رفتاردرمانی شناختی

The present study was conducted to comparing the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment on the social self-efficacy of single-parent boys in Bojnord city. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and follow-up with a control group, and the statistical population was all single-parent male students of the first secondary school in Bojnord city in the academic year of 2023-2024, of which 45 were selected by purposive sampling. 200 single parent students were selected. The research tool was the Smith and Betz Social Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SES). The experimental groups underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes separately under cognitive behavioral therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment, and the control group did not receive any intervention. All three groups completed the post-test again. And after one month, a follow-up period was also conducted. The data were analyzed with the analysis of variance of repeated measurements and the Bonferroni post hoc test and the results indicated the positive effectiveness of both cognitive behavioral therapy methods and treatment based on acceptance and commitment on social self-efficacy (P<0.001). Also, the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment both in the post-test and in the follow-up period was more than cognitive behavioral therapy (P<0.05). Based on this, these two methods can be used to increase the social capabilities of single-parent boys and, while increasing social self-efficacy, prevent the occurrence of behavioral problems and social harms that threaten them.

During puberty, menstruation is known as an essential phenomenon for most girls.  Menstrual cycle disorders are prevalent in teenage girls (1). Premenstrual syndrome is a common disorder that occurs during menstruation until menopause. It is characterized by physical, mental, and behavioral changes in the luteal phase of women's menstrual cycle. Premenstrual syndrome starts 6-12 days before menstruation and continues until two days after menstruation (3). If this syndrome causes disrupts a person's family, social, and work activities during her life, it is called premenstrual dysphoric disorder (4). Premenstrual dysphoric disorder affects approximately 5% of women of reproductive age. Its symptoms include emotional, psychological, behavioral, and physiological changes that occur at the end of the last luteal phase and improve within a week after a period (5). Premenstrual symptoms can cause transitory problems in women, such as impairment in physical function and mental health, as well as severe impairments in occupational functions and social aspects (6). The aim of treating premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoria is to reduce symptoms and improve the performance and quality of life of women suffering from these two disorders. Treatment is divided into drug and non-drug treatments, including diet, exercise, and behavioral therapy knowledge-based on cognition, emotion, and behavior. Therefore, negative and irrational thoughts can cause discomfort and problems in people (7, 9). Cognitive behavioral therapy emphasizes that thinking processes are as important as environmental influences. Therefore, negative and illogical thoughts can cause discomfort and problems in people. For this reason, this educational method aims to correct illogical ideas, ineffective beliefs, misinterpretations, and cognitive errors, provide a feeling of control over life, facilitate constructive self-talk, and strengthen coping skills. Since premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder can lead to long-term behavioral and psychiatric disorders such as mood swings, depression, and anxiety, and changes related to menstruation are considered an essential mediating factor in completed suicide (13, 14), this research aims to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder in women in the city of Hamedan.

The method used in the present research was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group and follow-up phase. The study's statistical population included all women aged 18 to 45 in Hamedan, Iran who were referred to obstetrics and gynecology clinics in 2022. The sampling method was purposeful and convenient. Questionnaires were distributed in three large gynecology and obstetrics centers in Hamedan City. Three hundred eighty-four people were selected using Morgan's Sampling Table. After dropping volunteers, 216 participants were selected to complete the Premenstrual Symptom Screening Tool (PSST) questionnaire. Finally, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 40 people were randomly divided into four separate groups of ten people each for premenstrual syndrome (experimental group n=10 and control group n=10) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (experimental group n=10 and control group n=10). The inclusion criteria included being between the ages of 18 and 45, having regular periods, not taking any special medication, and obtaining the required score based on the cut-off point of the screening questionnaire. Premenstrual symptoms with a score of 19-28 were classified as premenstrual syndrome, and a score higher than 28 was classified as premenstrual dysphoria. Participants who scored between 19 and 28 were placed in the premenstrual syndrome group, and those who scored higher than 28 were assigned to the premenstrual dysphoric disorder group. Exclusion criteria included not wanting to cooperate at any stage of the research and not participating in more than two sessions in the study. The data obtained from statistical methods of univariate covariance analysis were analyzed using SPSS version 24 software.

