تاب آوری

The present study was conducted with the aim of formulating a model of marital distress based on communication patterns and attachment styles with the mediating role of resilience in homemaker women.

The present research had an applied objective and utilized a descriptive correlational method with a path analysis design for data collection. The statistical population of this study consisted of all homemaker women in the Narges Akbatan Community Group in Tehran during the first three months of the year 1401 (Solar Hijri calendar), from which 384 individuals were selected as the sample group, using convenience sampling. The research instruments included the Marital Distress Questionnaire, Communication Patterns Questionnaire, Attachment Styles Questionnaire, and Resilience Scale. Finally, the data were analyzed using the linear regression method within the path analysis framework, utilizing SPSS24 and AMOS23 software for statistical analysis.

The results showed that communication patterns, secure and anxious attachment styles have a direct relationship with marital distress in homemaker women (p < 0.01). Moreover, resilience was able to mediate the relationship between communication patterns and marital distress, as well as the relationship between secure and avoidant attachment styles and marital distress in homemaker women (p < 0.01).

The findings of this research indicate that in order to reduce marital distress in homemaker women, identifying couples' communication styles and attempting to change unhealthy communication patterns, through resilience-based training, counseling, and other interventions, can be effective.

Adolescents with conduct disorder often struggle with low levels of resilience and flexibility, leading to their peer rejection and social isolation.

The present study was aimed at determining the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on resilience and flexibility in adolescents with conduct disorder.

This semi-experimental study utilized a pre-test and post-test control group design. The statistical population consisted of all male inmates aged 15 to 18 at the Juvenile Correction and Rehabilitation Center in Sari, Iran referred by judicial order in the first quarter of 2023. From this population, 30 individuals were diagnosed with conduct disorder through clinical interviews, selected through purposive sampling, and randomly assigned to two 15-person experimental and control groups. Data were collected using the Wagnild and Youngs’s Resilience Scale (1990) and the Dennis and Vander Wal Flexibility Inventory (2010). Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the data.

The results of analysis of the data exhibited a significant difference in resilience and flexibility between the experimental and control groups at the post-test stage (P<0.05); Acceptance and Commitment Therapy resulted in increased flexibility and resilience in adolescent boys with conduct disorder.

Given the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in improving resilience and flexibility in adolescents with conduct disorder, this approach can be utilized by counselors and psychologists in counseling and psychotherapy centers to help enhance the psychological and emotional capabilities of adolescents with conduct disorder.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent hormonal disorders in women, leading to extensive physical, psychological, and social consequences. Body image, referring to an individual's perception of their physical appearance, and weight self-efficacy, defined as confidence in one's ability to manage weight effectively, are critical psychological aspects for individuals with PCOS. However, the role of body image flexibility in influencing weight self-efficacy and the mediating effect of resilience has not been fully explored.

The aim of this study was to develop a structural model of the relationships among body image flexibility, weight self-efficacy, and resilience in women diagnosed with PCOS.

This research employed a correlational descriptive design utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population comprised all women and girls diagnosed with PCOS attending Kamali Hospital in Karaj during 2023–2024. A total of 600 participants were selected through purposive sampling and completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003), Weight Self-Efficacy Scale (Clark et al., 1991), and Body Image Flexibility Scale (Magallanes, 2015). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and SEM with SmartPLS 4 software.

The analysis of significant pathways indicated that body image flexibility positively and significantly affected resilience, which, in turn, positively influenced weight self-efficacy among women with PCOS (p< 0.05). Conversely, body image inflexibility indirectly exerted a negative effect on weight self-efficacy (p< 0.05). These findings suggest that body image flexibility enhances resilience, which acts as a mediating factor to improve weight self-efficacy in women with PCOS (p< 0.05).

Findings from studies like this can inform the development of intervention models aimed at enhancing body image flexibility and resilience, ultimately improving weight self-efficacy. These interventions could significantly aid the treatment process for women with PCOS

Adolescence with special risks during puberty and social crises can provide the ground for the occurrence or exacerbation of psychological problems, since this period is a sensitive and decisive stage, the use of educational and therapeutic approaches to increase the level of flexibility and resilience against problems is of particular importance.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of positive training on students' cognitive flexibility and resilience.

