افسردگی و اضطراب

The aim of this study was effectiveness of problem solving training on depression and anxiety of adolescent students during the Corona virus era. This research was a quasi experimental type with a pretest-posttest design and followup with a control group. 30 teenage students were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15). The problem solving training program was implemented in 10 one-hour sessions on the experimental group for measured using to Depression Questionnaire (Beck, Steer & Brown 1996) and Anxiety Questionnaire (Beck, Spstein, Brown & Steer, 1988). The data was analyzed through the method of Mixed ANOVA and it showed that there was a significant difference in the mean scores of the participants in depression and anxiety in the posttest compared to the pretest. There was no significant change between the posttest and follow-up scores in the depression and anxiety of the students in the experimental group, which indicated the significant persistence of the changes in the follow-up phase. Results showed necessity of using the problem solving training program for teenagers in order to cope effectively in critical situations.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of depression and anxiety in the relationship between experiential avoidance and the tendency to use drugs in students. The descriptive research method was the correlation type (structural equation model). The statistical population included the students of schools in the 5th district of Tehran in the academic year of 2023-2024, of which 320 were selected using available sampling. The tools used in this research included Substance Abuse Questionnaires, Anxiety and Depression Questionnaires, and Experimental Evoidance Questionnaires. In order to analyze the research model, the structural equation model was used. The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between experiential avoidance and the desire to use drugs, and depression and anxiety play a mediating role in the relationship between experiential avoidance and the desire to use drugs. Overall, the results showed that the model had a good fit. According to the obtained results, experiential avoidance, depression and anxiety play an important role in predicting the tendency to use drugs in students. Therefore, the design of interventions based on improving depression and anxiety and reducing the levels of experiential avoidance is suggested as a basis for reducing the tendency to use drugs in this group of people

The present study aims to compare the activity of brain/behavioral systems and attention bias in who are dealing with depression, anxiety, and also normal. The current study is a comparative causal study, and Its statistical population is formed by 480 psychology students of Sari Azad University, and according to Krejcie and Morgan's table, 214 members are chosen by stratified sampling method. The sampling method in this case is available and purposeful. The equality of the two groups in terms of age, gender, education, and marital status is respected. To collect data for the study, the standardized versions of Beck's anxiety inventory, Beck's depression inventory, Gary Wilson's personality questionnaire and attention bias were used for analysis. The data was analyzed using spss 21 software and analysis of variance test. The obtained results show that there is a difference between the activity of Brain/behavioral systems, attention attention bias in who are dealing with depression, anxiety, and also normal. According to the findings, it can be concluded that brain-behavioral systems are the basis of individual differences and it seems that anxious and depressed people perceive more threats in their environment compared to healthy individuals. Correction of attention bias is effective in terms of diagnosing and treating anxiety or depression.

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is promising in treating psychological distress in various populations, but its efficacy for cardiovascular patients has not yet been examined. This study was conducted with the aim of examining the effectiveness of MBCT in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety and improving the quality of life in patients with cardiovascular diseases. A quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design was conducted. 30 participants diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases were selected using purposive sampling. Participants underwent an 8-week MBCT program. The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Ware and Sherbourne Quality of Life Questionnaire were administered before and after the intervention. For analyzing the score changes, the paired t-test was used. After the intervention, participants showed a significant reduction in depression (mean difference = X, P <0.05) and anxiety score (mean difference = Y, P <0.05). Quality of life scores significantly improved in all domains of WHOQOL-BREF (p < 0.05). The most significant improvements were observed in the psychological domains (mean difference = Z, P <0.001) and social relationships (mean difference = W, P <0.001). It seems that MBCT is an effective intervention for reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety and improving the quality of life in cardiovascular patients. These findings suggest that integrating MBCT into standard cardiac care may provide significant psychological benefits for this population.