The results show that cognitive behavioral therapy is effective for women suffering from premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder between 18 and 45 years old in Hamedan city. This section consists of two parts. The first part shows a significant difference between the mean scores of the premenstrual syndrome post-test of the two experimental and control groups (F=8.33, P<0.01). Besides, a significant difference was found between the mean scores of premenstrual syndrome follow-up of the two experimental and control groups (F=28.05, P<0.0001), indicating the durability of the treatment. Therefore, the difference in mean values is significant, and indicatively, cognitive behavioral therapy reduced premenstrual syndrome symptoms. The second part indicates a significant difference between the mean scores of the premenstrual syndrome post-test of the two experimental and control groups (F=9.36, P<0.007). Moreover, a significant difference was observed between the premenstrual syndrome follow-up scores of the two experimental and control groups (F=21.97, P<0.0001), indicating the durability of the treatment. Hence, the difference in mean values is significant, and demonstratively, cognitive behavioral therapy reduced premenstrual dysphoric disorder symptoms.

The results indicate that cognitive behavioral therapy, using implemented strategies and techniques, is effective in reducing the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder in women. Therefore, this treatment method can be considered a low-risk and safe approach without any side effects. Additionally, considering the duration of the follow-up phase in the present study, it can be said that cognitive behavioral therapy has long-lasting and stable effects over time, making it a promising treatment for women who suffer from future anxiety.

Bipolar disorder is one of the most worrisome mental illnesses, with grave consequences. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in patients with bipolar disorder type I. This was a pre-test-post-test, quasi-experimental study with a control group and a 3-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study consisted of patients who were referred to the Delaram Rehabilitation Center for Chronic Mental Patients in Gorgan (the capital city of Golestan Province, Iran) in 2019. The sample included 16 patients with bipolar disorder who were referred to the center. They were chosen using the purpose sampling method and then divided into two groups of eight subjects each. In addition to medication, the experimental group received cognitive behavioral therapy for ten 70-minute sessions. The control group received only medical treatment and did not receive any psychological treatment during the study. The two groups were followed for three months. The bipolar depression scale was administered in groups at the beginning and end of treatment sessions. Data were analyzed using repeated measures mixed analysis of variance and Spss-23 software. addition of cognitive-behavioral therapy to drug therapy has shown further improvement in clinical indicators. . Furthermore, according to the follow-up period, the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy were more stable in all clinical indicators. Based on the findings of this study, it is possible to conclude that cognitive-behavioral therapy, in conjunction with drug therapy, can be an effective factor in reducing and stabilizing clinical symptoms of bipolar disorder type 1.

Positive cognitive behavioral therapy is an integrated approach in psychotherapy that combines cognitive behavioral therapy with solution-focused therapy and positive psychology. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of positive cognitive behavioral therapy and traditional cognitive behavioral therapy on mental well-being and resilience in adolescents with depressive symptoms. This study was an experimental design with pretest and posttests with the control group. For this purpose, first, a depression scale was performed on male students. Among those students whose depression score was higher than the cutoff point, randomly, 17 were divided into the experimental group 1 (PCBT), 17 were divided into the experimental group 2 (CBT), and 17 were divided into the control group (without intervention). Then, scales of Subjective well-being of students and Connor and Davison resiliency were implemented as pretests. Then, interventions in experimental groups and no intervention in the control group were performed, and finally, the above scales were performed as posttests and follow-up. Results showed that students’ scores in subjective well-being and resiliency with PCBT were significantly higher than CBT and control groups. It seems that; PCBT can be more effective in enhancing positive performance components. It’s necessary that; further research should highlight this issue.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on the reduction of depression of the third grade students of the guidance schools in Behbahan. This study was a semi-experimental one with pretest-posttest with control group design. The statistical population included all the male and female third grade students of the guidance schools in Behbahan, out of which 300 persons were selected to identify the depressed students and filled out the children depression questionnaire (Kovacs, 1995). 138 persons suffered from depression based on the cut-off point of the questionnaire (more than 20), among which 40 persons were randomly selected and were randomly assigned into the control group (n=20) and the experimental group (n=20). The experimental group received the cognitive behavioral therapy in 12 sessions. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA. The results indicated a significant difference in the depression score of the control and experimental group in the posttest. That is, the cognitive behavioral therapy was effective in the reduction of depression.

Hysterectomy surgery is one of the most common women’s surgeries. The purpose of this research was to examine the role of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in accelerating the physical recovery of patients after hysterectomy surgery. In this clinical trial study, 20 subjects candidate for hysterectomy surgery were randomly selected and divided into in two groups of experimental and control. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) was instructed before surgery during 8 sessions for experimental group and after surgery both groups were examined in terms of accelerating the physical recovery, i.e., amount of sedatives dose, duration of hospitalization and return to daily activities Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) significantly accelerated the process of physical recovery, relieved pain and lowered sedatives consumption for patients of the experimental group. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) acts in accordance with the recognition and changing the negative cognitions and causes the acceleration of recovery, reduction of pain and consumption of pain after Hysterectomy surgery.