This study is an applied study in terms of a quasi-experimental method from a series of pre-tests, post-tests, and two-month follow-ups with a control group. The statistical population of this study included 11th-grade female students in Tehran in the academic year 2021-2022. The sample consisted of 42 11th-grade female students in Tehran who were selected by multi-stage random sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Data were collected using the Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (Dennis & VanderWaal, 2010) and the Resilience Questionnaire (Connor & Davidson, 2003) in three stages: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The experimental group received 14 sessions of 90-minute positivity training based on the educational program (Rashid, 2014) and the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS.27 software and repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results showed that positive attitude training is effective on students' flexibility and resilience (P< 0.05). The results showed a difference between the mean scores of the pre-test and post-test of the experimental and control groups in terms of resilience and resilience. The effect of the intervention was also maintained at follow-up.

These results suggest that positivity training can be used as an evidence-based intervention to improve students' psychological resilience and resilience in students' counseling centers and psychological services.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of child-centered mindfulness training on resilience and academic vitality of students with specific learning disorders. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a follow-up period of two-month. The statistical population included all second period of primary school male students with specific learning disorders who referred to learning disorders centers in district 3 of Shiraz city in 2023-2024. The sampling method was purposeful. In this way, 30 primary school students with disabilities were selected and then randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people each). The tools used included the academic vitality questionnaire Martin and Marsh and the child and adolescent resilience questionnaire Angar and Liebenberg. The experimental group received 10 sessions of 50 minutes per week, twice in child-centered mindfulness skills training sessions (Burdick, 2014; translated by Monshai, Hosseini Mazal Azad and Tayibi, 2016). The collected data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance. The results showed that child-centered mindfulness training increases resilience and academic vitality of students with special learning disorders. Therefore, child-centered mindfulness training can be used in schools for students with specific learning disorders.

The current study is a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The purpose of this research is to investigate the dialectical behavior therapy on the responsibility and resilience of Alzheimer's caregivers in Kashmar city, which was implemented in the spring of 1402. The statistical population included all caregivers of Alzheimer's patients in Kashmir. which were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups with an equal amount of (15) people by random sampling method. Glen and Nelson's (1998) accountability questionnaire and Connor and Davidson's (2003) resilience questionnaire were used to collect information. became. The scores of the subjects were evaluated before and after the intervention. The experimental group of dialectical behavior therapy techniques (8) received a 90-minute session, while the control group was placed on the waiting list. Data analysis was done through SPSS 22 statistical test. The results of covariance analysis showed that dialectical behavior therapy has an effect on the responsibility and resilience of Alzheimer's caregivers. The results of the components of responsibility and resilience also show the effect of behavioral therapy techniques.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between family cohesion and functioning and resilience with emotional divorce in married women referring to counseling centers in Ahvaz. The present research is applied in terms of purpose, In terms of the research method, the current research was descriptive of the correlation type. The statistical population of the research consisted of all married women who were referred to Ahvaz counseling centers. The Sampling method was available. Based on the formula of Fidel and Tabachenik (2007), 106 people were selected from the mentioned population, which was increased to 120 people in terms of caution. The research tools included four standard scales of Olson, Portner and Levy (1985), Family Functioning Tavitian et al. (1987), Connor-Davidson's resilience (2003), and Gottman's emotional divorce (1995). Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to test the research hypotheses.  The Analysis of the results showed that the variables of resilience and family performance are significant predictors of emotional divorce. There is a significant relationship between family cohesion and its components in married women and emotional divorce. There is an inverse and significant relationship between family functioning and emotional divorce, and with increasing the average family function and its components increase, the average emotional divorce of married women decreases. No significant relationship was observed between the components of family communication and family support and encouragement with emotional divorce. There is an inverse and significant relationship between resilience in married women and emotional divorce and as the average resilience increases, the average emotional divorce decreases.

This research was conducted to determine the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between mindfulness and social support with resilience in students. The present study was descriptive-correlation by structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of the research included students of Islamic Azad University, Najaf Abad branch in the academic year 2023. In this study, 230 people were selected by random sampling of the cluster and were assigned to the Freiburg Mindfulness Questionnaire (FMI; Walach et al., 2006), the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (MSPSS; Zimet et al., 1988), the Short Form of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-SF, Raes et al., 2011) and the Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC; Connor and Davidson, 2003) answered. Structural equation analysis was used to analyze data. The findings showed that the proposed model has a favorable fit. Also, the findings showed that mindfulness, social support, and self-compassion had a direct and significant effect on resilience; Also, mindfulness and social support had a direct and significant effect on self-compassion (P< 0.05). The result of the bootstrap test showed that self-compassion played a mediating role in the relationship between social support and resilience; Also, the results showed self-compassion between mindfulness and resilience played a mediating role (P<0.05). Finally, it can be concluded that social support and mindfulness directly and through self-compassion affect resilience.

