رضایت از زندگی

This study aimed to examine the moderating role of gender in the relationship between religiosity, optimism, social support, and life satisfaction among residents of Khuzestan Province.  This research is applied in purpose and descriptive-correlational in design. The study population included all residents of Khuzestan Province, with a total population of 4,710,509 based on the 2016 national census. Using Cochran’s formula, a sample of 1,067 individuals was selected through multi-stage cluster sampling across 27 regions of Khuzestan during 2019–2021. Data were collected using the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985), the Religiosity Questionnaire (Glock and Stark, 1965), the Life Orientation Test (Scheier and Carver, 1985), and the Social Support Questionnaire (Zimet and Farley, 1988). Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis in SPSS version 26.  The Pearson correlation coefficient revealed a statistically significant and positive relationship between the predictor variables (religiosity, optimism, and social support) and life satisfaction (p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis indicated that religiosity, optimism, and social support collectively predicted 37% of the variance in life satisfaction. Furthermore, the moderating role of gender was confirmed, indicating that the influence of religiosity, optimism, and social support on life satisfaction differs significantly between men and women in Khuzestan Province.  The findings highlight that social support has the strongest influence on life satisfaction among participants. These results not only contribute to the existing literature but also provide valuable insights for stakeholders, policymakers, and managers to inform decision-making and interventions aimed at enhancing life satisfaction in the region.

The main purpose of the research is the effect of social capital components on life satisfaction. The research method is quantitative meta-analysis (CMA2) and the unit of analysis is articles  in the period of 2006 to 2023. Intentional-non-probabilistic method (evaluation of articles according to entry and exit criteria) from the collected statistical population of 48 scientific documents; 22 selected sample size and the results were analyzed with Cohen's d test and Fisher's f test. The results show that in all the researches in the provinces of the country, social capital has a vital and productive role in improving life satisfaction and its effect value in the model is equal to 0.461. Finally, the most important components of social capital affecting life satisfaction include social trust; religious affiliation; social belonging; social support; are social cohesion and social participation.

The purpose of this study was to compare mother-child relationship, parenting self-efficacy, perceived stress and life satisfaction in mothers with children with diabetes and mothers of normal children. This research is causal-comparative and the statistical population included all mothers with children with diabetes and mothers of normal children in Shiraz city in the first quarter of 2024. The statistical sample includes two groups of 50 mothers of children with diabetes and mothers of normal children, who were selected by convenience sampling. The research tools included Lang's mother-child relationship questionnaires, Samani's parental self-efficacy and Cohen's perceived stress, Diener's Life Satisfaction. The findings showed that the mean of mother-child relationship and life satisfaction is higher in mothers of normal children. In terms of self-efficacy, there is no significant difference between the two groups of mothers, and mothers with children with diabetes have more perceived stress than mothers of normal children.

The purpose of this research was to predict the marital infidelity proneness among employees married women based on conscientiousness, life satisfaction, and independency in cultural context. The statistical population included all married women working in the executive administrations of Urmia City in 2023. The sample comprised 267 individuals whom were selected via convenience sampling procedure. The research method was descriptive-correlational. To collect data Drigotas & et al. (1999) Infidelity Proneness Scale, Diener & et al. (1985) Satisfaction with Life Scale, Rammstedt & John (2007) The Ten-Item Personality Inventory & Hui (1988) Individualism and Collectivism Scale were implemented. Data analysis was conducted by applying Pearson’s correlation coefficient test, regression analysis. The findings indicated that conscientiousness and life satisfaction were significantly and negatively related to the proneness to marital infidelity, while a positive and significant relationship existed with independency among employees married women. Furthermore, the results also demonstrated that the three variables, conscientiousness, life satisfaction and independency could predict 59% of the variance in the proneness to marital infidelity among the participants. This study identified that conscientiousness and life satisfaction were as protective factors against the proneness to marital infidelity in working married women, and the independency as a risk factor. Therefore, concerning the cultural norms, public awareness of the causes and conditions of cultural, social and psychological vulnerability of marital infidelity, could play critical role in preventing it in the society.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate of the effectiveness of the educational package of happiness skills based on the Islamic approach for happiness, life satisfaction and anger control in mothers and compared the results with Fordyce package. The research study had two sections, the first section was a package designed according to an Islamic approach and the second step was quantitative with a semi-experimental method with a pre-test, post-test with a comparison group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population included married mothers aged 20 to 40 in the whole city of Tehran and the sample were chosen using purposing sampling based on the entry criteria. They were 30 women who were randomly put into two experimental groups and a comparison group. The participants in the experimental group were trained in happiness skills using the Islamic approach in 9 sessions of 90 minutes, and the control group had 8 sessions of 90 minutes. To collect the data, the Fordyce-Isfahan Happiness Questionnaires, Life Satisfaction and Anger Questionnaire were used. Variance analysis with repeated measurements were used for analyzing the data. The findings showed that the happiness skills training package based via the Islamic approach was effective in promoting happiness, life satisfaction and anger control of mothers.