Middle-aged women seem to perform a multitude of tasks in the family which may be very stressful. As a result, and combined with physiological and hormonal changes during menopause, these women may be at increasing. This in turn may result in decreased cognitive abilities. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between depression and anxiety with cognitive abilities in middle-aged women. The research method was descriptive-correlational using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study included all women between 40 and 60 years old living in Shiraz in the first quarter of 2023. Of these, 331women were available to take part in the study having fulfilled research criteria. Measurement tools used include: Mindfulness, Attention, Awareness Scale(MAAS) (Brown and Ryan, 2003); the Short Form of Depression, Anxiety and Stress scale (DASS-21) (Lavibond and Lavibond, 1995); and Nejati’s (2013) Cognitive Abilities Questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using the maximum likelihood estimation and the Bootstrape Significance Test. Findings showed direct and indirect (with the mediation of mindfulness) significant relationships between depression and anxiety with cognitive abilities in middle-aged women. Also, the direct and negative relationship between depression and anxiety with mindfulness and the direct and positive relationship between mindfulness and cognitive abilities were significant. Therefore, high levels of depression and anxiety and low levels of mindfulness can be considered as negative factors affecting cognitive abilities in middle-aged women.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-compassion, sensitivity to rejection and irrational beliefs in predicting depression and anxiety in divorced women. The study was a cross-sectional descriptive one. The population included all divorced women in Arak and the sample was obtained by available sampling. Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (Levibond, 1995), self-compassion scale (Raes, 2011), Irrational Beliefs Test (Jones, 1968), and Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (Downey & Feldman, 1996) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. The results of the correlation coefficients showed that there is a direct and positive relationship between sensitivity as well as irrational beliefs and depression and an inverse relationship between self-compassion and depression (p<0/01). Also, the relationship between sensitivity to rejection and irrational beliefs with anxiety was direct and the relationship between self-compassion and anxiety was inverse (p<0/01). The results of the regression analysis also showed that irrational beliefs predicts 26.9% (p<0.01) and sensitivity to rejection 2.8% (p<0.05) of depression changes. Also, sensitivity to rejection predicts 22.3% (p<0.01) and self-compassion 5.7% (p<0.01) of anxiety changes. Accordingly, sensitivity to rejection is an important construct in predicting anxiety and depression among divorced women. At the same time, irrational beliefs are more important in experiencing depression and self-compassion in experiencing anxiety in this group of people.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of anxiety and depression in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The research method was descriptive and of the correlation type (structural equation modeling). From among the general population of social media users in 2022, 350 people were selected according to the entry criteria by voluntary sampling method. The tools used in this research included the Revised scale of obsessive–compulsive Syndrome (Foa and et al), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Bernstein & Stein), Beck Anxiety Inventory & Beck Depression Inventory-II. Pearson's correlation test and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. The results showed that childhood abuse has a direct and significant relationship with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and anxiety and depression play a mediating role in the relationship between childhood abuse and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and overall, the results show that the model fits well. According to the obtained results, it can be said that childhood trauma, anxiety and depression play an important role in the formation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. In general, it can be concluded that childhood trauma can cause obsessive-compulsive symptoms by affecting anxiety and depression.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of group analytical psychotherapy on depression and anxiety of female heads of households. This research was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all female heads of households under the coverage of Karaj City Relief Committee in the age range of 25 to 40 years. The research sample consisted of 30 people (15 experimental people and 15 control people) of these people, who were selected using available sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent 24 sessions (twice a week) under the group psychoanalytic protocol, and the control group remained waiting for treatment during this period. Data collection was based on Beck et al.'s anxiety test (1988) and Beck's depression scale (1996). The analysis of the information obtained from the implementation of the questionnaire was done through the SPSS 23 software in the inferential section (analysis of covariance). The findings of the research showed that group analytical psychotherapy is effective on depression and anxiety of women heads of households, which means that group analytical psychotherapy has led to improvement of anxiety and depression levels in women heads of households.

Individuals with major depression and anxiety generally have multiple early maladaptive schemas and memory over generality in retrieving memories. On the other hand, memory overgeneral recall facilitates the transmission of early maladaptive schemas from mother to child. There is a research gap regarding the efficacy of the combined method of schema therapy and memory specificity training on depression, anxiety and rumination of students with early maladaptive schemas.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of the combined method of schema therapy with memory specificity training on depression, anxiety and rumination of students with early maladaptive schemas.

