artificial intelligence

With the recent expansion and advancements in the field of artificial intelligence, numerous legal challenges have arisen in the field of intellectual property. This article examines the legal problems and challenges related to intellectual property and artificial intelligence and analyzes the various aspects of this issue from a legal perspective in Iran. In Iranian law, there are many problems in the field of registering and protecting works produced by artificial intelligence, because intellectual property laws are mainly based on human creation. This article also analyzes how to adapt existing laws to advances in artificial intelligence technology and provides suggestions for updating these laws. The main objective of this research is to identify legal gaps in Iranian intellectual property rights related to artificial intelligence and provide solutions to adapt it to new developments. In this regard, the method of documentary and comparative analysis was used and the results of the research briefly indicate the need to amend and update existing laws in order to coordinate with advances in artificial intelligence technology and secure intellectual property rights in this field.

The Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and human rights, democracy and the rule of law is the first-ever international legally binding treaty in this field. It aims to ensure that activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems are fully consistent with human rights, democracy and the rule of law while being conducive to technological progress and innovation. The Convention defines a baseline in international law for rights-respecting AI activities and in a significant step toward building consensus on common responsible and rights-respecting practices related to Artificial Intelligence, the Convention codifies principles such as accountability, non-discrimination privacy.

The rise of artificial intelligence and machine learning in digital currency transactions has created complex ethical considerations that require a thorough review of responsible regulatory approaches. This research has expanded this need by using a result-oriented theoretical framework, emphasizing the results of the deployment of artificial intelligence and machine learning in this sector and its effects on the stakeholders, and relying on important case studies, such as Sam Bankman and An extensive review of relevant sources examines the ethical implications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in the context of cryptocurrency trading.

The present research is practical in terms of its purpose and as a research tool, it is documentary and library, and the information collected using library resources that have been analyzed by descriptive-analytical method.

Ethical Considerations: 

In this article, the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness are respected.

Using a consequentialist perspective, this study emphasizes the importance of balancing the transformative potential of artificial intelligence and machine learning with ethical considerations to ensure market integrity, investor protection, and overall well-being in digital currency transactions.

By comparing consequentialism with other ethical theories that can be used to exploit artificial intelligence and machine learning in digital currency trading, the author proposes a framework for the typology of artificial intelligence and machine learning trading.

Artificial intelligence technology has been used both personally and industrially for years. Artificial intelligence and other digital technologies have the power to transform society and affect the process of economic development. However, their development requires adequate safeguards to reduce the risks of harm resulting from these technologies, such as physical injury or other harm. The purpose of this article is to investigate the civil liability resulting from the use of artificial intelligence in the European Union.

This article is Developmental type, descriptive and analytical. Materials and data are also qualitative and data collection was used in collecting materials and data.

Ethical Considerations: 

In this article, the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness are respected.

There are regulations in this regard in the European Union. If damage is caused by artificial intelligence. These damages are compensated based on the responsibilities defined in private law, especially the civil liability law, and possibly with insurance.

Any damages caused by the use of artificial intelligence technologies are subject to strict legal liability for damages and the operators of these technologies are responsible for these damages. Also, producers of products or digital content must be responsible for damages caused by defects in the products, even if changes have been made by the user. It can be said that even in situations where damage is caused to a third party, these damages and losses must be compensated.

Artificial intelligence, as one of the advanced technologies of the digital era, plays an important role in improving efficiency and speeding up financial and economic processes. With the increasing use of this technology in the Islamic financial system, the study of its civil and criminal aspects has become more important, especially from the point of view of compliance with Sharia principles. The purpose of this study is to consider the applications of artificial intelligence in the Islamic financial system and to analyze its criminal and civil opportunities and challenges. This research shows that artificial intelligence can be a powerful tool for detecting and preventing crimes such as fraud, money laundering and terrorist financing, while its misuse can lead to legal challenges such as privacy violation, algorithmic fraud and financial market manipulation. Also, in order to prevent possible abuses, the necessity of strict regulation and formulation of laws that determine responsibilities and limitations within the framework of Sharia has been emphasized. The findings of this research can help Islamic financial institutions to avoid negative consequences and related financial crimes, while using artificial intelligence.