The purpose of this research was the effectiveness of psychological resilience on psychological well-being and educational adaptation of children with oppositional defiant disorder. It was a semi-experimental research design of pre-test-post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all children aged 9-12 years with oppositional defiant disorder in Urmia city in 2023. The sample size includes 30 subjects (15 subject in the experimental group and 15 subject in the control group) from the statistical population were selected by available sampling method and they were placed in two control and experimental groups. For the experimental group, psychological resilience intervention was implemented, while the control group did not receive training. The research tools included the Sterling Children's Well-Being Scale and Educational Adaptation Questionnaire. The data was analyzed using the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements. The results showed that the F level of the interaction effect of stages and group was significant for the variables of psychological well-being (31.284) and educational adaptation (19.048) (P<0.001). Also, is significant the difference between the scores of psychological well-being and educational adaptation in the pre-test and post-test stages and as well as pre-test and follow-up. The findings of this research provide useful information regarding the psychological resilience intervention and counselors and psychologists can use this intervention to improve the psychological well-being and educational adaptation of children with oppositional defiant disorder.

 This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Imago therapy and narrative therapy on regret about spouse selection, marital burnout, and resilience in women who have experienced domestic violence.

 This semi-experimental study employed a pretest-posttest design with a three-month follow-up. The statistical population included women subjected to domestic violence who referred to counseling centers in Isfahan during the fall of 2022. A total of 54 participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups (Imago therapy, narrative therapy, and control). The interventions were conducted in 10 weekly 90-minute sessions for the experimental groups. Data collection tools included Schwartz's Regret about Spouse Selection Scale, Pines’ Marital Burnout Scale, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RIS). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests.

 The results of repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant main effects of time and group for all three variables (p < 0.01). Additionally, the interaction effect of time and group was significant for regret about spouse selection (F = 9.59, p < 0.01), marital burnout (F = 5.61, p = 0.01), and resilience (F = 10.11, p < 0.01). Bonferroni post hoc tests indicated that Imago therapy had a greater effect compared to narrative therapy in reducing regret about spouse selection (MD = -1.10, p = 0.04) and marital burnout (MD = -3.80, p = 0.02) as well as in increasing resilience (MD = 2.90, p = 0.03).

 Imago therapy and narrative therapy are effective interventions for improving relationship quality and enhancing resilience in women affected by domestic violence. However, Imago therapy demonstrated superior efficacy compared to narrative therapy. Incorporating these approaches into counseling programs can provide practical solutions for addressing marital and psychological challenges in this population.

Parents of children with intellectual disability face special challenges in resilience and cognitive flexibility, and need training and planning. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the impact of emotion regulation strategies training on resilience and cognitive flexibility of mothers of children with intellectual disability. This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all the mothers of children with intellectual disability in Isfahan city in the academic year 2022-2023. The sample consisted of 32 mothers who were selected from exceptional schools using convenience sampling method. They were randomly assigned into two groups of 16 people and replaced in one of the experimental groups and control group. All subjects completed the resilience scale (Connor-Davidson, 2003) and the cognitive flexibility inventory (Dennis & VanderWal, 2010) as a pre-test. The experimental group participated in the emotion regulation strategies training program for 8 sessions, but the control group used the common school program. The statistical method of univariate covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the emotion regulation strategies training had a significant effect on the resilience and cognitive flexibility of mothers of children with intellectual disability (P<0.001). The results indicated that this program was useful and effective for improving resilience and cognitive flexibility of these mothers. It is suggested to use the emotion regulation strategies program to train parents of children with intellectual disability to improve their resilience and cognitive flexibility. As a result, planning to emotion regulation strategies training plays an important role in resilience and cognitive flexibility in mothers of children with intellectual disability.

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between spiritual intelligence and interpersonal forgiveness with the mediating role of resilience in the spouses of methadone maintenance patients. This descriptive-correlational study was of the structural equation modeling type. The statistical population of this study was the spouses of people undergoing methadone maintenance treatment in the city of Rodsar in 2023. 219 people participated in this study using the available method, and they used the self-report questionnaire of spiritual intelligence (SISRI; King, 2008), the interpersonal forgiveness scale (IFS; Ehtsham Zadeh et al., 2019), and the Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC; Connor and Davidson, 2023) And in total of 219 questionnaires were analyzable. The data were analyzed by the structural equation modeling method. The findings of the research showed that the proposed model was a good fit. The results showed that the direct effects of spiritual intelligence on interpersonal forgiveness, spiritual intelligence on resilience, and resilience on interpersonal kindness were significant. (P<0.05). The results of Bootstrap showed resilience played a mediating role in the relationship between spiritual intelligence and interpersonal agreeableness (P<0.05). The results indicate that spiritual intelligence has a direct and mediating role in resilience in increasing interpersonal forgiveness.