The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between global identity, national identity and psychological capitals with life satisfaction along with investigating the moderating role of gender in students. The analysis method in this study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research included all the undergraduate students of Tehran University, 209 people (110 boys and 99 girls) were included in the study using available sampling method. To collect data, satisfaction with life questionnaires (SWLS), global identity, national identity and psychological capitals (PCQ) were used. Pearson correlation and multiple regression were used for data analysis and data analysis was done using R software. The results showed that psychological capital (p<05/00) and national identity (p<05/00) are significant in predicting life satisfaction, but global identity in The presence of other two parameters did not play a significant role. On the other hand, the moderating role of gender in the relationship between predictor variables and life satisfaction was not significant; This means that gender did not affect the direction and relationship between research variables. Therefore, considering the importance of life satisfaction and the role of various factors in creating and maintaining it, it is better to investigate the relationship of variables such as various dimensions of identity and related variables in the field of positive psychology such as psychological capital with life satisfaction in the future.

The present research aimed to compare the effectiveness of counseling based on Glasser's Choice Theory and Frankl's logotherapy on the life satisfaction of women facing divorce. The present research method was the type of quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of this research included women facing divorce who were referred to the family court, dispute resolution council, and family counseling centers in Tabriz in 2022. The purposive sampling method selected 60 qualified volunteers of this population and randomly assigned them into two experimental and a control group (20 people in each group). A research questionnaire was the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) (Diener et al, 1985). The analysis method of this research was the analysis of covariance and Bonferroni's test. The findings showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there was a significant difference at level 0/05, between the average score of life satisfaction in two experimental and control groups; but no significant difference was demonstrated between the two interventions in this variable. Therefore, reality therapy and logotherapy have been effective in increasing the life satisfaction of women facing divorce, and counselors and therapists may use this treatment to improve the aforementioned variable in women facing divorce.

Life satisfaction is one of the components of psychological well-being, the decrease or increase of which has positive and negative effects on people’s well-being. the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of forgiveness in predicating life satisfaction.this research was descriptive, based on the nature of quantitative data, is a meta-analysis type. In this research, data anlysis was done using cma2 software. In this regard, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a sample groups consisting of 54 studies (including 49 articles, 1 book and 4 thisis) was selected for analysis. the results showed that the effect size in random models for the relationship between forgiveness and life satosfaction is 0.275, which is significant at the p.<0.05 level, and th effect size is medium based on Cohen,s index. Forgiveness can predict life satisfaction. investigating the role of moderating varlables showed that the relationship between forgiveness and life satisfaction was influenced by the variables such as the type of publication and statistical population. based on the findings of the present meta-analysis, it can be stated that by increasing forgiveness and encouraging people to desire forgiveness, life satisfaction can be strengthened in them and psychological well-being in individuals and society can be strengthened.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group psychodrama on improving life satisfaction, self-compassion, and positive affects in depressed patients. Given the complexity of depression and the need for multifaceted treatment approaches, this research aimed to provide empirical evidence on the efficacy of psychodrama as a therapeutic intervention. 

Methods and Materials: 

This study employed a randomized controlled trial design. The sample consisted of 30 depressed patients selected from a clinic in Tehran and randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n=15) receiving group psychodrama therapy or the control group (n=15) receiving no intervention. The intervention comprised ten 75-minute sessions conducted over five months. Data were collected using standardized tools: the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Data analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests, with the software SPSS-27. 

The results indicated a significant improvement in life satisfaction, self-compassion, and positive affects among participants in the experimental group compared to the control group. Specifically, life satisfaction scores increased from a mean of 19.43 (SD=3.67) at pre-test to 26.89 (SD=3.21) at post-test and 25.73 (SD=3.45) at follow-up. Self-compassion scores rose from 18.24 (SD=2.98) to 24.13 (SD=2.67) at post-test and 23.35 (SD=2.89) at follow-up. Positive affect scores also showed a significant increase from 21.57 (SD=3.11) to 28.74 (SD=3.01) at post-test and 27.89 (SD=3.19) at follow-up. The ANOVA results confirmed significant effects for group, time, and the interaction between group and time (p < 0.001). 

