جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "women" در نشریات گروه "فقه و حقوق"

The present research’s main purpose was to study the effects of religiousness on the flourishing of talents and the women’s role-playing in a sustainable urban development. The research’s theoretical framework was a combination of the theories by Durkheim, Berger, Maslow and the theory of social capacity.The research was conducted as a survey using a researcher-made questionnaire based on a structured sampling plan among women over 20 years old. Cluster and disproportionate classification methods were used for sampling to select 392 individuals. The results showed that "religiousness" with the regression coefficients of 0.24 and 0.27 had significant effects on "women's role in urban development" and “urban development talents,” respectively. The results also showed that the two variables in the research explain about 30% of the variance of the variable "women's role in urban development".Therefore, the results confirmed the fact that strengthening religiousness may lead to the improvement of women’s talents in urban development and promote their roles in these activities, which will benefit women, their families, and society altogether.

The right of divorce for women means that a woman can request a divorce without needing her husband's consent. Traditionally, in Iran, the right of divorce is held by men; however, women can acquire this right by obtaining a divorce proxy from their husbands. The impacts of a woman's right to divorce include legal and psychological aspects such as entitlement to dowry, the right to equal distribution of assets, personal independence, and protection of her financial rights when exercising this right.

This research employs a descriptive-analytical method and is based on library resources.

Ethical Considerations: 

All ethical principles in research have been adhered to in the preparation of this article.

When a woman exercises her right to divorce, she is entitled to receive her full dowry. Notably, the possession of the right to divorce does not necessarily lead to a sense of peace for many women, contrary to popular belief. In the end, this article discusses the implications of the condition of the right to divorce for women, including the necessity of obtaining a certificate of hardship, the need to consult family counseling offices, the right to legal representation, the possibility of receiving dowry and the right to equal asset distribution. Additionally, it explores the psychological effects of the right to divorce on women's inner thoughts and attitudes, their sense of peace or unrest, interactions with others, their professional environments, familial situations, and broader societal impacts.

Finding pure ideas from the words of Imam Khomeini (may Allah be pleased with him)about women's social rights is to benefit the society from these ideas to turn them into solutions to solve women's social problems. The purpose of this article is to examine the social rights of women from the perspective of Imam Khomeini. 

This article is descriptive and analytical. Materials and data are also qualitative and data collection was used in collecting materials and data. 

Ethical Considerations: 

In this article, the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness are respected. 

The findings showed that the statements of Imam Khomeini  are taken to mean that he recognized the social rights of women. Women can play an active role alongside men in social movements. Women's social rights include citizenship rights and the right to welfare and social security, social dignity, the right to use maternity benefits and housekeeping benefits (housekeeping rights and the right to maternity leave, etc.), the right to benefit from suitable housing. 

Imam Khomeini Quds Serh has addressed the social rights of women in his jurisprudence and government opinions. From Imam Khomeini's point of view, women's social rights, including citizenship rights, welfare rights, and rights related to employment and working, have been accepted.

 One of the issues that has received special attention from the jurisprudential point of view in recent years is the issue of the permissibility and non-permissibility of women for the responsibility of judging in terms of Shariah and jurisprudence. Shafi'i, Maliki and Hanbali jurists do not consider the position of judge permissible for women. But there is no consensus among Imami jurists on the issue of women not being allowed to judge. The famous jurists of Islam consider the mention of men in the judge as a condition, and they do not consider it permissible to judge women at all. According to famous jurists, judging women according to the verses of the Holy Qur'an, hadiths, originals, consensus and some other evidences is not acceptable, but the studies conducted show that their reasons can be criticized.

