ترس از صمیمیت

This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of an intensive and short-term psychodynamic approach to the fear of intimacy and emotional regulation of adolescents. The study was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a follow-up period after three months. The statistical population of the research was all teenagers aged 15 to 18 in Rasht city in 2023, of which 34 people were selected as a sample using the available sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups (17 people) and control groups (17 people). They got. The experimental group participated in the intensive short-term dynamic psychology approach program (Davanloo, 1996) for 10 sessions of 60 minutes. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) by Gratz & Roemer (2004) and the Fear of Intimacy Questionnaire (FIS) by Descutner & Thelen (1991) were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance, for this purpose SPSS statistical software was used. The findings showed that the intensive and short-term psychodynamic approach and evidence a significant reduction in the scores of fear of intimacy and difficulty in regulating emotions in the experimental group compared to the control group, in the post-test (P<0.01) and follow-up (P<0.05) stages. Also, this difference in the follow-up phase was significant at the 0.05 level. It can be concluded that the intensive and short-term psychodynamic approach can be effective in the fear of intimacy and emotional regulation of teenagers.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of empathy training on feelings of shame guilt and fear of intimacy in women with insecure attachment. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included all married female clients of family care centers (Talia and Irani) related to the welfare of Tehran city in 1401-1402. The sample size of the research included 40 women who were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups (20 people in each group). The research tool included the guilt and shame proneness scale (GASP) of Cohen et al. (2011) and the fear of intimacy (FIS) Descatner and Thelan (1991). The control group did not receive any intervention, but the research experimental group received empathy intervention during 8 sessions of 120 minutes in 8 weeks Multivariate covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that with pre-test control, there was a significant difference between the post-test average of feelings of shame and guilt and fear of intimacy in the two experimental and control groups at the level of 0.01. The results showed empathy training is probably an effective treatment for feelings of shame guilt and fear of intimacy in women with insecure attachment.

The purpose of this study was the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on fear of intimacy, hostility biases, and meta-emotion in women affected by marital breach. The present study was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included married women affected by the breach of marital contracts in counseling centers related to the welfare of Tehran in 1402. 30 people from the statistical population were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group received 12 sessions of 90 minutes of emotion-based intervention. The research tools included the Fear of Intimacy Scale (FIS) of Descanter and Thelan (1999), the Hostility Biases Questionnaire (HBQ) of Arntz et al. (2003), and the Meta-Emotion Scale (MES) of Meitmangruber et al. (2009). The results of the multivariate covariance analysis test showed that by controlling the pre-test effect, there was a significant difference at the level of 0.01 between the average fear of intimacy and hostility biases and meta-emotion in the two experimental and control groups. The results showed that emotion-focused therapy is an effective method to increase meta-emotion and reduce fear of intimacy and hostility biases.

The purpose of this study was to predict being abused in close relationship based on communicational patterns and fear of intimacy in married women. The method of this research is descriptive-correlational.

This study was a correlation study, in which 300 married women in Tehran were selected through convenience sampling and they completed the Communication Patterns Questionnaire – short form (CPQ- SF) (Christense & Heavy, 1990), Fear of intimacy scale (Descatner & Thelen, 1991), and the Spouse abuse questionnaire (Gahary, Atefvahid & Yoosefy, 2006). The data was analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression.

Study showed that there was a significant positive relation between female demands, male withdrawal, and being abused (r=%236; P≤000). Also there was a significant positive relation between male demanding, female withdraws (r=%324; P≤0/01), female demand, male withdraw (r=%131; P≤0/05), positive interaction pattern (r=%214; P≤0/01), withdraw with fear of intimacy. Positive interaction pattern (r=%194; P≤0/001) and female demand, male withdraw pattern (r=%236; P≤000) predicted being abused.

As a result, it can be said that the communication pattern of female demand, male withdraw and positive interaction pattern of a couple's relationship can create a challenge that causes spousal abuse.

Personality disorders are among the disorders that have a great impact on a person's life. The aim of the present study was to analyze the differentiation of cluster B personality disorders based on the theory of mind, time perspective, social anxiety, and fear of intimacy. 

The design of the present study was comparatively causal and descriptive in terms of data collection. The statistical population included all individuals with cluster B personality disorders in areas 1 and 2 of Tehran. According to the number of groups and the number of differential variables, the sample size was estimated to be 120 people and finally, 116 of the complete and valid questionnaires were collected. Participants answered the theory of mind, time perspective, social anxiety, and fear of intimacy questionnaires. In order to analyze the data, the differential analysis method with SPSS-23 was used. 

The results showed that there was no significant difference in the theory of mind and fear of intimacy between the groups. But there was a significant difference between the components of time perspective, including the past - negative, hedonistic present, future, transcendent future, positive past, and present - destiny. In the variable of social anxiety, only in the fear of social isolation component, there was a significant difference between the studied groups. 