The findings support the efficacy of group psychodrama in enhancing life satisfaction, self-compassion, and positive affects in depressed patients. These improvements were sustained over a five-month follow-up period, suggesting that psychodrama can be a valuable therapeutic approach for depression. Future research should explore long-term effects and compare psychodrama with other therapeutic modalities.

The purpose of this research was to compare personality traits, attachment style, and life satisfaction in women without children and women with children. Current research was of the causal-comparative type. The socio-statistics of this research included all women without children and women with children in the city of Mashhad in 1402.

The sample size included two groups of voluntary childless women (50 people) and women with children (50 people), who were selected through available sampling. Questionnaires of personality traits, attachment styles and life satisfaction questionnaires were used to collect data. The research data was analyzed using a multivariate analysis of variance test.

The results showed that the scores of the subscales of personality traits, attachment style and life satisfaction were significantly different between the two groups of voluntary childless women and women with children. Based on this, women without children had higher life satisfaction, insecure attachment and openness to experience and lower extroversion, agreeableness and secure attachment than women with children.

The results indicate that personality plays a significant role in influencing people towards becoming parents or away from. The findings emphasize the need of attention to the personality characteristics, attachment style and life satisfaction of women without children.

The aim of the present study was to develop a structural model of the relationship between communication patterns and stress coping skills with life satisfaction through the mediation of self-differentiation in married women. The statistical population of the present study was made up of all married women in Tehran in 2021-2022, and 600 of them were selected by multi-stage random sampling. The tools of the current research included Christensin and Salvi's (1984) communication pattern questionnaires, Billings and Moss (1981) stress coping skills, Diener et al.'s (1985) life satisfaction and Drake's self-differentiation (2011). The method of data analysis was using the structural equation modeling method and the analysis was done using spss-26 and amos-24 software. The findings of the research showed that the model had a good fit. The results of the direct path coefficient of research variables in the final model showed that the direct path coefficient between constructive interactions, problem-oriented strategy and self- differentiation with women's life satisfaction was statistically significant. Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that communication patterns and stress coping skills mediate self- differentiation on the life satisfaction of married women.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of academic buoyancy and academic self- handicapping on life satisfaction of second high school students through the mediation of adolescent perception of parenting educational methods by path analysis. The statistical population included students of Arak city who were studying mathematics, experimental and humanities in the Second Period public high schools and were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The number of sample people was considered as 719 students, considering the probability of failure in completing the questionnaires. Data collection tools included Academic Boyancy Questionnaire (Dehghanizadeh & Hossein Chari), Academic Self- handicapping (ASHS) ( Schwinger & Stiensmeier-Pelster), Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction (MSLSS) (Huebner) and Adolescent Perception of Parenting Educational Methods (POPS)( Robbins). The obtained data were analyzed by the structural equation model of latent variable type. In order to verify the model's fit, the values of the ratio of chi-square to degree of freedom, (RMSEA), (CFI), (NFI), (TLI), (IFI) and Cronbach's alpha were reported that indicate appropriate model reliability. Findings showed that buoyancy and academic self- handicapping have a direct and significant effect on life satisfaction and adolescent perception of parenting educational methods. The direct effect of the mediating variable on life satisfaction was also confirmed. By doing this research, by observing educational problems or lack of mental health and identifying the factors affecting it in students, appropriate programs can be implemented to increase life satisfaction in students.

The purpose of this study was to comparison effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on anxiety and life satisfaction in patients with diabetes. This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up 2 month. In this research, the statistical population was all women with type 2 diabetes in Tehran city in year 1401., With using convenience sampling method, 75 people were selected and then randomly divided into 3 groups (each group 25 people) were replaced and experimental groups underwent emotion-focused therapy (8 sessions 90 minutes) and acceptance and commitment therapy (8 sessions 90 minutes), but the control group received no training and remained in the waiting list. To collect data Beck anxiety inventory of Beck and et al and satisfaction with life scale of Diener and et al. Analysis of variance with repeated measures with SPSS software was used for data analysis. The results showed that both interventions had a significant effect on improving anxiety and life satisfaction (P<0.05). In addition, the results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that acceptance and commitment therapy is more effective in anxiety and life satisfaction (P<0.05). Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that emotion-focused therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy can be used as a treatment method to on anxiety and life satisfaction in patients with diabetes in counseling centers.