Machine learning technologies are expected to increasingly affect people's daily lives. The next generation of children will be most affected by this technology; because they will be born and raised in an era of big data and machine systems that will affect their life decisions from education, access to credit and job opportunities, and many other things. In this article, the effects of artificial intelligence on children's human rights have been investigated and solutions have been tried to protect children's rights in the dynamic world of technology and artificial intelligence. In addition, the impact and interaction with human rights and especially children's right to education and respect for privacy, freedom of expression, and prohibition of discrimination are important issues that the main guardians such as companies, parents, and governments should address.

The rapid increase in the use of artificial intelligence comes with challenges and threats. Among these challenges, we can mention the use of unethical solutions, ignoring users' privacy, security concerns related to cyber, fraud and imitation as well as discrimination and inequality. On the other hand, most artificial intelligence technologies act as black boxes and their exact functionality is not known. In this regard, there is a need to formulate rules and regulations of artificial intelligence, as a supporting framework in the design, construction and safe use of this technology. Iran is also facing these challenges; therefore, the need for legislation in the field of artificial intelligence is needed; while no law has been formulated in this field and even the legislative authority for artificial intelligence has not been specified. Therefore, in this research, by examining the laws and policies made in the field of artificial intelligence in the leading countries of the world and considering the needs of the country, suggestions are presented for legislation in the field of artificial intelligence in Iran.

With the development of technology, artificially intelligent beings have been used in almost all areas of our daily lives. It is expected that these beings, which are currently at the service of humans and facilitate their work, will reach human level in the future and be able to perform some professions. These developments also bring with them numerous legal and criminal questions. What is the legal status of artificially intelligent beings, who is criminally liable in the crimes that arise from their use, and what is their role in the criminal proceedings, are among the questions that need to be answered. The purpose of this study is to provide a general assessment of these questions by considering legal regulations. The study methodology is descriptive-analytical. In this study, we have reached the conclusion that AIs are in the position of “property”, cannot be held liable for crimes resulting from their use, and although they have an important contribution to the criminal justice process, they cannot replace the subjects of the proceedings (judge, prosecutor, lawyer). In this context, the current legal regulations are largely capable of resolving the problems that have arisen. However, if AIs are to reach the status of “humans” as fully independent and self-aware entities, fundamental changes will be needed in our legal system. 

Artificial intelligence is a emerging phenomenon in the field of technology that, according to scientists' predictions, will significantly transform many aspects of life in the near future and bring about important changes in the course of human existence. With the continuous advancement of technology, questions arise regarding its impacts and roles in everyday life and society. This research aims to answer the fundamental question of the conflicts that artificial intelligence faces with human rights and citizenship if it possesses legal personality, using a descriptive-analytical method and collecting the necessary information and resources through a library-based approach. The findings of the research indicate that, according to researchers and scholars in this field, granting legal personality to artificial intelligence is necessary. They believe that by granting personality, AI entities can become parties to contracts, own property, and bear responsibilities. However, some argue that artificial intelligence should not be granted legal personality, as it would create ambiguity in the boundary between humans and non-humans and it undermines human rights and citizenship with its interferences and conflicts. Therefore, they suggest that AI should remain under human control. Furthermore, this research has proposed models for the legal personality of artificial intelligence, and it has identified the challenges and conflicts that AI faces in relation to human rights and citizenship, such as Automatic performance of military weapons, privacy violations, job displacement, social manipulation, fake news, and more. Solutions to address these challenges have also been outlined.

This article examines the risks of using virtual reality technology to achieve criminal law objectives. In the first step, by reviewing scientific studies to determine the nature of virtual reality, it has been identified as a non-invasive neural technology that has high-risk artificial intelligence. At the same time, it introduces it as a transformational neural technology that can alter what people perceive as reality. This capability is referred to as "realism" which represents the emotional immersion of the user in a virtual experience. The implications of this capacity reveal three key risks, which are: (1) the ability to collect extensive data stored during its use; (2) the ability of virtual reality to mentally recreate the "physical" avatar experience in the user; and (3) its considerable capacity for manipulating individuals. In the second step, this article examines potential criminal activities in virtual environments, focusing on violations of mental privacy and manipulation of users. Ultimately, it is suggested that criminal law should intervene to define the "red line" of extensive use of virtual reality by citizens and outline a legal framework for criminalizing associated harms and dangers. Therefore, formulating a comprehensive criminal policy and prevention encompassing laws tailored to the evolving technology is imperative.