In this research, a single subject method with ABA design was used. The statistical population of the research included all students who referred to the Counseling Center of University of Isfahan in 2022. The research sample included four students suffering from major depression with high scores in the level of anxiety and rumination. The tools used in the research include semi-structured clinical interview based on DSM5, Young schema questionnaire-short Form of 90 questions (Young, 1999), Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck, 1996), Nolen Hoxma and Murrow Rumination Questionnaire (Nolen-Houseman & Morrow, 1991), Beck Anxiety Inventory (1998) and Autobiographical memory test (Williams & Broadben, 1986). Trend graph, percentage of non-overlapping data and recovery percentage were used for data analysis.

The findings of the research showed that the combined method of schema therapy with memory specificity training is effective on participants' depression with an average recovery percentage of 55.30 after the intervention and anxiety with an average recovery percentage of 65.30 after the intervention, but the intervention on accompany rumination with an average recovery percentage of 1.39 is not effective. Also, this method is effective in reducing overgeneral recall of participants' memory.

Considering the effectiveness of the present integrated intervention on depression and anxiety and reducing over general recall of, the use of memory specificity training during schema therapy sessions is suggested as a technique along with other experimental, emotional, cognitive and behavioral techniques.

Since two gender groups are established in societies, it is not surprising that some parents suffer from psychological problems due to shame and embarrassment as soon as they learn about their children's gender selection. The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a parenting program based on mindfulness on depression, anxiety, and stress in mothers with children with gender dysphoria. The research design was a semi-experimental type with an experimental group and a control group, in which a pre-test-post-test design with a follow-up period was used. The statistical population of the research was made up of all mothers with children with gender dysphoria in Tehran in 2023, and 30 of them were selected based on the gender identity questionnaire )Deogracias et al, 2007( and a clinical interview structured according to DSM-5 criteria with their children. and were randomly replaced in the experimental group (15 people) and the control group (15 people). The selected subjects in both groups were measured by the pre-test and depression, anxiety, and stress questionnaire (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1996), after that the parenting program based on mindfulness (Bögels & Restifo, 2014) was taught to the experimental group, but the control group received no training. did not receive After the training, a post-test was conducted in both groups, and a follow-up test was conducted in both groups after three months. The obtained data were analyzed using the statistical method of variance with repeated measurement and Bonferroni's post hoc test in SPSS software. The results of the research showed that the parenting program based on mindfulness improved the level of depression, anxiety, and stress in mothers with children with gender dysphoria, and this improvement was maintained until the follow-up stage (P<0.05). Based on this, this type of training can be used to improve the psychological condition of this group of mothers.

Anxiety and depression are two of the most common obstacles teens and young adults face and it’s beginning to take a serious toll in the classroom. Hence, the goal of this study was to examine the impact of Islamic intervention based on quality of life upon depression and anxiety of high school male students in Borujen. This applied research is experimental in terms of method and had a pretest-posttest control group design. The research instruments included Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, 1961) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI, 1988). Forty students diagnosed with depression and anxiety were randomly selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and assigned to an experimental (N=20) and a control group (N=20). The experimental group then received group therapeutic intervention in ten 90-minute sessions, whereas the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. Results showed that students’ depression and anxiety significantly diminished. Hence, Islamic intervention based on quality of life can be used as an effective method to increase quality of life and reduce depression and anxiety among students.

Adolescents' mental health is related to many aspects of their daily functioning. According to research, poor quality of life is known to cause mental health problems in teenagers. As a deprived demographic group, Afghan teenagers living in Iran face many challenges in various fields such as education, job, identity, exile, and discrimination, negatively impacting their quality of life. Considering that the health of Iranian society is affected by the presence of Afghan teenagers, there is a need for analytical research in this field. However, not enough research has been done in this area.

The aim of the present study was to compare social health and the level of depression, anxiety, and aggression experienced in Afghan teenagers with high and low quality of life living in Tehran.