Depression is one of the common disabling and recurring psychological disorders that causes obvious changes in the individual’s different biological, cognitive, nervous, and emotional functions. Depression is also considered as the second most common cognitive disorder, and therefore it has attracted the attention of many researchers around the world. Among the existing physical and mental diseases, depression is considered one of the most important global issues and problems, which according to the definition of the World Health Organization is the most important mood disorders. Some common symptoms of depression include: feelings of sadness, emptiness, hopelessness, worthlessness or guilt, loss of interest in activities that one used to enjoy, having trouble thinking, concentrating or making decisions, difficulty falling and staying asleep or sleeping too much, fatigue and lack of energy, changes in appetite, unexplained physical problems, thoughts of not wanting to live or hurting oneself. Depression is also a common, costly, and debilitating disease that imposes a heavy burden on global societies and can affect people of any age, gender, race, culture, social class or education level. However, people with a family history of depression, chronic pain or those who have experienced major life changes, trauma or stress may be at a higher risk of developing depression. The aim of the present study was to compare effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for rumination, cognitive flexibility, resilience, and perceived stress among the women suffering from depression in Andimeshk city. 

The statistical population included all women referred to psychiatric clinics. 45 patients were randomly assigned into three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). Measuring research variables with the help of Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow’s rumination questionnaire (1991), Dennis and Vanderwaal's (2010) cognitive flexibility, Connor, and Davidson's (2003) resilience, and Cohen et al.'s (1983) perceived stress questionnaire were used. At first, after obtaining the necessary permits and coordination with the psychiatric clinics of the city, all women referred to the psychiatric clinics who were suspected of symptoms of depression were screened by a psychiatrist. The initial diagnosis was made by a psychiatrist, and then, to make the diagnosis more certain, the clinical interview of SKID 5 was conducted by the researcher. According to the criteria for entering the research, 30 patients who were willing to cooperate in the research were randomly assigned into two groups (an experimental group of 15 people each and a control group of 15 people). 

Analysis was done using analysis of covariance, two-way variance analysis and repeated measures and Ben Ferroni’s follow-up test. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy compared to cognitive behavioral therapy for rumination; No difference was observed in the effectiveness of the two approaches for cognitive flexibility and perceived stress. The results of the present study indicated that there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of both treatment methods on the three variables of cognitive flexibility, resilience, and perceived stress. There was a difference between the two treatments only in the variable of rumination, so that the effectiveness of the treatment based on acceptance and commitment was confirmed. Regarding cognitive behavioral therapy, no evidence was found to confirm its effectiveness. 

Both approaches can be considered as effective methods for reduction of the symptoms of depression; cognitive behavioral therapy helps the individual identify the negative mental patterns such as self-criticism, hopelessness and feelings of worthlessness; and by identifying and challenging these distressing cognitive patterns, CBT exercises help the individual change their negative thinking patterns and improve their emotional well-being. Acceptance and commitment therapy, on the other hand, empowers the individual to accept their emotions without judgement and commit to actions aligned with their values as opposed to their symptoms of depression; and this is how ACT reduces the impact of depressive thoughts and feelings. Moreover, ACT was shown to be effective for rumination. In explaining the effectiveness of ACT for rumination it can be said that teaching different methods of challenging irrational thoughts and choosing a correct approach to the problem through mechanisms such as acceptance, increasing awareness, desensitizing, being at the moment, observing without judgement, confronting, and letting go can reduce rumination symptoms in individuals. In other words, ACT helps people to experience their disturbing thoughts only as a thought at first and do what is important to themselves in life and in line with their values, and accept their thoughts and manage unwanted thoughts and feelings. Finally, it is necessary to evaluate and compare effectiveness of the two methods for depression related variables in different groups as well.