The initial text of the bill for preventing women's injuries and improving their safety against abuse was prepared in 1392 in the vice-minister of women and family affairs of the 10th government and sent to the government for approval. Finally, after examining this bill among different governments and parliaments, the final bill was finally approved by the government board in December 2019. And finally, on May 29, 1400, the receipt was announced and it was referred to the legal and judicial commission of the parliament with a condition of urgency. In April 1402, the details of the plan were approved by the Islamic Council and its name was changed to "Prevention of women's injuries and promotion of their safety against abuse". The question that exists is what innovations can be legally discussed. In the present study, the author believes in the descriptive-analytical method following the answer to the above question that: innovations such as the integration of all institutions to support women, the establishment of a women's support fund, the provision of medical expenses and special attention to imprisoned women, the development of counseling centers for maintaining The mental health of abused women, the proper way to deal with women, the criminalization of responsibility due to the transmission of diseases through sexual intercourse, referring to the illegitimate submission and non-violence of men for the first time, as well as the permission for women to leave the country in the case that the man is against it for no reason. The title is innovation and strengths of the bill.

One of the important social areas of human life is occupied by the media. The variety of media has expanded to such an extent that people have to choose to communicate with certain media. Citizens of the modern society spend most of their time with the media and feel confident and relaxed from communicating with the media. The scope of the media includes all fields, including political, economic and social fields, including women and family. Therefore, it is necessary to address the issues of women and the role of the media. Based on this, governments have tried to strengthen the foundation of the family within the framework of media rights. In this regard, the media plays an important role as one of the important tools in reducing the social harms of women, and the purpose of the media is to introduce the role of women in order to make good policies and prevent social harms related to women. Nowadays, social damage has put women's health at risk. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of the media in preventing social harms in the field of women and family with a descriptive and analytical method. The results of the research show that the dominance of negative views towards women and the existence of deprivations and serious injuries have caused special attention to be paid to women today in order to correct this problem, and the media aims to train experts in the field. different organizations that have the ability to present issues related to women and can present gender-balanced views at all executive and policy-making levels of the country.

The right to health is one of the basic human rights, which is rooted in the right to life. In the Islamic legal system, due to the necessity of self-preservation, this right prevails over other rights and obligations. One of the aspects of citizens' right to health is the right to women's reproductive health. Considering that women's health is considered as an indicator of countries' development, in international documents such as the Charter of Women's Reproductive Rights, couples have the right to freely and responsibly choose the number of children and the distance between them and access. Necessary training for health and reproductive health is mentioned. And governments are obliged to provide women's reproductive health. In Iran's legal system, there is a special concern for the health of pregnant mothers, which is evidenced by the existence of various regulations of the Ministry of Health. The approval of the family and youth protection law, which implicitly includes a health-oriented approach, is an effective step towards ensuring women's reproductive health.This research, with a descriptive and analytical method, while examining the legal foundations of Imamia regarding maternal reproductive health, analyzed some existing laws to explain the position of the right to the physical and mental health of pregnant mothers as one of the citizenship rights. The results of the conducted studies indicate that the right to reproductive health of the mother has valid foundations in Imami jurisprudence. Preservation of human dignity, central justice, prohibition of harm and negation of hardship and embarrassment are among the most important jurisprudential foundations of the right to reproductive health. The basic analysis of the articles of the Family and Youth Protection Law also indicates the legislator paid attention to principles such as dignity, justice, negation of harm to others, and negation of hardship and embarrassment. .

Armed Conflicts, despite all the efforts made globally and regionally, still exist. Different groups of people are affected by this phenomenon in dissimilar ways. Women, due to various reasons, are amongst the most vulnerable groups in armed conflicts. Many efforts have been made by the International Committee of the Red Cross to provide maximum support for women in the form of instruments and procedures. Although human rights and international humanitarian rights are considered two separate legal systems, but because in most cases the boundary between them is not properly distinguished and also because of the Committee's practice in recent decades to integrate the two systems during armed conflicts; in the following study, we intend to address the most important principles for protecting women in both international humanitarian rights and human rights, through investigating ICRC's Documents with an analytical approach.