Considering the role of purity of landscape variables and social anxiety in people with B-cluster personality disorder, these variables can be used for differential diagnosis as well as intervention design.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of satisfying basic psychological needs, difficulty in regulating emotion, and Feeling lonely in predicting fear of intimacy in female sex workers. This research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study is all women referring to the Drop-In Center (DIC) in Tehran in the second six months of 1399, from which 50 people entered the study by convenience sampling. Research tools include fear of intimacy inventory (Dekatner and Telen, 1991),  The Basic Needs Satisfaction in General Scale (La Guardia et al, 2000),  difficulties in emotion regulation scale (Grits and Roemer, 2004), and the short form of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults ( Ditommaso et al, 2004). Pearson correlation and simultaneous linear regression were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that feeling lonely and having difficulty in regulating emotion had a positive and significant relationship with fear of intimacy and satisfaction of basic psychological needs had a negative and significant relationship with fear of intimacy (P <0.01). Also, regression results showed that the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, difficulty in regulating emotion, and loneliness were able to predict 0.76 fear of intimacy in female sex workers (P <0.05). Given that the fear of intimacy in female sex workers is affected by dissatisfaction with basic psychological needs, difficulty in regulating emotion, and Feeling lonely, holding workshops based on these concepts in this group of women seems necessary.

Understanding the influential variables on coupleschr('39') sexual problems can be applied in prevention and treatment programs. The purpose of the present study was to predict sexual problems based on fear of intimacy and procrastination. For this purpose, 220 married students from Tehran universities (130 women, 90 men) in the academic year 2019 participated in this study and completed the Fear of Intimacy Scale (Descutner & Thelen, 1991), the Pure Procrastination Scale (Steel, 2010), and the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Status Questionnaire (Golombok & Rust, 1986). To analyze the data, correlation coefficients were calculated and stepwise regression was run. The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between fear of intimacy and sexual problems, and also between procrastination and sexual problems Which is significant at the level (p≥ 0.01). R2  is the first step concluded 0.52, and in step 2 concluded 0.56 Which is significant at the level (p≥ 0.01). Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that fear of intimacy and procrastination can predict sexual problems and fear of intimacy is a stronger predictor of sexual problems than procrastination. investigating these variables in individuals can help prevent and treat sexual problems effectual and improve marital satisfaction.

The aim of this study was to predict latent marital aggression and fear of intimacy based on self-compassion with the role of mediating guilt in employed married people.

The present study was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method of collecting descriptive information with correlation method and the statistical population of the study was 10,000 married people working in the Broadcasting Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Tehran. Using Cochran's formula, 350 people Married people were randomly selected as a sample and answered the questions of Reese (2011), Compassionate Fear of Descotner and Tellen (1991), Hidden Communication Aggression Nelson and Carroll (2006) and Tanjeni, Wagner and Gomez (1989). . Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis were used for analysis.

The results of data analysis showed that between self-compassion on latent aggression was associated with mediated guilt (β = 0.16, P = 0.01) and self-compassion on fear of intimacy mediated through guilt (β = 0.19). P = 0.01 has a significant relationship.

According to the obtained results, guilt can play a mediating role between self-compassion and latent aggression and fear of role intimacy in married people.

Girls chr('39')distrust of the opposite sex is one of the factors that causes problems in girlschr('39') lives. The problem is, the efficacy of group re-decision therapy and time perspective on various variables has been confirmed, but the effect of these two treatments on interpersonal trust, desire to marry, fear of intimacy, and hope in distrustful girls has been neglected.

To compare the efficacy of group decision-making and time perspective on interpersonal trust, desire to marry, fear of intimacy and hope in distrustful girls in Bandar Abbas city.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population included single mistrusted girls in Bandar Abbas city in 2018. 51 individuals were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly divided into three groups: re-decision experiment, time perspective test and control. Research instruments include: Relief Questionnaires in Rumble and Holmes Interpersonal Relationships (1986), Student Version of Heidari et al. Karimian et al. (2016) Re-decision Therapy and Zimbardo, Esworth & Asord (2012). Data analysis was performed using ANCOVA test.

Group therapy re-decision making on increasing confidence level (p<0.01), on marital readiness (p< 0/05), on attitude to marriage (p< 0/05). P< 0/05), had a significant effect on hope (p< 0/01) and decreased level of fear of intimacy (p< 0/01). Also, group therapy of time perspective on increasing level of trust
(p< 0/01), on marriage readiness (p= 0/05), on attitude to marriage (p< 0/05), on hope (p< 0/05) and The effect of fear reduction on intimacy was significant (p< 0/01).