Adolescence is a challenging developmental stage in which adolescents experience significant changes in their academic and work life due to the mismatch between developmental needs and the learning environment during puberty. Self-efficacy in adolescence is considered one of the most important factors for positive development. In Bandura's social-cognitive theory, this concept means an individual's confidence in their abilities to control their thoughts, feelings, actions, and perform effectively in stressful situations. Self-efficacy, as a predictive personality trait, can be influential in various aspects of adolescents' personal, social, and academic life. Among the important abilities in adolescence is a set of psychological abilities known as positive psychological capital. Psychological capital is the positive aspect of human life and is defined based on personal understanding, having a goal to achieve success and stability against problems. Psychological capital is an integrated and interconnected structure of which resilience is a part. Resilience is defined as the process of optimal adaptation in the face of problems, traumatic events, threats, or any stressful situation that may occur in life.Resilience is an ability and skill that enables a person to adapt to problems and challenges. This factor contributes to the positive development process of adolescence. This study examined the effect of the relationship between optimism with resilience with the mediation of self-efficacy in adolescence. 

The aim of the present study is applied research and correlational data collection which is done through structural equation modeling. The participants are male and female sixth graders and first and second high school students who were studying in Bushehr in 1400-1401. 12 schools were randomly selected from each Bushehr elementary, first, and second high school. To test the research hypothesis, 600 students were selected through using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Due to the conditions and limitations of the coronavirus disease, questionnaires were provided to students via social media such as Shad, Telegram, and WhatsApp, and eventually, out of 600 distributed questionnaires, 97 questionnaires were rejected and 503 questionnaires with valid information were identified and used in the analysis. Instruments included were a questionnaire Muris's (2001) Self-Efficacy Scales (SEQ-C), DeCaroli John and Sagon's (2014) Resilience Questionnaire, and Sher and Carver's (1985) optimism questionnaire. Analysis with the help of structural equation modeling was performed using SPSS and AMOS-24. In this study for the final assessment of questionnaires to measure Self-Efficacy, Resilience, and optimism Cronbach's alpha was used, and its values, respectively, were 0.90, 0.91, and 0.62.

Based on the presented model, the relationship between optimism and resilience was confirmed with the mediation of self-efficacy in adolescence; The results showed there was a positive and significant relationship between optimism, self-efficacy with resilience. There was a positive and significant relationship between optimism and self-efficacy directly. There was a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy and resilience directly. Furthermore, the results of the Bootstrap test showed that the path of optimism is significant indirectly through self-efficacy with resilience (p<0.01). Based on the presented model, the relationship between optimism by comparing the parameters of the proposed model with the final model, it can be concluded that the final model has a better fit than the data. The model's CFI fit index was above 0.92, and the RMSEA was equal to 0.09, indicating that the model was a good fit for the data. Considering the moderating role of gender in the structural equation model and the resilience variable, a separate model was drawn for girls and boys, and the results show that all relationships are positive and significant, and the relationship between self-efficacy and resilience is better in boys than in girls. 

According to the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the closer we get to adolescence, the effect of optimism decreases and also there is a positive and significant relationship between optimism and resilience through the mediation of self-efficacy. Optimism can have a significant impact on adolescents' self-efficacy and self-assertiveness, making them to feel more empowered when facing challenges. Highly optimistic adolescents have more resilience characteristics than adolescents with low optimism; High self-efficacy teenagers have higher resilience than people with low self-efficacy; The more optimistic the teenagers were, the more self-efficacy they had. One quality that distinguishes resilient people is optimism. These people are not psychologically harmed and have a positive outlook on life's challenges, which makes them more resilient to adversity even in the face of risk and difficulty. Resilient people have plans and goals for the future, find meaning in life, and, because of their high level of optimism, do not give up easily and instead put in more effort when they fail.

Mothers of children with learning disabilities face many challenges, especially in the fields of resilience and anger management, and considering the cultural and religious context of Iran, it seems that teaching positive thinking skills with emphasis on religious teachings is effective in this field. As a result, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of teaching positive thinking skills with emphasis on religious teachings on resilience and anger management in mothers of children with learning disorder.

Methods and Materials: 

This research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was a semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The study statistical population was the mothers of children with learning disorder in the 16th district of Tehran city in 2023 year. The sample of the research was 30 people who were selected by purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned into two equal groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of 90 minute by teaching positive thinking skills with emphasis on religious teachings and during this time the control group did not receive any intervention. The research tools were included Connor and Davidson's resilience scale (2003) and Spielberger's anger management inventory (1999) and its data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance method in SPSS version 25 software.

The findings showed that teaching positive thinking skills with emphasis on religious teachings increased resilience and anger management in mothers of children with learning disorder (P<0.05).

