تحمل بلاتکلیفی

The rule is that humans prefer certainty to uncertainty, that is, when we know that there is a future, but we do not know what will happen in the future, people choose to be shocked in the present rather than wait for an unpredictable situation. This creates the conditions for anxiety in everyone, and it depends on how much one can tolerate uncertainty. The present research was conducted with the aim of identifying and presenting the uncertainty tolerance model to reduce anxiety based on Islamic sources. This research is a basic research in terms of its purpose and qualitative in terms of its approach. In order to analyze the components, the descriptive-explanatory sentences found in Islamic texts and the "content analysis" method were used in the framework of the "method of modeling psychological concepts and structures from Islamic texts (Verses and Hadiths)" method, and documentary method techniques were used to collect information. By seven expert experts, three concepts were obtained: self-assurance, confidence, and peace of mind, based on which, the dimensions and components of uncertainty tolerance were explained, and finally, the considered model was presented.Tolerance of uncertainty in the Islamic approach has two fundamental components, one is "God-awareness" and the other is "perception and harmony with monotheistic realities", which forms the basis of this personality trait by creating a "positive belief in uncertainty", and the person does not feel defeated in ambiguous and uncertain situations with "satisfaction/acceptance", "benevolence", "trust", and "delegation", and his anxiety is reduced.

Aim: This study was carried out in order to examine the efficacy of tolerance of uncertainty training based on cognitive-behavioral therapy (Dugas, 2007) on worry and intolerance of uncertainty in the treatment of individuals with generalized anxiety disorder.
This study was quasi- experimental with pre-test and post-test analysis and control group and the statistical population included 48 patients with generalized anxiety disorder referred to Akhavan Private Clinic in Tehran in 2013. Eghiteen patients who suffered from GAD only, were selected according to availability and were selected none randomly using structured clinical interview (Spitzer, Gibbon & Williams, 1996). Once selected, patients were randomly placed into an experimental and a control group and completed the Penn state worry questionnaire (Meyer, Miller, Metzger & Borkovec, 1990), as well as the intolerance of uncertainty scale (Freeston, Rheauma, Litarte, Dugas & Ladouceur, 1994) in pre-test, post-test and follow up. The training program was carried out with the experimental group for nine weekly sessions of ninety- minute duration each.
Results of this research showed that the means of worry and intolerance of uncertainty in the experimental group, in post-test and follow-up period were reduced significantly in comparison with the control group.
Tolerance of uncertainty training based on cognitive behavioral therapy has appropriate efficacy in the treatment of individuals with generalized anxiety disorder.