Students who participated in the teaching of spiritual intelligence based on Quranic teachings and the teaching of spiritual intelligence based on Bowlchr('39')s view gained higher psychological well-being.

Several studies have investigated the effect of communication and schema therapy on couple's fear of intimacy. But there is a research gap on the effectiveness of integrated communication skills training and schema therapy on women's fear of intimacy.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of integrated communication skills and schema therapy on fear of intimacy in women referred to Isfahan clinics.

This study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population was all women referred to counseling clinics in Isfahan in winter of 2018. Thirty subjects were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups (n= 15). Research tools are: Dekatner & Telen (1991) Intimacy Fear Questionnaire (FIS) and Taheri Integrated Skills Therapy and Schema Therapy Sessions Taheri (2015). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

Communication Skills and Schema Therapy training had an effect on fear of intimacy in Isfahan clinics (p< 0/05).

Fear of intimacy of women referred to Isfahan clinics based on communication skills and schema therapy was improved.

Marital adjustment measures the quality of couple relationships. so, finding variables relative to marital adjustment can affect the development of related goals in improving quality level of couple relationships. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and marital adjustment and to study the meditational role of fear of intimacy in relationship between early maladaptive schemas and marital adjustment. The method of this research was correlation (path analysis). The population of this research was married people in kashan in 2017. 250 married people were selected by accessible sampling. The instruments of this research was Dyadic Adjustment Scale Of Spanier (DAS), Short Form Of Yaung Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ-SF) and Fear Of Intimacy Scale (FIS). Data analysed by pearson correlation with Amos 21 Gruphic and Spss 21 softwares. Results showed that there was a negative significant correlation between early maladaptive schemas and marital adjustment for men (r= -./31) and women (r= -./53). There was a positive significant correlation between total score of early maladaptine schemas and fear of intimacy for men ( r= ./43) and women ( r= ./58). Moreover there was a negative significant correlation between fear of intimacy and marital adjustment for men (r= -./78) and women (r= -./76). the, path analysis also showed that fear of intimacy is a significant mediator for the relationships between early maladaptive schemas and marital adjustment. Therefore, early maladaptive schemas and fear of intimacy have a major role in marital adjustment. Thus, attention to early maladaptive schemas and fear of intimacy variables feels in tasking with couple.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of marriage enrichment training in reducing fear of intimacy and improving sexual function in married women.

The study was quasi-experimental with experimental and control groups and a pre-test-post-test design with a one-month follow-up. The statistical population consisted of married women who had visited Gorouh Hamrah counseling center in District 2 of Tehran due to marital dissatisfaction and communication problems. Forty married women, who scored higher on the scale of fear of intimacy and lower score on sexual function, were randomly classified into experimental groups (n=20) and control (n=20) groups according to the inclusion criteria. The experimental group received 8-session interventions as a group and the control group was placed on a waiting list. Both groups responded to the fear of intimacy and sexual function scale before and after the experiment and were reassessed after 45 days. We used the repeated measures analysis of variance to analyze the data.

The results indicated that marriage enrichment training significantly decreased fear of intimacy (F= 21.69, P= 0.00). It also significantly increased sexual function (F= 4.69, P= 0.03), and the results were stable in the follow-up phase.

Based on the findings, marriage enrichment training promoted fear of intimacy and sexual function in married women.