Examining the efforts of the United Nations, in the two areas of increasing women's rights and protecting the environment, shows the great importance of women's participation in the international arena. Giving a role to women and their non-governmental organizations in protecting the environment and achieving sustainable development is very important, and for this reason, various international documents have recognized the participation of these actors. The upcoming research seeks to study the position of women in a part of public international law, i.e. the branch of international environmental law, and wants to show international transformations about the participation of women, as one of the important and vital players in international environmental law. is life The results of this research show that women are actually the creators of sustainable development culture. The efficient and active presence of women as well as their empowerment in the framework of improving the standard of living, participation in major development decisions and their achievement of an equal position in the light of economic and social growth as well as the education of environmental issues makes the process of education and as a result Environmental protection has penetrated to the innermost layers of society and without incurring excess costs, many members of the society have been indirectly educated, and considering the multifaceted responsibility of women and their role in educating future generations, environmental culture be institutionalized.

Women have played a significant role in the formation of history, civilization, and culture of every nation. Article 21 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran also obligates the government to guarantee women's rights in all aspects while adhering to Islamic standards. Women's rights is a term that refers to the freedom of women at all ages. Women's rights typically include, but are not limited to, bodily integrity, autonomy, the right to vote, the right to work, equal pay, and more. On the other hand, the media is used as a material tool for message transmission, and the media can play a crucial role in explaining and promoting women's rights. However, this tool can also be misused and become a means to deny women's rights. In this research, we will explore the role of the media and its impact on women's rights using a descriptive-analytical method. The results of this research indicate that the media has been able to play a prominent role in promoting women's rights and preventing the violation of women's rights.

Based on their doctrines, Salafi excommunicationist groups consider followers of other religions and denominations as non-believers, justifying the shedding of their blood and seizing their property. Consequently, these groups engage in numerous criminal activities. Given the military approach employed by these groups, it becomes imperative to examine the perspective of humanitarian law, especially concerning their interactions with civilians. This article aims to gain a deeper understanding of Salafi excommunicationist groups and their treatment of women. It also seeks to analyze this emerging phenomenon within the framework of international law, legal doctrines, and the principles of Islamic law. The objective is to evaluate the treatment of women by Salafi excommunicationist groups in comparison with the provisions of international humanitarian law and Islamic humanitarian law. In this research, we employ a theoretical analytical-descriptive method and gather data from library sources to address this question. Despite the considerable support for women in international humanitarian law and Islamic humanitarian law, the findings of the research reveal that Salafi excommunicationist groups not only fail to adhere to these legal and religious principles but also perpetrate inhumane crimes against women.

Women's rights is one of the main issues that has been focused by jurists and lawyers. From a legal point of view, considering women's natural rights is the initial step to realize their rights. This main point can be achieved just by adverting some particular circumstances that they may experience via their lives.studying jurisprudence areas is not sufficient for legislation, so to find a better understanding of legislation, this situation should also be examined from the perspective of psychology and medicine context. One of the big gaps in women's rights is neglecting women's rights during menopause, childbirth and especially her monthly discomforts.In all contemporary legal systems focusing on the rights and responsibilities of women during menstruation -as one of their natural rights- is a necessary basis for the development of laws and citizenship rights.

This research is of theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles.

Ethical Considerations:

 In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.

Therefore the current research,relying on medical, psychological, legal and jurisprudential evidence and applying descriptive analytical methods In the menopause, in the position of proving or rejecting the hypothesis by reviewing jurisprudence,medicine and psychology we came to the conclusion that our law neither supports this state of women nor passed any laws or protective measures. 

Situational prevention seeks to identify the external factors contributing to criminal behavior, separate from the characteristics of the perpetrator. Similarly, environmental prevention focuses on designing suitable living, working, and social environments to deter criminal acts. Violence against women is an area of significant concern that can benefit from these preventive measures. This study aims to investigate the presence of situational and environmental preventive measures addressing violence against women in international instruments, Iranian law, and legal doctrine. By examining and analyzing these measures, the article proposes practical and implementable recommendations derived from the aforementioned instruments and theories. The research methodology employed is a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing library research. The findings highlight that Iranian law, reputable international instruments, and legal doctrine exhibit a strong commitment to protecting women's rights, preventing various forms of violence against women, and mandating actions to address such violence. As a result, specialized forums have taken steps to address this global issue through the formulation of regulations and the proposal of practical and implementable measures.