The present study was aimed at predicting life satisfaction based on cognitive errors with the mediating role of procrastination of students with cyberspace addiction. The statistical population of this research includes all students of the first secondary level in Tehran in the academic year of 1401-1400. The sample size, using the Klein method and taking into account the possibility of sample dropout, was considered to be 180 people who were selected using available sampling method. The main data of this research was obtained using Diener's life satisfaction, Litenberg et al.'s cognitive errors , Tuckman's procrastination and Young's Internet addiction . Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis indices) and inferential statistics of Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling with LISREL software were used in data analysis. The results of the research indicated that cognitive errors with the mediating role of procrastination can predict life satisfaction in students with cyberspace addiction.

The purpose of this research was to predict life satisfaction based on emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence and mental health of couples. This research was carried out by correlation method. The statistical population of the research includes all the couples referred to the Mehrana counseling center in Tehran, numbering 360 people, and the total number of the population and referring to the Krajcie and Morgan table was estimated to be 186. Data collection tools included Diener's Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (1985), Bar-On's Emotional Intelligence (1980), King's Spiritual Intelligence (2008), and Goldberg and Hiller's Mental Health Questionnaire (1972). The analysis of the collected data was done in two descriptive and inferential ways through SPSS21 software. In this research, descriptive statistics were used to calculate the mean and standard deviation of the research variables and to show the frequency and related graphs, and inferential statistics were used to investigate the research hypotheses. The results showed that the variables of emotional intelligence (Beta = 0.254), spiritual intelligence (Beta = 0.186) and mental health (Beta = 0.429) are able to predict the life satisfaction of couples. It can be concluded that mental health has a greater contribution in predicting life satisfaction of couples.

Gifted students, characterized by unique qualities, exhibit specific emotional, social, and educational needs, impacting their growth and well-being (1, 2). Challenges faced by gifted individuals include academic underachievement, future anxiety and solitude tendencies, reduced psychological well-being, and diminished life satisfaction and perceived stress levels (4-7).Life satisfaction, a cognitive evaluation of one’s quality of life, is linked to increased general health, academic success, and student self-regulation (10, 11). Future anxiety, characterized by uncertainty and fear of impending changes, affects gifted students, leading to avoidance of future planning and negative emotional indicators (10, 12).Contrary to the assumption that highly intelligent students experience less anxiety, research suggests gifted students face heightened fears of failure and future anxiety due to high expectations (13, 14). Stress is more prevalent among high school students, posing a significant public health challenge (16). For various reasons, gifted students experience higher stress levels, requiring further research (18).Various therapeutic methods have been explored, with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) showing promise. Mahasneh et al. (2022) found that a cognitive-behavioral group counseling program reduced anxiety and future psychologicalstressin gifted students (22).This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral training on life satisfaction, future anxiety, and perceived stress in gifted students, addressing whether such training positively impacts their well-being.

The present study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group and follow-up. The statistical population included female-gifted Farzanegan high school students in Mazandaran for the academic year 2022-2023. The initial sample consisted of 187 students in the first and second grades of high school. Thirty participants were voluntarily selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, with 15 assigned to the experimental group and 15 to the control group through random allocation.Before the intervention, participants underwent a pretest measuring life satisfaction, future anxiety, and perceived stress. Subsequently, the experimental group received eight sessions of cognitive-behavioral training, while the control group received no intervention. Posttests were administered to both groups, and a follow-up test was conducted two months after the completion of the training sessions.The sample size for this research was determined using G*Power software based on an effect size of 0.25, an alpha level of 0.05, and a power of 0.95. Inclusion criteria involved a lack of appropriate psychological well-being based on low scores on the psychological well-being questionnaire, a typical family situation (living with both parents), and willingness to participate in the research. Exclusion criteria included abnormal family situations such as divorce and a conscious unwillingness to participate.The research instruments included the following measures: 1. Satisfaction with Life Questionnaire (1985) (24), 2. Future Anxiety Scale (1996) (26), and 3. Perceived Stress Questionnaire (1983) (28).
Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, including mean, standard deviation, frequency distribution table, repeated measures analysis of variance, and SPSS-22 software.

The mean age of all participants was 15.67 years, with a standard deviation (1.41). In the experimental group, the mean (standard deviation) age was 15.60 (0.98), and in the control group, it was 15.33 (1.11). The minimum and maximum ages in both groups ranged from 14 to 17. All participants were engaged in education.Ten participants (66.67%) scored between 19 and 20, and 5 (33.33%) scored between 18 and 19. In the control group, nine participants (60%) scored between 19 and 20, and six (40%) scored between 18 and 19. Additionally, regarding family size, in the experimental group, seven participants (46.67%) had one child, seven participants (46.67%) had two children, and one participant (6.67%) had more than two children. In the control group, seven participants (46.67%) had one child, six participants (40%) had two children, and two participants (13.33%) had more than two children. Furthermore, the results of the chi-square and independent samples t-test were reported, examining the homogeneity of the experimental and control groups. Since the chi-square value for family size, GPA, and age did not show statistical significance (P>0.05), it can be concluded that the two groups were homogenous in terms of family size, GPA, and age. The independent samples t-test for the age variable also revealed no significant difference between the mean ages of the experimental and control groups (P>0.05), confirming the homogeneity of the two groups.The results demonstrated that cognitive-behavioral training in the experimental group increased life satisfaction in the posttest and follow-up compared to the pretest (P<0.05). Additionally, the mean scores of future anxiety and perceived stress in the experimental group decreased from the pretest to the posttest and follow-up (P<0.05).