Chatbots are a modern manifestation of artificial intelligence that are now placed for public interaction and conversation with individuals. They can engage in a two-way interaction with a user, responding to their questions and even offering suggestions. This system is based on the capabilities arising from the development of artificial intelligence and is continuously advancing. Among these, the legal issue concerns whether chatbots are responsible for what they respondand whether what they provide is their intellectual property. Essentially, can personalities be attributed to chatbots? The present article finally concludes, with the analytical-descriptive approach, that chatbots may potentially possess a degree of personality in the future, but in current circumstances, the effects and content provided by chatbots are attributed to their owners and creators. Although their development and the reinforcement of chatbots' autonomy can pose numerous challenges to classical legal theories.

The advancements of artificial intelligence (AI) in the production of artistic works have created new challenges in the field of intellectual property rights. This article examines the legal ownership of AI-generated artworks through a comparative study of national and international laws. While some legal systems, such as the United States, emphasize the necessity of human creativity for copyright protection, other countries, like the United Kingdom and China, have explored the possibility of recognizing ownership of AI-generated works under specific conditions. In Iran, existing laws do not directly address this issue, and there are significant legal gaps in this area. Ethical Considerations: All ethical principles were adhered to during the writing process of this research.

The research method in this research is descriptive analytical. This research employs a qualitative research method with a comparative and analytical approach. 

The results indicate that it is necessary to revise intellectual property laws, establish clear criteria for determining ownership, and develop practical solutions for legally regulating these works. Moreover, the development of comparative and interdisciplinary approaches can contribute to providing more comprehensive solutions in this area.

The emergence of AI-powered generative software with its high simulation capabilities, poses challenges for fields related to Personality rights, particularly the right of publicity, AI can identifying features of a famous individual without their real involvement, through the production of deep fakes. Concerns caused by digital versions that seem unrecognizable from the real version of people, have progressed to the point where American senators drafted a bill regarding it in 2023. considering the lack of country's legal literature In the field of artificial intelligence .authors used legal texts of the United States and after clarifying nature of the right to digital copy, discussed the conflict between the right to advance and artificial intelligence and the ways to solve it The research uses an analytical-descriptive method, with data collection conducted through a comparative study of American. It is suggested to prioritize the principle of supporting the right of publicity and, in order to preserve larger interests such as freedom of expression and encouragement of creativity, consider exceptions for the preference of artificial intelligence. In this regard, three principles are introduced, namely: the principle of fair use, the principle of public domain information, and the principle of transformative use.

The development of technologies in recent years, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), has transformed the structure and processes of arbitration. These advancements allow AI to predict new disputes by analyzing and comparing judicial decisions. Consequently, some countries are utilizing these technologies to resolve minor and small-scale disputes. This paper aims to clarify how adaptable the existing legal framework in international commercial arbitration is to AI arbitration.However, AI as an arbitrator faces several challenges. These include the lack of precedents, the inability to reason and justify decisions, and concerns regarding impartiality and independence. AI cannot address the complexities and standards of arbitration effectively. Therefore, it is more beneficial to use these technologies to assist human arbitrators in resolving disputes. This research was conducted through a library study using an analytical-descriptive and applied approach. It examined domestic and international sources, comparing and evaluating the existing legal capacities in international commercial arbitration .

Intelligent machines have long been the subject of science fiction, but now humanity lives in an age where artificial intelligence (AI) is a reality, exerting profound effects on daily life. AI has the capacity to become an integral part of the criminal justice system, providing professionals the opportunity to achieve the goals of this field with greater accuracy. In this article, by examining the achievements of AI in criminal investigations, we present its effectiveness in the fight against crime based on implemented concepts. We explain that the use of AI goes beyond mere crime prevention and the creation of obstacles or costs for crime. Through temporal and spatial dimensions, AI achieves the prediction of criminal behavior and, so to speak, nips crime in the bud. This technology has the potential to create a significant revolution in the field of crime fighting in the future and to form a new paradigm in criminal justice, which is discussed in this article.