According to the results of this study, to improve resilience and anger management can be used the teaching positive thinking skills with emphasis on religious teachings method along with other educational methods.

The purpose of this study was to developing a training package for promoting Resilience and Evaluating its Effect on Resilience and Job Stress in Satellite Employees of IOTC. This research was conducted using mixed method. In the qualitative part to collect data used semi-structured need-based interviews with satellite staff and to analysis of data used inductive content analysis. The results of the first stage of qualitative part showed that individual, family, organizational and social factors are effective on the resilience of satellite employees and compiling the training package based on this factors. In the quantitative part, used semi-experimental method with pre-test, post-test and follow-up test of experimental and control groups.The statistical population included all satellite employees of IOTC. The sampling method in the qualitative part was theoretical (purposeful) and in the quantitative part was simple random that 30 satellite employees were randomly divided into two groups of 15 experimental and control. For data collection, 25-item Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaires (2003) with Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of 0.994 and National Institute for Health and Safety job stress Questionnaires (1990) with Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of 0.991 were used. The experimental group was trained in 9 sessions of 90 minutes by a psychologist in the presence of the researcher and the control group did not receive any training. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and multivariate analysis of covariance. Finding showed that due to implementation of the training package, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of resilience and job stress in the post-test and follow-up stage, which increased resilience and job stress scores in the experimental group, so it can be concluded that the training package was effective in promoting resilience and reducing job stress of satellite staff.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the most psychologically affecting cancer among women all over the world. This disease has profound effects on women's various functions in life and causes deep emotional and emotional problems in them. The purpose of this research was to investigate the mediating role of coping strategies and resilience in the relationship between stressful life events and positive and negative emotions in women with breast cancer. The current research project is a correlational study. The statistical population included all women with breast cancer who referred to the breast clinic of Ibn Sina Hospital in Tehran in 2019-2019. A total of 217 people were included in the study using available sampling method. In order to collect research data, Lazarus and Folkman (1985) Coping Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (2003), Khodayari Fard's Stressful Life Events Questionnaire (2016), and Watson's Positive and Negative Affect Questionnaire (1988) were used. Data analysis was done with SPSS and AMOS software. Path analysis was used to investigate the mediating effect of each of the variables of coping and emotional strategies and resilience on positive and negative emotions. Resilience and coping skills had a significant mediating role between stressful life events and positive and negative emotions. Based on the fitted model (GFI=0.93, CFI=0.920, CMIN/DF=5.4), about 88% of changes in positive affect and 29% of changes in negative affect were explained by predictor variables entered into the model. . The indirect relationship of stressful life events through coping strategies with positive emotion (z = -7.03, β = -0.193)and with negative emotion (z = 4.73, z = 166, 0.001) β = 0.00) was statistically significant. In other words, stressful life events had a negative and indirect relationship with positive emotion, and a positive and indirect relationship with negative emotion. Also, the indirect relationship of stressful life events through emotional strategies with positive affect (z = -6.57, β = -0.168) and with negative affect (z = 3.27, 0.001) β = 0.093) was statistically significant. In other words, stressful life events through emotional coping strategies had a negative and indirect relationship with positive emotion, and a positive and indirect relationship with negative emotion. In addition, the indirect relationship of stressful life events through resilience with positive affect (z = -5.36, β = -0.199) and with negative affect (z = -0.002, 3.02) z, β = 0.07) was statistically significant. In other words, stressful life events through resilience had a negative and indirect relationship with positive emotion, and a positive and indirect relationship with negative emotion. Stress management training in women with cancer is very important and training them to use appropriate coping strategies to reduce negative emotions is an important step. Also, educational interventions regarding the promotion of resilience skills after primary cancer treatment are necessary.

The objective of the present study was to examine the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between emotion regulation strategies and the use of social networks by female teachers. This research was descriptive and correlational in nature. The study population comprised female elementary teachers in Chabahar city during the 2023-2024 academic year. A total of 200 individuals were selected through the convenience sampling method and completed the social network usage questionnaire, the emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ), and the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC). The data were subjected to path analysis. The findings revealed a statistically significant negative correlation between reappraisal and resilience, and use of social networks (P < 0.01). The path model also demonstrated an acceptable fit, indicating that resilience plays a mediating role in the relationship between emotion regulation strategies and the use of social networks. In light of the findings, it is imperative that teachers receive targeted training to enhance their emotion regulation and resilience, with a view to fostering positive outcomes in their use of social networks.