ساخت و اعتباریابی

The present study was conducted with the aim of building and validating a local educational-therapeutic intervention that promotes psychological health on the psychological well-being of women freed from addiction. The present research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research in developing the program included all the women freed from addiction in the 7th district of Tehran in 2022, of which 30 people (15 in the control group and 15 in the experimental group) were selected through the purposeful sampling method and They were randomly placed in two groups. To collect data, the Ryff Scales of Psychological Wellbeing-Short Form (RSPWB-SF, 1989) was used. Repeated measurement analysis of variance test was used to analyze the data. The research findings showed that there was a significant difference of 0.01 between the post-test mean of psychological well-being in the experimental and control groups. In addition, the results showed that this intervention was able to significantly maintain its effect over time (P<0.0001). As a result, skill enhancement program training can be used as an effective approach to improve psychological well-being.

The aim of this study was to construct and validate the complex childhood trauma-related Personality Pathology Scale among married women with childhood complex trauma experience. At first, by conducting 18 semi-structured interviews in the form of qualitative research, the items related to scale construction were identified and a scale was designed based on it. Then the scale was administered to 100 married women with purposive sampling. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of this scale. To determine the validity of the scale, the mental well-being questionnaire  (Diener et al, 1985) and DASS-21 were used. The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis with Smart-PLS software. The results of reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient as well as combined reliability for all dimensions of the scale were >0.7, which indicates the optimal reliability of the scale. The results of the correlation coefficient between personality traits with the variables of depression, anxiety, stress, and negative emotion for the convergent validity showed a positive and significant relationship  (P <0.01). Also, the results of the correlation coefficient between personality traits and life satisfaction and positive emotion for divergent validity showed a negative and significant relationship  (P <0.01). The results showed that the researcher-made scale has good reliability and validity and researchers and therapists can use it for research and treatment purposes.

Ineffective motivational beliefs refer to the tendency of people to evaluate performance according to low criteria and lack of effort and perseverance to succeed in homework. Dysfunctional motivational beliefs lead to depression, anxiety, decreased self-esteem, academic self-efficacy, and other psychological problems. Although identifying and measuring dysfunctional motivational beliefs is essential to prevent psychological problems, there is a research gap in the construction and validation of the scale of dysfunctional motivational beliefs in the study population.

This study aimed to construct and validate the scale of dysfunctional motivational beliefs in high school students.

The method of the study was a combination of exploratory type and instrument development model. For this purpose, the foundation was first established through a qualitative study (in the previous study) based on data theorizing, using a semi-structured interview technique that was selected and interviewed with a sample of 15 students. The text of the interviews identified dysfunctional coding and motivational beliefs in behavioral, motivational, emotional, cognitive, personal, school, and family components using 12 methods of exercise, selection, and selectivity (Strauss & Corbin, 2015). In the next stage (the present study), based on the codes obtained from the qualitative part of the research, it became a tool for measuring the dysfunctional motivational beliefs of high school students and validating them. They were studying in 1399. They were selected using Purposive sampling and responded to the dysfunctional motivational beliefs scale.

The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the dysfunctional motivational beliefs scale contained 40 questions and consisted of 4 validated factors. Items 1 to 8 related to the factor of academic self-efficacy; Items 9 to 18 related to the testing anxiety factor; Items 19 to 31 related to the factor of academic credentials, and items 32 to 40 were related to the factor of homework value. Indicators of model fit in confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the validity of this scale.

In general, the results of the study provided evidence for the validity and reliability of the researcher-made questionnaire of ineffective motivational beliefs as a tool for measuring defective and inhibiting beliefs in the path of academic success of students, and it can be used as a reliable and valid tool for diagnosis used by researchers, therapists, and counselors, teachers should be placed.

The aim of this study was to construction and validation a scale for measuring the personality features of entrepreneurs in Iranian society. This research was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, we studying researches and articles published in the field of entrepreneurship and the personality features of entrepreneurs. Then we extracte the items appropriate with entrepreneurs features personality. The prepared items were then provided to the experts in two stages and their opinions on all items were received and applied. The result of the first stage was 136 items. In the second stage, the items approved by the experts were prepared in the form of an electronic scale along with demographic questions using Google form facilities. The study population in the first phase of the study included Iranian and foreign articles and researches published on the subject of personality features of entrepreneurs, which were published between 2000 to 2021 in scientific databases. The sample of eligible articles included 83 articles that were studied and topics related to the research topic were extracted from them. The study population in the second phase of the study included all Iranians aged 18 to 75 years of cyberspace users. The sample consisted of 2239 people who were eligible to participate in the study and the results were analyzed using SPSS 26 and Smart PLS 3.3.3 software. The results showed that among the items of the implemented scale, 45 items had validity and reliability to prepare the final scale. The final scale had been composed by 5 factors, to measure the personality features of entrepreneurs. According to the obtained results, the prepared scale has a high validity and reliability for measuring the personality features of entrepreneurs.

This research was done to construct and validate social procrastination scale in Tehran City`s males. In order to study the reliability and validity of social procrastination scale sample of 828 employed married men with diploma and higher، ages 20 to 45 years، in Tehran were selected by cluster sampling. Scale was conducted on the sample and data were analyzed by SPSS. For examining reliability through test-retest method، pearson correlation coefficient r=. /8 was obtained. and internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0. 85. For examinng validity of scale، exploratory factor analysis was used. Results of principal component analysis (PC)، by using varimax rotation، confirmed the two factors and consequently this scale was divided to two subscales as «self-attention» and «indifference». Since this research has been done on males، results indicating two factors of «self-attention» and «indifference» have good reliability and validity in male population of Tehran City، It is recommended to conduct a study like this on females to counteract the gender effect in findings.

The aim of the study was to develop a questionnaire for assessing students’ school bonding. The method used in this study was mixed research method and the research population included all students in all levels of Ardebil in 2011-2012 academic year. In the part of focal discussion a sample including 12 groups with 84 school students (42 female and 42 male) were selected in a purposeful manner from schools of different areas and were interviewed in groups with seven students. In quantitative research, 1071 students were chosen through multiple steps random sampling. The result of the validation through internal consistency method based on alpha Cronbach was 0.93. Evaluation of the content validity, predictive and construct validity of the questionnaire confirmed the validity of the questionnaire. The results obtained from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that School Bonding Questionnaire (SBQ) consists of six factors: attachment to teachers, attachment to school, attachment to school’s staff, involvement in school, belief and commitment to school.