The current research is a descriptive study, using the causal-comparative method, which compares Afghan teenagers with high and low quality of life. The statistical population of this research included all Afghan boys and girls living in Tehran who were studying in the second semester of the academic year 2019-2019. Sampling was done in a purposeful and random way. In this way, first, according to the cut score of 78 in the quality of life questionnaire, 30 teenage girls with high quality of life, 30 teenage girls with low quality of life, 30 teenage boys with high quality of life, and 30 teenage boys with low quality of life, for Each group was selected. Then, other research tools including the Beck depression questionnaire, Beck anxiety questionnaire, Bass and Perry aggression questionnaire, and social health questionnaire (KSWBQ) were also implemented and scored. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), James-Huell post hoc test, and Tukey's post hoc test.

In general, except for depression, which was not significant among the groups, Afghan teenage girls and boys with low quality of life were significantly different in terms of anxiety and aggression compared to Afghan teenage girls and boys with high quality of life. However, boys and girls with low quality of life did not differ from boys and girls with high quality of life in terms of social health.

Timely diagnosis and intervention regarding the mental and social health problems of Afghan teenagers living in Iran can reduce the occurrence of more severe mental health and social problems in the future and has a positive effect on the career and overall life of this group. Therefore, it is necessary to design and implement preventive, therapeutic, and educational interventions to improve the quality of life of Afghan teenagers.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between depression, anxiety, stress and impulsivity with eating disorders in obese people mediated by light eating.

The method of this study was correlational. The statistical population included all those who had a BMI above normal and referred to diet or nutrition centers in Tonekabon. Were selected as a research sample. The research instruments were the DUCH eating behavior questionnaire, the eat attitudes questionnaire, the Barrat impulsivity scale, and the DASS-21 Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale. Statistical data were analyzed using structural equation method with PLS.

Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between depression, anxiety, stress and impulsivity with eating disorders in obese people mediated by light eating. Also the variables of depression, anxiety, stress and impulsivity had a direct and significant relationship with eating disorders.

The results showed that the higher the psychological components in a person, the higher the rate of eating disorders in her and due to the importance of mental issues in physical health, it is necessary to teach coping skills with these psychological components.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of solution focused brief therapy (SFBT) on depression, stress, anxiety and academic adjustment in secondary school students during the Corona epidemic period.

To conduct this semi-experimental study, 30 female students from the second period of high school in Arak city were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and were placed into two experimental and control groups using random assignment. The experimental or intervention group received 8 90-minute training sessions on the concepts of the solution-oriented approach; while no intervention was given to the control group. Data were collected using depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-42) and Baker and Seriak's academic adjustment questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software version 25.

The results of the multivariate covariance analysis showed that educating the solution-oriented approach is significantly effective in reducing depression, stress and anxiety, as well as increasing the academic adjustment of students.

The findings of this research show that the short-term solution-oriented approach, as an approach that is designed for the short-term in nature, can be effective in dealing with the damages caused by Corona in the field of education, through reducing depression, stress and anxiety and accelerating academic adjustment.

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between negative emotions, fear of missing out, and being a victim of cyberbullying. This research was a descriptive-correlational study using structural equation modeling. The target population of the study was all adolescents aged 15 to 18 years old living in Tehran. The sample size of 400 cases was recruited from all parts of Tehran city. A questionnaire was sent to each participant with an informed consent document. The questionnaire included demographic information, The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 Items (DASS-21), the Fear of Missing Out Scale & Cyber-bullying Questionnaire. Data collection during the pandemic COVID-19 was fulfilled using online questionnaires. Analysis performed using Liesel Software for structural equation modeling.  The results of the research showed that Instagram is the first social network used by the adolescents of the population studied. The next social networks and online messengers used are WhatsApp, Telegram, Domestic Applications (Bale, Eitaa, Soroush, Shad), Skype, and Facebook in order. The direct effect of negative emotions on the fear of missing out and being the victim of bullying is significant. Also, the fear of missing out has a direct effect on being a victim of cyberbullying. On the other hand, the findings showed that negative emotions do not lead to cyberbullying victimization either directly or independently.