The present study concluded that the application of cognitive behavioral therapy to gifted students has a positive effect on life satisfaction. Similarly, this approach can help reduce future stress and anxiety and prepare students to face life’s challenges. In the educational environment, these results can help organizations and schools formulate their educational programs in such a way that they improve the psychological and social health of students at the same time, in addition to academic advancement. This intervention can be used as a comprehensive and appropriate tool in the process of educating students who are intelligent and sensitive to psychological issues. Moreover, it is recommended to use cognitive behavioral intervention concepts in textbooks such as thinking, psychology, and family management to increase the psychological well-being of gifted students.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of happiness education on life satisfaction and marital adjustment of depressed women in Tehran. This is a semi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research was all depressed women who referred to psychological centers, 30 of them were selected using purposeful sampling and were randomly divided into two groups of 15 people, experimental and control. The groups were evaluated at the beginning and end of the study in terms of life satisfaction and marital compatibility. For this purpose, before and after the intervention (8 two-hour sessions), they also answered the life satisfaction questionnaire (Diener et al., 1985) and marital adjustment (Spanier, 1976) and at one stage the depression questionnaire (Beck, 1979). The results of covariance analysis show an increase in overall life satisfaction in the post-test stage. Also, the results showed that happiness training increased marital adjustment in depressed women. The findings of this research show that the effectiveness of happiness training increases life satisfaction and marital adjustment of depressed women.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of spiritual therapy, emphasizing the teachings of Islam on resilience, religious orientation, and life satisfaction of divorced women. The current research was of the type of practical and quasi-experimental designs of pre-test-post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all divorced women of Sari city in the first six months of 2022. The sample of this research includes 30 people from the aforementioned community who were selected using available sampling method and were randomly included in an experimental group of spiritual therapy with an emphasis on the teachings of the religion of Islam based on the book of spiritual therapy and positive psychology approach (Safari- Nia, Mirmehdi and Sharifi, 2016) and Richards and Bergin (2005) spiritual interventions (with an Islamic approach (Arab Baferani, Kajbaf, and Abedi, 2012) and the control group was placed on the waiting list. The data using It was obtained from the religious orientation questionnaire of Allport and Ross (1950), the resilience scale questionnaire of Connor and Davidson (2003) and the life satisfaction scale of Diener, Emmons, Larsen and Griffin (1985). Variance was implemented with repeated measurement and SPSS-26 software. The results showed that spiritual therapy with an emphasis on the religious teachings of Islam on resilience (F=10.83, P<0.001), life satisfaction (F=32.06, P<0.001), internal religious orientation (F=56.06, P<0.001), and external (F=35.26, P<0.001) divorced women was effective. Therefore, it can be concluded that spiritual therapy with vine Focusing on the teachings of Islam can be an effective intervention method to improve resilience, religious orientation and life satisfaction of divorced women

Today, experiencing a satisfying life is the basic need of human societies the purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of parent-child relationship training in two methods based on acceptance and commitment and cognitive-behavioral training on mothers' life satisfaction.

This research was conducted in a semi-experimental way with a pre- and post-test with a control group. For to the purpose of the study, 63 mothers of male students studying in the first year of high school were selected as members of a statistical sample and randomly placed in two experimental groups and one control group. One group of mothers were trained on parent-child relationships in a manner based on acceptance and commitment, and the second group was trained in cognitive behavioral therapy using the relevant training package during 10 sessions in 10 weeks. The control group did not participate in any educational intervention until the end of the study process. To collect research data the Diener SWLS Life Satisfaction Scale was used, which is a standardized test. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.

The results showed that both methods of educational intervention, method based on acceptance and commitment and cognitive-behavioral therapy are effective in increasing mothers' life satisfaction ( ). Also, the effectiveness of the two methods of educational intervention in increasing mothers' life satisfaction was almost the same and no significant difference was observed ( ).

Parent-child relationship training based on acceptance and commitment and cognitive-behavioral therapy are effective on mothers' life satisfaction.