This study aimed to investigate The Role Emotional Expressiveness and Fear of Intimacy at Prediction of Quality Interpersonal Relationship at the Individuals with Cancer. This research was a descriptive study of correlational and causal-comparative. The population of this study was all Cancer Individuals of shahid Ramezanzadeh Center of Yazd. From this community, 115 people were selected via Convenience Sampling. There King  & Emmons’s emotional expressiveness, Descutner and Thelen’s Fear of intimacy and Pierce, Sarason, Sarason’s quality of interpersonal relationships were used for this research. Pearson correlation and Enter regression were used for statistical analyze. The data were analysis using spss22 software. . Findings indicated that there is a significant and Negative relationship between Fear of intimacy with quality of interpersonal relationships (-0/379) and there is a significant and Positive relationship between emotional expressiveness with quality of interpersonal relationships (0/598). According to the findings, 49 percent of the variance in quality of interpersonal relationships are explained by emotional expressiveness and Fear of intimacy.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of alexithymia, loneliness and fear of intimacy in attitudes to infidelity in men. The research was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population consisted of all male employees of the hadian company of Tehran municipality. Out of this statistical population, 261 people were selected as convenience sampling. Attitudes toward infidelity scale of Whathley (2008), Toronto alexithymia scale (1994), fear of intimacy scale of Descutner & Thelen (1991) and loneliness scale of Russell & Peplau & Cutrona (1980) were used for data collection. Correlation test and standard regression were used to data analysis. Pearson correlation showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between alexithymia, loneliness and fear of intimacy with attitudes toward infidelity (P <0.001). In addition, the results of regression analysis indicated that alexithymia, loneliness and fear of intimacy were able to anticipate the attitudes toward infidelity with 0.31, 0.15 & 0.14. According to the findings, it can be concluded that alexithymia, loneliness, and fear of intimacy are the most important factors affecting attitudes toward infidelity in men; therefore, they should be improved by mean of appropriate training in order to reduce infidelity among men.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the neutralization of tactical defenses in Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) on Defensive Styles, Anxiety, and Fear of Intimacy. In fact, the purpose of this research that distinguishes it from the few studies in the Psychotherapy field is to study the structure of the conflict triangle (feeling, anxiety and defense) with an emphasis on interpersonal defenses. The method of this research was quasi-experimental (pre-test and post-test with control group). Population of this study was all students from Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamedan (dormitories-central site) in the years 2017-2018. Twenty-six of them selected by voluntarily accessible sampling (non-randomized and random replacement sampling) in both experimental and control groups. Data of the research were collected by defense styles questionnaires, state- trait anxiety and fear of intimacy. Clients in the experimental group received each of the interventions (Questioning technique, Pressure, and challenge of the therapeutic protocol ISTDP) during 10 sessions in 45 minutes. Control group received no intervention. Results indicated that the neutralization of tactical defenses reduces the use of immature and neurotic defensive styles, and state and trait anxiety. However, treatment was not effective for increasing the use of mature defensive style and reducing fear of intimacy. The results of this study indicate that the removal of tactical or external defenses that rooted in fear of re-failure in the intimacy and emotional closeness can be effective in reducing interpersonal and interpersonal tensions. In addition, this kind of intervention could change some kind of defensive styles.

This researchwas conducted to aim investigate and compare the training of emotionally focused couple therapy and solution focused couple therapy on reducing fear of intimacy and increasing couples' sexual satisfaction. This research was the type of quasi-experimental of type with pretest, posttest and follow-up with the control group. The population of this study is was consisted 30 couples referred to counseling centers (Grohamrah and Mehravar) in Tehran city. Scale (FIS) and that were assigned randomly to three group emotionally focused therapy couple (10 couples), solution focused therapy couples (10 couples), and control group (10 couples). The exeriment groups participated in 8 sessions of 90-minutes of emotionally focused couple therapy and solution focused couple therapy, and they were assemented in the fear of intimacy and sexual satisfaction variables three stages of pretest, posttest and follow-up (two-month). The data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance (mixed). The results showed that the emotionally focused couple therapy and solution focused couple therapy are effective in decreasing the fear of intimacy and increasing sexual satisfaction, and also the group of emotionally focused couple therapy more affective than the group of solution focused couple therapy. Therefore, the group training of emotionally focused couple therapy and solution focused couple therapy can be used as an effective therapeutic methods to increase intimacy and sexual satisfaction in couples.

given the importance of marital commitment in stability and health of family system, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between fear of intimacy and identity styles with marital commitment of married couples.
The present study is a descriptive and correlation research. The population was the married staff of the University of Hormozgan in academic year of 1391-92 (lunar calendar), that 119 people of them were selected by available sampling. Data was collected using fear of intimacy inventory (Carol Descanter and Mark Telen, 1991), identity models (Berenski, 1990) and marital commitment questionnaires of Adams and Jones (2003). Data were analyzed based on Pierson correlation and concurrent regression models by SPSS 21.
The results of the regression analysis demonstrated a negative correlation between fear of intimacy andmarital commitment. It was found that variables of informational and vague identity can affect marital commitments.
It is expected that people with no fear ofintimacy and more affective identitystyles, show deeper marital commitent. Suggestions for educational and therapeutic programs are made to help people to achieve more successful identity style and modify their opinion about intimacy.

The purpose of the present research was to examine the factor structure of Fear of Intimacy Scale (Descutner & Thelen, 1991) and to get an acute tool which measures the degree of the Fear of Intimacy among the Iranian people. Population of the study included some married couples living in Tehran, Iran. A sample of 567 subjects, 329 females (58%) and 238 males (41.9%), completed the relevant questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to analyze the structure of the questionnaire. Factor analysis revealed two factors existed among the 35 items of the questionnaire: fear of intimacy in the relationship with the spouse, fear of intimacy in the relationship with the others. The internal consistency for the whole scale, factor 1 and factor 2 was 0.83, 0.81, 0.72 respectively; test-retest reliability for the whole scale, factor 1 and factor 2 was 0.92, 0.87,0.85 respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the data hadsignificant correlation. Negative correlation(-0.58) between this scale and the intimacy scale of walker and Thompson was indicative of the construct validity of test. FIS can be used to help those having problems in increasing the level of intimacy with others especially their spouse. Further, this scale can be used in clinical works and research.