The Present article aimed to investigate the effectiveness of god-inclined therapy on the reduction of depression and anxiety and the increase of quality life of women with breast cancer(BC) in Tehran.

The present research was implemented in quasi-experimental method with pre-test and post-test design, control group and follow-up. The statistical population were all women with breast cancer(BC) under treatment in ShahreRey hospital of Tehran during 2022; among them30 women were selected in voluntarily purposeful method and appointed in two groups of experimental and control. The instruments were consisted of Beck’s depression and anxiety questionnaires and World’s Health Organizational questionnaire of quality of life. The validity was confirmed by the experts and the reliability was estimated and approved through Cronbach Alpha (α>0.07). Prior to the treatment, the depression, anxiety and quality of life tests were implemented for both groups. The experimental group had received a God- Inclined Spiritually Therapy through eight sessions. The control group had not received any treatment. Both groups repeatedly answered to the questionnaires, after implementing the intervention in post-test and follow-up stages. The data was analyzed through between-within mixed variance analysis.

The results revealed that god-inclined therapy was effective in the reduction of depression (F=5.02, P=0.03) and anxiety (F=11.16, P=0.001) and the increase of women`s quality of life (F=25.52, P=0.001), which was stable after 45days in follow-up stage (p<0.05).

According to the effectiveness and stability of god-inclined therapy, it is suggested to implement these god-inclined methods in health and treatment centers in order to improve cancer patients’ spiritual status.

his study aimed to determine the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty in the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism and university students’ depression, anxiety and stress. A number of 240 undergraduate and graduate students of Islamic Azad University Kermanshah branch in 2019-20 academic year were selected by convenience sampling method and responded to Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale (PNPS; Terry-Short et al, 1995), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS; Lavibond & Lavibond, 1995) and Uncertainty Intolerance Scale (IUS; Freeston et al, 1994). The results showed that maladaptive perfectionism had a significant positive correlation with depression, anxiety and stress, while adaptive perfectionism has a significant positive relationship only with stress and has no significant relationship with depression and anxiety. The results also showed that intolerance of uncertainty has a strong positive relationship with both adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism and depression, anxiety and stress. The results also indicated that the hypothesized model had a moderate fit with observed data and the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty in the relationship between research variables was not confirmed. The findings of the present study showed that the transdiagnostic structures have a significant effect on mental health and increasing the severity these variables carries the risk of reducing the quality of university students’ mental health.

A great majority of research has extensively identified that maladaptive perfectionism is highly related to more negative emotions, anxiety, hostility and shame. In comparison to this kind of maladaptive perfectionism, religious/spiritual perfectionism is a new term which has recently been introduced as an adaptive type of perfectionism but its effects on mental health indices and depression/anxiety symptoms have only been explored in few studies.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the moderating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between spiritual/religious perfectionism with mental health indices and depression/anxiety symptoms.

A total of 510 individuals (381 men, 126 women) participated in the study. Participants were asked to complete an onlie questionnaire including the Mental Health Invetory-28 (Veit & Ware, 1983), Depression/Anxiety/Stress Scale (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), (Spiritual/Religious Perfectionism Scale-14 (Besharat, 2019), and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski & Kraaij, 2006; Garnefski, Kraaij, & Spinhoven, 2001). Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Hierarchical Linear Regression were used to analyze the data.

Result showed that spiritual/religious perfectionism had a significant positive association with mental well-being and a significant negative association with mental distress and depression/anxiety symptoms (p<0.01). Result also revealed that although the relationship between spiritual/religious perfectionism with mental health indices and depression was not moderated by cognitive emotion regulation strategies, the relation between this kind of perfectionism and anxiety was moderated by maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (p<0.01).

Spiritual/religious perfectionism is an adaptive dimension of perfectionism and people who experience higher degrees of this type of perfectionism do not experience negative emotions, anxiety, and depression when they experience failure to achieve spiritual and religious perfection. Now, if some of these people use maladaptive emotion regulation strategies to regulate their unpleasant emotions, their anxiety will increase.