جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « افلاطون » در نشریات گروه « فقه و حقوق »

Examining Plato's views is not only about examining a historical issue but also having a living influence in shaping contemporary thought. This is well known in the context of the feminist movement, so that some radical feminists take Plato's views into consideration in any program that proposes women's liberation. Just as his theory of justice is very important and has long been accepted.Many scholars regard Plato as the first feminist theorist. They regard her as an advocate of women's freedom and human rights and equality with men; some consider her to be the first true feminist philosopher, yet some have questioned whether Plato is a genuine supporter of women's rights. This article, by examining Plato's views on justice, women, their status and duties in society, shows that Plato was not only not a defender of women's rights but also a very difficult position for women if her views were implemented.

Given the importance of the concept of justice in the existing legal systems of the world and its overwhelming influence on the Islamic philosophy, this research seeks to genealogize the concept of justice in the writings of Aristotle and Plato and critique the basic arguments made by these two giant thinkers. The basic assumption of this research is that in the view of Plato, justice is an inherently individual enterprise which ultimately enters into the public space of society. In his theory, governance is the art of the wise. On the other hand, Aristotle defines justice as a virtue which gives one what he deserves. Aristotle is of the belief that the virtue of everything lies in observing the boundaries of moderation. Aristotle further argues that moderation is in nature of things and nature itself is unequal and justice is the continuation of these inequalities. Instead of giving a generalized definition of justice like Plato, Aristotle applies more caution to the concept of justice. This arises from the inductive and experimental approach of Aristotle and his general avoidance of generalization.

Without doubt, Plato’s Republic is one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy, specially, in philosophy of politics. Although we find all branches of philosophical studies –from ontology and epistemology to psychology and education—discussed in this work, “justice” is central issue in it. On the other hand, of the kinds of governments discussed by Plato in 8th book of Republic, democracy is introduced as one the bad ones. For him, democracy, evolved from oligarchy, is not only a result of war and discontent, but also turns finally to its opposite, tyranny, through a wrong management of liberty and equality. Plato’s opposition to democracy –indeed only to a certain kind of it– shows that there is no necessary correlation between justice and peace on the one hand and democracy on the other hand. In this paper, having sated Plato’s view on justice, peace and democracy we will show what he regards as pre-conditions to reach justice and peace.