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing the world, and this technology has far-reaching effects on daily life, industries, and societies. But with the rapid growth of artificial intelligence, ethical and legal issues related to the use of this technology are also increasingly raised. The purpose of this research is to examine the challenges and ethical and legal principles of artificial intelligence and reviews domestic and foreign scientific sources in this field.

The current qualitative research explains the legal and ethical challenges of artificial intelligence based on the analysis of the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation.

The most important challenges in the functioning mechanism of artificial intelligence from an ethical point of view are privacy and data protection, transparency and accountability, justice and fairness, social and economic 

The use of ethical guidelines as a complementary law and governance tool in the development and use of artificial intelligence and analysis of this branch of science is considered very important, and most developed countries are writing and enacting related laws. The importance of artificial intelligence and the extent of its use in various sciences, including judicial sciences, have been so prominent that the European Union enacted a law entitled Artificial Intelligence Law on June 13, 2024. Therefore, it is necessary to take appropriate action in Iran with the help of prominent and stylish lawyers, experts in communication science and technology, and other related experts.

Artificial intelligence technology as the foundation of the fifth industrial revolution with its development and increasing influence in all aspects of the political, economic, social and cultural life of citizens, by creating significant changes in the provision of solutions and services, in addition to creating changes in the quality of life of individuals, many challenges has made it visible to governments and citizens at various levels. Among the most important of these emerging challenges, we can mention the challenges of artificial intelligence technology in the field of privacy. Although in the last few years, some legal systems have somehow addressed the category of privacy in the relevant laws and regulations, however, the challenges of artificial intelligence technology in this field, considering its importance and special complexities, require appropriate legal and legislative measures in order to protect It is from the privacy of individuals. Therefore, in the present article, which is arranged in a library method, an attempt has been made to point out the history of artificial intelligence technology and its types, by examining the history of legislation and regulations related to the field of privacy in the European Union and some leading countries in this field. The context, the identified challenges are enumerated and proposed legal solutions in the field of legislation to protect the privacy of individuals in the field of applying artificial intelligence in Iran's legal system are presented.

With the rapid expansion of information technology and the increasing sophistication of cybercrimes, the need for intelligent tools to combat these threats has become more pressing. Artificial Intelligence, with its capability to analyze vast and complex datasets, has emerged as a powerful tool in this domain. This research explores the role of AI in predicting and preventing cybercrimes, the challenges it faces, and potential regulatory solutions.Findings indicate that AI can predict cybercrimes by analyzing behavioral patterns and historical data. However, challenges such as privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, and uncertainty in predictions limit its application. To address these challenges, appropriate legal and ethical frameworks must be developed. Shia Islamic jurisprudence, with its fundamental principles like no harm and justice, can provide valuable insights in this regard.Ultimately, AI can play a significant role in combating cybercrime. However, to optimize its use, challenges must be identified, and suitable regulatory measures must be implemented. By integrating the principles of Shia Islamic jurisprudence and Iranian legal frameworks, a comprehensive and effective framework for using AI in cybercrime prevention can be developed.

Today, one of the most significant contemporary topics is artificial intelligence (AI). AI is a branch of computer science that simulates human intelligence, aiming to create intelligent machines capable of performing tasks that require human-like cognitive abilities. AI has entered and influenced various fields, including jurisprudence and inference. This article employs a descriptive-analytical method and utilizes library resources to analyze the capabilities of AI in accelerating the inference process and examines its various applications. Initially, the study analyzes the impacts of AI on reporting outcomes and altering foundational principles and jurisprudential tenets. It then investigates the role of this technology in preventing comparative errors and establishing a balance between technology and jurisprudence. The discussion also encompasses a comprehensive and qualitative perspective on jurisprudential sources, correcting the confusion between method and content, and identifying logical gaps in the process of inferring religious rulings through AI. Various methods and techniques for achieving these objectives are mentioned, including expert systems, natural language processing, machine learning, neural networks, and deep learning. The research findings indicate that utilizing AI can expedite and facilitate the inference process, enhancing accuracy and speed in this domain.