This research applies a descriptive-analytical approach to explain historical aspects and consequently interprets the data regarding the left movement and left wing women based on the Anthony Giddens's construction theory in the second Pahlavi dynasty.In this regard, after examining the developments of the left movement and the political and social activities of left wing women, we will try to answer the question that what effects the political and social actions of left wing women have had on the process of political development in Iran in the second Pahlavi dynasty?To answer the above question according to Giddens's construction theory, There is a mutual relationship between structure and agent which based on, the left wing women as agents of the left movement had potential to influence the political structure of the Pahlavi dynasty and play a role in establishing a developed political system.As result, this research reveals the political and social actions of left wing women, due to the political structure of the Pahlavi regime and the domination of dictatorship, had no effective role in the process of political development and establishment of a democratic system.

Gaining familiarity with the school of thought of jurists, the cultural atmosphere of society, and their influence on women’s issues throughout history are among the prerequisites for judging the Islamic perspective on women’s issues. One of the influential schools in this field is the Akhbārī School. In this study, an attempt is made to present the effects of the views of Akhbārīs and the political atmosphere of the Safavid era in the field of women’s social participation. Also, it analyzed the scientific and practical behaviour of the Akhbārīs of the Safavid era on women’s confinement at home and examined their jurisprudential views on the prohibition of women’s social presence and encouraging them to stay at home. The issue of women’s participation and banning them from leaving the house was not limited or prohibited in this way before the emergence of Akhbārīs. Akhbārīs, especially Sheikh Ḥurr al-ʻĀmilī, have played a significant role in creating this restriction through fatwās and traditions that are sometimes incorrect. The preference (Istiḥbāb) of keeping women at home, the prohibition (ḥurmat) of seeing non-maḥrams, the unwillingness (kirāhat) to greet women, the unwillingness (kirāhat) to leave the house with the husband’s permission, the preference (istiḥbāb) of women’s spinning, and similar fatwas have affected the restriction of women’s presence and lack of social participation. It should be noted that before Akhbārīs, such chapters and fatwas about the limitations of women’s social presence did not exist or were not so strong in the earlier books.

As a major cause of violence, war has affected the growth and development of societies, which is important for women's equal rights, and has led women as the main and defenseless victims of societies to destruction, isolation and discrimination. As a result of the direct or indirect consequences of wars, women are exposed to discriminatory and inhumane factors during armed conflict and violent conflict around the world .One of the acute international problems of women is the issue of systematic rape in armed conflicts, which is carried out with specific goals, which certainly the decisive and serious approach of the international community can have positive effects in preventing the occurrence of these inhumane acts. Because women are the main victims of conflict during wartime, as civilians in war zones, they are completely defenseless against attacks on their human and natural rights. Women in war-torn countries suffer the most from physical and psychological violence. Inhumane behaviors such as murder, torture, rape, slavery, sterilization and sexual violence are some of the acts of violence against women.In such a context, international institutions such as the United Nations have prioritized limited activities, but important.This article examines the international support for victimized women during the war with a descriptive-analytical approach and using qualitative data.

Many rights and duties have been existed before Islam, and the legislator has confirmed them. Financial rights of men and women are also among the things that have been approved by the legislator, and the certain limits have been determined and decrees have been issued for each of them. Since rulings are subject to interest and corruption, and these matters are also assigned to topics; Therefore, the temporal and spatial conditions and lifestyles are affected to their changes and create the possibility of changes in rulings. Some of the financial rights of men and women that have been examined in this article are included: the topics of blood price, dowry, alimony and permission in financial possessions. In this research, an attempt is made to investigate the Shari'a rulings related to the financial rights of men and women with a descriptive-analytical method. That the financial rights of men and women are religious or subject to temporary variables, that the effect of time and place on women's financial rights and that the financial rights of men and women in Islam are compatible with the expediency of women today, in a way that is more compatible with justice and causes more protection for women's rights be made with the results obtained from this research, it is possible to consider rulings on the equal enjoyment of financial rights for women; Including equality in the price of blood on the soul and organs, having alimony commensurate with the dignity of women considering the progress of today's life, not paying excess dowry in divorce`s khol`a and also not requiring permission in financial seizures considering the financial independence that women have at the present time.

