imam to their successors. The other narrations regarding this verse are not as authentic due to some problems in their documents. Despite what was just said this does not mean that they should be put aside.

Prayer has got a prominent place in Islamic culture, especially among Shiites. The prayers issued by the Infallible Imams (a.s.) form an important part of the Shia hadith heritage, and part of these are related to the prayer teachings of Imam Mahdi (a.s.) Era of the Occultation in the direction of cognitive and ideological preparation for the emergence of that Imam.One of these prayers is the Covenant Prayer (Dua Ahd), which is recommended to be recited after the morning prayer and continued throughout life.There is no need to validate a document in Mustahabat to act on them, but the authenticity of Covenant Prayer can add to the trust to continue doing it. Thus, in this research, a descriptive and analytical method, references to the authentic religious books, and the analysis of the conditions of the narrators have been used to examine the authenticity of the prayer.The results show that the Covenant Prayer document, despite the presence of great jurists, Muhaddith scholars, and companions of Imams (a.s.) at the beginning and end of it, has been weakened due to the presence of two unknown narrators in the middle of the document. Nevertheless, the weakness is compensated for due to the inclusion of the prayer in the authentic books of Shia scholars and its authenticity on the bases of proofs and evidence that have not reached us

According to the verses of the Qur'an, Sarah, the wife of Prophet Ibrahim, is a woman who has been blessed with God's divine mercy and has even reached a level of perfection that has made her worthy of speaking to the divine angels. The position of this lady has been discussed in many holy books and narrations. In the Bible and the Qur'an and some Islamic traditions, there is a huge difference in the expression of the characters. The Bible has not been able to portray Sarah's status as it is; moreover, it has tarnished the character of Sarah and Ibrahim by fabricating stories such as the crossing Egypt, jealousy and harshness, the persecution of Ibrahim, and so on. This attitude towards her has also penetrated in some Islamic traditions. In this study, nine narrations have been reviewed and evaluated, most of which contradict the Qur'an and are strangely consistent with the Torah. Based on evaluations, the documents of these narrations are all weak and unreliable in terms of narrations and authentication.

Destruction of the Baqī tombs in Medina by Al-Saud on the 8th of Shawwal (1344 AH) was one of the most important measures of Al-Saud at the beginning of the second domination over Hejaz which had many reflections in Islamic societies; however, according to Shiites, its reflection, due to the destruction of the shrines of the four Shiite Imams, was far greater than those of the Sunnis. In order to enrich this collection as much as possible, the Documents Unit of the Hajj and Pilgrimage Research Institute collected documents related to the Baqī Cemetery, a summary list of which will be presented in three parts

The history of the influence of the Alawites and their migration to the Indian subcontinent is mixed with myths; but what is certain is that at the beginning of the first century of the Islamic era, the people of Sind, Kabul, and India, after the acquaintance with Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (AS), found great affection to him so much that some of them exaggerated about the Imam and this was the beginning of Shi'ism in the Indian subcontinent. During the Umayyad period and especially in the reign of the Abbasid in which the descendants of Ahl al-Bayt were exposed to oppression, a large number of the Alawites migrated to the Indian subcontinent due to the background of Shi'ism that people had in this area. The migrants faced with the welcome of the people in there. In this way, the Alawites were able to expand their spiritual and social influences in this area so that these migrations became more and more, and finally, the Alawites succeeded in forming the Shiite governments of Zaidiyyah and Ismailiyyah. This also led to the strengthening of the Shiite base throughout the Indian subcontinent and caused the extensive migration of the Alawites and their companions to this area, as well as the boom of their culture and customs in there. The cities of Sind, Multan and, more generally, the Indian subcontinent, are the first origins of the Alawites, and their migration from Hejaz to these cities and then to other cities such as Kabul, Balkh, Herat, Marw, Anbar, Makran, Transoxania, Samarkand, and Sistan increased. As a result, influential families in the history of Islam emerged in these areas. Hence, in the present article, only the Alawites living in Hejaz who migrated to the cities of Sind, Multan, and India are discussed.

Several narrative data from Shia and Sunni sources point to the imprint of Imam Mahdi PBUH and the acceptance of their provisions will have important implications in various fields, especially in the field of theology, including the adherence of a prophet of Olol-azm on the Imam and the mission of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) , Imam's priority on the prophet and so on. These verbal consequences are consistent with the principles of Imamate in Shiite religion and conflict with theological principles of the Sunni; therefore, these narratives must be evaluated in a scholarly way from the point of view of the accepted documents in order to find the supreme value of it and its implications. The present article evades from any Religious bias and with all scientific fairness, tries to demonstrate facts by referring to the main sources of narrative and religious guidance of the Sunni denominations. After evaluating the documents and implication of the mentioned narrations, it is concluded that Eghteda is verified in all of the six narratives in Sunni sources in terms of implications, and all have a clear meaning on his intended authority. And in terms of the documents, only two narrations of Sahih Bukhari from Abu Ghuraira and the narrative of Masand Ahmad of Jaber are properly documented. On the other hand, four other narratives are suffering from some problems such as lack of connection and the passivity or weakness of some narrators; however, according to a whole set of evidence, all of them being authentic, it is not unlikely that, given the total amount of Shia and Sunni sources in this regard, the spiritual passage of the above mentioned authority would be proved in Islamic world soon as a consensus.

There are prominent characters among the Shia scholars that had important effect on the resurgence and transmitting the knowledge of the Household of the Prophet (peace be upon them) to the late generations; Shaykh Saduk, from amongst, possesses especial characteristics.About three hundred compilations were attributed to him, but unfortunately, today just more than twenty titles of these works are available. One of his most important works is Maani al-Akhbar in which he mentioned traditions on interpreting the meaning of letters and words.The reason for the significance of the book Maani al-Akhbat is that it serves as a dictionary in understanding the meaning of words and notes of the Infallible's traditions. Shaykh Saduk used some especial methods in writing this book including his acknowledgement to asking the meaning of some traditions from his masters, explaining the place and time of taking the hadith, attributing to the linguists opinions, kalami demonstrations, elimination the doubts from some sermons of Nahdj al-Balagha etc.

One of the most commonly cited traditions among Sufis is the tradition of "Kanz-e Makhfi". It has been valued as a repeated and many stated prophetic tradition before the relgious jurists. However, many doubts have been cast on the authenticity and documentation of this tradition. Though inadequate, the present discussion attempts to study and judge both the content and the authenticity of this Hadith.