A correct legislative policy in dealing with crimes committed in cyberspace must represent the decisive and quick actions of the legislator. Considering the impossibility of full compensation of the damages caused by cyberspace and the variety of criminal actions, the legislative policy must be formulated accordingly. As a case of such emerging issues mentioned could be made of harassment of women in cyberspace. The legislators do not have a separate regulation with regard to this. The purpose of the present article is twofold. Firstly, the commission of such crimes at the present time must face an appropriate punishment for the perpetrators of such crimes. Secondly, considering that the bill for preserving the dignity and protection of women against violence is in the process of approval in the parliament, a recommendation must be stated with the purpose of amending the legal Articles in law related to the discussion of this article. In this research, using a descriptive library method, an attempt has been made to collect materials and answer this question: is it possible, according to the existing legal provisions, to apply the current laws in dealing with the perpetrators of such cases or not? The hypothesis that we are trying to confirm in this research is the possibility of adherence to the Article 619 of the Islamic Penal Code approved in 1375 in dealing with such crimes.

Throughout history, women have endured all kinds of violence and have never been fully supported by the criminal system. Although women need special protections from the criminal justice system due to their sexual and physical characteristics, they have been denied the same protection as men. If in Western societies after the industrial revolution and the active presence of women in the social scene, To some extent, men accepted the need to change the laws and accept women as human beings equal to men. It must be said that the situation is different in this part of the world. After the constitutional revolution in Iran, which called women to the middle of the field of freedom and equality, and the spirit of reformism ruling the society of that time, made women understand their inferior position, many organizations for the protection and realization of rights political and social activities of Iranian women were formed, but these organizations were either assembled and dismantled after some time, or their goals and main lines were deviated, as if there were those who did not want Iranian women to gain enough social and political awareness to assert their rights from Don't hesitate to try in this field. After the victory of the Islamic revolution in Iran, the situation of women again saw another change. In this, many problems that the society had faced prevented attention to women's issues and the restoration of their lost rights. But after the relative improvement of the society's situation, the issue of women's rights and the real status of this group was again brought to the attention of the authorities. Today, almost in most institutions and organizations of the country, devices for the advancement of women have been established, and these mechanisms and institutions have been designed and established mainly in recent years. In different branches of the government, special mechanisms have been established to plan support and monitor the advancement and progress of women. As a result, the participation of women in the political and social affairs of the society has increased and a wider field for activities has been opened for Iranian women. On the other hand, increasing the awareness of women in various fields was a very effective help to consider women and to work hard to eliminate discrimination and violence against this group of people in the society.

Testimony is one of the proofs of truth and justice in the judicial system, which, despite the Islamic Republic, in most countries, its validity and quality are the same for both sexes. According to the jurists, it is the testimony of announcements and news, in which certainty is the main condition. In addition, there is a difference of opinion between the jurists of Islamic schools of thought. Based on this, this research, with a descriptive-analytical method and in the field and a library method of jurisprudential and especially legal texts, dealt with the basics of the authenticity of testimony and the validity of women's testimony in judicial procedure. In the existing laws in Iran, the nature of testimony is not explained in detail and to understand its meaning, one must rely on legal doctrine and jurisprudence and the opinions of jurists. The gender difference in testimony is one of the controversial issues in the field of law. Therefore, the prevailing idea in Iran is that adding women's testimony to men's testimony does not mean depriving women of their rights, but it is merely a form of protection for them in parallel with the consequences of testimony. On the other hand, according to the developments of the modern world and the daily needs of the society, as well as citing various scientific researches, it has been proven that men and women do not have significant differences in terms of perception and cognition, as well as memorizing and recording events and recalling them. It is obvious that this will prevent the occurrence of internal conflicts and violations of human rights laws and will lead to fair and just proceedings in the proceedings. This research has some applications and suggestions for further study.